In the following index, CPAE volumes are indicated by bold Arabic numbers. For any given volume, page numbers in italics indicate editorial apparatus; a lowercase “n” following a page number indicates an endnote to an Einstein document; and a lowercase “c” indicates a reference to the Calendar. Entries are listed under the appropriate English heading; institutions, organizations, and concepts that have no standard English translation are listed under their German designation. “Albert Einstein” is abbreviated to “AE” in subentries. Other abbreviations used are “DPG” for “Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft,” “ETH” for “Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule,” “GDNÄ” for “Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte,” “KWG” for “Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft,” “KWIP” for “Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Physik,” and “PAW” for “Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften.”

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

A

8-Uhr Abendblatt,

7:106, 287n, 348n

Aall, Anathon (1867–1943),

9:532

Aarau, Canton of Aargau

AE’s stay in,

1:10–42 passim, 372–373

See also Aargau Kantonsschule; Müller-Winteler, Marie; Winteler family; Winteler, Jost; Winteler, Pauline

Aarau Töchterinstitut und Lehrerinnenseminar,

1:234n, 238n, 385, 389

Aardenne, Gijsbert van (1888–1983),

9:228, 268, 403, 415, 457, 508; 10:262, 298, 403, 480

AE on,

9:352

Aargau, Canton of, Department of Education agreement with Swiss Federal School Council,

1:24n, 25

Aargau Kantonsschule,

1:lxv–lxvi, 11, 12, 28, 217, 372–373; 2:42, 110; 8:850n; 9:91n

AE’s difficulties in French at,

1:17, 18, 28

AE’s Entrance Report at,

1:13–14

AE’s friends at

(see Byland, Hans; Wohlwend, Hans)

AE’s Gedankenexperiment on light at,

1:12, 372

AE’s grades at,

1:16–17, 23

AE’s music examination at, report on,

1:21

AE’s studies at,

5:34

curriculum at,

1:359–361

history and organization of,

1:10–12

Matura examinations at: AE’s,

1:25–42;

at Gewerbeschule,

23–25

teachers, list of AE’s,

1:359–361 (see also Ganter, Heinrich; Mühlberg, Friedrich; Rennhart, Martin; Tuchschmid, August)

textbooks at,

1:361

Winteler family, AE boards with,

1:12, 14, 17–18, 19 (see also Winteler family; Müller-Winteler, Marie; Winteler, Jost; Winteler, Pauline)

Abbé, F., AE’s landlord at Wittelsbacherstraße,

10:106, 122n, 131n

Abderhalden, Emil (1877–1950),

8:887; 9:45n; 10:260

Aberration,

2:435; 3:165–166; 4:53, 104n, 422, 545; 6:26–27, 44, 45, 55, 67n, 392, 457, 526, 536n; 7:127–128n, 178n, 246, 310, 321n, 466

relativistic expression for,

2:262, 295–297, 447, 486n

stellar,

2:255, 262, 297, 447, 486n

See also Stokes, George: theory of aberration of

Abraham, Max (1875–1922),

1:259n; 2:270, 306n, 307n, 309n, 523; 4:122–128, 141, 143, 505, 621n; 5:120n, 190n, 232n, 251n, 449, 455, 595, 597n; 7:321n, 355; 8:145, 205, 305, 548, 549n, 803; 9:7; 10:22, 67

AE invites,

5:242

AE meets with,

8:282

AE on,

5:189, 231

AE quotes,

4:183, 186

AE’s response to criticism by,

4:181–186, 190, 621n; 5:595

on AE’s theory of gravitation,

10:17

electrodynamics of moving media, paper on,

5:162n;

AE on,

161

electron model of,

2:254, 270, 308n, 310n, 371, 410, 412n, 461, 553n; 5:57; 8:840, 913

general relativity, criticism of, AE on,

5:588

gravitation theory of,

4:122, 124, 126, 130, 141, 143, 186, 187n, 299, 488, 501n, 505, 506, 509, 615; 5:394n; 10:17

AE’s criticism of,

5:395, 408, 413, 418, 420, 421, 430, 436, 447, 483, 550

AE’s criticism of modified version,

5:505

controversy with AE on,

4:122–128, 130, 179n, 181–186, 187n, 190, 488, 501n, 615, 621n, 622n; 5:394, 394n, 406, 480, 501

equations of motion in,

5:465, 467

Laub’s work, criticism of,

5:231

leaves Milan for Zurich,

8:146n

ponderomotive forces of,

5:119;

AE on,

308

radiation theory, discussion with Wien on,

5:57, 59, 448n

recommends Ehrenfest as AE’s successor in Prague,

5:446

sarcasm of,

8:206n

special relativity, work on,

4:84, 92, 107n

University of Zurich, candidacy for chair at: AE’s recommendation of,

5:447;

negative decision on,

448n

in Zurich,

10:25

Absolute differential calculus,

10:25

Absolute motion of solar system, from eclipses of Jupiter’s moons,

10:516

Absolute rest.

See Rest, absolute

Absorption,

2:142–143, 145, 167n; 3:535–536, 547n

coefficient,

3:542–543

and coherence,

3:540, 547n, 574

and emission,

3:457, 517, 535–536, 542, 558

of γ-rays,

8:874, 875

infrared,

3:503, 504n, 542, 547n

of light,

8:246

maximum,

2:243, 389, 405

of radiation,

3:500, 504n, 506n, 540, 542

temperature dependence,

3:312n

time factor in,

3:504n, 541

in universe,

8:393

See also Light; Radiation

Absorption spectra.

See Spectra, absorption

Academia, scholarly ideals in, AE on,

9:194

Académie des Sciences, Paris,

3:519n

Academy for the Science of Judaism.

See Akademie für die Wissenschaft des Judentums

Academy of Sciences, Royal Danish.

See Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters

Academy of Sciences, Royal Dutch.

See Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences

Acceleration,

3:xxviii–xxix, 6, 13–14, 22–24, 31, 81, 124–125, 143, 466; 6:466, 517–518

absolute,

3:487; 7:371n

absolute and relative,

4:194–195, 484, 547, 585, 618, 620

addition, law of,

3:16

constant,

2:487n, 495

effect of on measuring rods and clocks,

8:392

of electrons,

3:543

of fluid elements,

6:400

and frames of reference,

3:175n, 480, 487

and gravitation,

2:274, 436, 476, 495; 6:8, 280, 282n, 287–288, 292, 405, 469–472, 474–475, 529–530, 531, 537n; 7:116–118, 121n, 266, 354, 357n (see also Equivalence principle)

influence of

on rate of clock,

2:476–480

on shape of a body,

2:476–480

proper,

2:495n; 4:131, 147; 6:407, 408n;

uniform,

4:194

space-time and field of,

4:131–134

transformation

(see Transformation)

See also Motion: accelerated; Relativity, principle of

Acceleration transformation.

See Transformation: acceleration

Ackermann-Teubner, Alfred (1857–1941),

5:75n

Acoustic research,

9:127–128

Acoustics,

8:433

molecular

(see Molecular acoustics)

Acta Mathematica, honoring memory of Poincaré,

9:308

Action

at a distance,

2:581; 3:xix, 178, 178n, 252, 253n, 358; 6:123, 467; 7:308–309, 316, 349n

local,

7:308–309, 372, 407

principle of least

(see Least action, principle of)

propagation of with superluminal velocity, impossibility of,

2:424–425

quantum of

(see Quantum: of action)

Action and reaction, principle of,

2:114, 525, 527–528; 3:15, 42, 44, 136, 255–256, 257n, 316, 360, 392; 4:124, 156–161, 567, 610

in AE’s and Laub’s electrodynamics of moving media,

5:131, 132n, 253

in AE’s theory of static gravitational field,

5:430n, 486n

in Lorentz’s electrodynamics,

5:149n

Adams, Edwin (1878–1956),

7:570n–571n, 573n, 576n, 590

Adams, Walter (1876–1956),

5:316, 317n, 328, 330, 347, 354, 355, 357; 10:249

Adapted coordinates.

See Coordinates: adapted

Addition of velocities, law of,

3:134, 146, 155, 160–162, 372; 4:33, 48–50, 53; 6:53–55, 449–452; 7:523

in classical mechanics,

6:434–435, 444, 450

Newtonian,

2:257

relativistic,

2:290–292, 302, 444–446, 448, 569–570; 3:160

Adiabatic change of state.

See Change of state: adiabatic

Adiabatic invariants,

4:272

Ehrenfest’s theory of,

3:562n; 5:564; 6:36–37, 39n; 8:12–13, 15, 19, 23, 28, 42, 386, 555, 642–643

discussion between Ehrenfest and AE on,

8:19, 23, 28

publications on,

8:961

Adiabatic process.

See Change of state: adiabatic

Adler, Emma (1905–1979?),

8:480

Adler, Felix (1911–1981?),

8:480n

Adler, Friedrich (1879–1960),

3:578, 581; 5:199n, 264; 7:121n; 8:410, 420, 432, 447, 451, 479, 486, 488, 489, 899; 10:78–80

AE asks Zangger to help,

8:409

AE offers help to,

8:394, 432, 438

AE volunteers as witness at trial of,

10:78

on AE’s candidacy for chair in Prague,

5:254n

amnesty for,

8:829n

apartment in Zurich of,

8:403

assassinates Stürgkh,

8:394

character of,

8:394, 409, 441; 10:73–74, 79–80

coordinate systems, manuscript on,

8:403, 437, 438, 480, 494n, 844n–847n; 10:80, 82

discussion with AE on,

8:828, 840–844, 848, 881–883, 899–901, 906–908, 913–914

death penalty for,

8:403, 829n

intervention on behalf of,

8:409; 10:xxxiv, 73–74, 79, 81

Kant and Mach, plan of book on,

8:395n, 402, 480

Mach’s nag ridden by, AE on,

8:441, 444, 451

Nauheim, leaves GDNÄ meeting in,

10:600c

on perihelion motion of Mercury,

8:421

on prison conditions,

8:828–829

on privileged frame,

8:403

on relativity of rotation,

8:403

scientific work in prison,

8:480n

solicits AE’s signature on appeal of amnesty for Hungarian people’s commissars,

10:484

sympathy for,

8:464

trial of,

8:404n, 494n

University of Zurich, course at,

5:199; 8:403

velocity-dependence of electron form and mass, discussion with AE on,

8:908, 913

Weyl, criticizes book of,

8:848

Adler, Johanna (1903–1978),

8:480

Adler, Josef (1844–1918),

5:239n; 10:96

Adler, Kathia (1879–1969),

8:394, 404n, 442n, 464, 479, 497; 10:198

AE offers to help,

8:394

AE plans to visit,

497

AE visits,

829n

visits Friedrich Adler,

8:480

Adler, Paul (1878–1910),

5:238, 239n

Adler, Rosa (1855–1935),

5:238, 239n; 10:96

Adler, Saul (1895–1966),

7:436n

Adler, Victor (1852–1918),

8:394, 442n, 1005c; 10:82

AE visits in Vienna,

5:258n

Adler-Germanishskaya, Katerina.

See Adler, Kathia

Adn.

See Einstein, Hans Albert

Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg,

9:281n

AEG.

See Allgemeine Elektrizitätsgesellschaft

Aegeri, Canton Zug,

9:270, 303, 307n

Eduard Einstein in sanatorium in,

10:xxxvii

Aepfelkammer tavern,

5:252

Aerodynamics,

2:430; 8:287, 577

Aerostatics,

2:430

Afanas’jeva, Sonya,

8:13; 9:222, 227, 248, 457

Agar-agar, for Elsa Einstein,

10:122

Agram (Zagreb),

1:294.

Ahrenshoop,

10:xxxvi

Airfoil designed by AE,

6:401, 402n

test of,

8:577n;

in wind tunnel,

10:106n

theory of,

8:287

Airolo, Canton of Ticino,

1:lxv, 372

Airplane

gyrocompass for,

7:190

model by Hans Albert Einstein,

10:xxxii, xxxvi

rotation along vertical axis,

7:192

Akademie für die Wissenschaft des Judentums,

9:168n, 553c

Akademie Olympia.

See Olympia Academy

Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft.

See Publishers

Akademisch-Pädagogischer Verein, Vienna, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:597c

Al-Azhar University,

9:213n

Albert Einstein Donation Fund.

See Albert-Einstein-Spende

Albert, Kurt, contributes to Albert-Einstein-Spende,

10:372

Albert-Einstein-Spende,

9:359, 388n, 448n, 585c, 589c, 606c, 614c, 616c; 10:372n, 571c, 577c, 582c, 601c

appeal for contributions to,

9:593c

board of trustees, members of,

10:578c

contributions to,

10:372, 527, 582c

popular lecture on,

9:613c

Albis, Canton Zurich,

10:41

Albrecht, Sebastian (1876–?),

10:249

Algeciras, act of,

8:173

Alldeutscher Verband,

7:112, 282n; 8:629n, 746n

Allen, Ethel,

9:588c, 594c

Allen, Stanley (1873–1945),

8:158

Allgemeine Elektrizitätsgesellschaft (AEG),

8:400n, 451n

contributes to Albert-Einstein-Spende,

10:372

legal dispute with Sannig & Co.,

7:242–243

Allgemeine Gesellschaft für chemische Industrie m.b.H.,

9:570c

“Allgemeine Nährpflicht,”

7:129; 9:609c

Allgemeine Studentenausschüsse, and Deutsche Studentenschaft,

9:179n

Allgemeine Studenten-Vertretung an der Technischen Hochschule Dresden, invites AE to lecture,

10:590c;

accepted,

591c, 608c, 612c, 613c

Allies

AE on,

9:281

guarantee of democracy in Germany,

9:513

in Versailles Peace Treaty negotiations,

9:110

See also Versailles Peace Treaty

Alloys

electrical conductivity of,

5:337, 338

electrical resistance of,

5:318

Alpha particle,

2:577, 586; 7:339

Als-Ob conference (Halle),

9:493, 532, 611c; 10:xlv, 246, 262, 265, 275, 288, 298–299, 573c, 576c, 586c

AE cancels participation in,

10:267, 268, 277

ignorance of relativity at, Petzoldt on,

10:332

Wertheimer on,

10:260–261.

See also Philosophy: of Als-Ob; Vaihinger, Hans

Alte Münze restaurant,

5:115n;

AE on,

5:114

Althoff, Friedrich (1839–1908), on academic appointments,

9:142

Altmann, Victor, proposes prize for essay on relativity and Als-Ob philosophy,

10:586c

Amberg, Ernst (1871–1952),

1:298, 362, 363; 9:271; 10:227, 236–237, 330n

American Jewish Congress,

9:17n

American Jewish Physicians’ Committee,

7:436n

American Relief Administration,

7:332n;

European Children’s Fund of,

7:332n

Amerika Institut,

9:605c

Amorphous substances, thermal research on funded by KWIP,

9:560c

Ampère, André-Marie (1775–1836),

1:200; 2:xxv; 3:357, 565

magnetism, work on,

6:145, 151, 153, 173, 191

Ampère’s molecular currents,

6:39n; 7:586–589 10:320

AE’s and De Haas’s experiment on,

6:145–149, 151–169, 173–188, 195, 231; 8:63, 76, 79, 84n, 85, 88, 91, 117, 120–121, 135, 299; 10:345, 533

calculational error in,

8:123

disturbing effects in,

8:97, 175

effect measured,

6:148; 7:585n;

by Beck,

9:7n, 16, 57

effort spent on,

8:136

evaluation of,

8:116

Herzfeld on,

10:531–532, 549

Ioffe on,

10:404

manuscript on,

8:116

Möller on,

10:574c

paper on,

8:135;

correction to,

127

phase, relative, of torque and angular displacement in,

6:163–164, 170n, 183–184, 189n, 195

skepticism toward results of,

8:134

sources of error in,

6:148, 159–160, 161–162, 180–182

AE’s experiment on,

6:271–275; 8:157, 162, 175, 185, 197, 261; 10:28, 39

De Haas’s experiment on,

8:157, 159, 162, 197, 340n

literature on,

10:502

See also Electron: circulating intra-atomic

Amsterdam Academy of Sciences.

See Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences

Amtsgericht Berlin,

8:975n

Analogy arguments

AE’s,

3:114, 128n

Nernst’s,

3:545n

Anarchism,

7:124n

Andersen, Hans Christian (1805–1875),

8:635;

The King’s Robe,

9:155

Andreyev, Ivan (1880–1919),

5:540n

Andromache,

10:171n

Aner, Karl (1879–1933),

9:71

Anglo-American University Library for Central Europe,

9:511, 529, 533, 612c; 10:334

Angular momentum,

2:522; 3:26, 63–67, 73, 101; 4:454

conservation of,

4:350, 355, 374–376

inner,

6:192

law of conservation of,

6:152, 174, 192 (see also Area law)

and magnetic moment

(see Magnetic moment: and angular momentum)

Annalen der Philosophie,

8:886–888

Annalen der Physik,

1:xl, 267, 304, 315, 375, 377; 7:103, 349n

AE’s reading of,

2:260

Ansbacher, Bernardo (1845–1914),

1:282; 5:12, 16n, 479n

Ansbacher, Julie (1845–1933),

1:287, 296; 5:403, 404n, 479n; 10:206–207, 210

Ansbacher, Luigi (1878–1956),

1:258, 262, 296; 5:23n, 183n, 403, 404n, 479n

AE visits,

5:183

stay in Hechingen of,

5:23

Ansbacher family, Alfred Stern’s visit to,

5:479

“Anschaulichkeit.”

See Physics: intuitive quality of

Anschütz & Co.,

8:790, 811–812, 832, 837, 857

AE’s expert opinions on dispute between Sperry Gyroscope Company and,

6:137–143, 143n, 144n, 146, 207–210

legal dispute with Gesellschaft für nautische Instrumente,

7:81–84

legal dispute with Kreiselbau Co.,

7:190–195

patent of,

7:81–84, 192–195

Anschütz-Kaempfe, Hermann (1872–1931),

7:xxix, 84n–85n; 8:837, 838, 857, 858n, 863, 864n; 10:430, 531, 549

AE stays with,

10:xlvi, 431

endowment of,

10:452

experiment on terrestrial magnetism,

10:457–458, 533, 544

on gyrocompass,

10:457, 533, 543–544

invites AE,

9:7; 10:458, 531, 533, 544

offers honorarium to AE,

10:533, 544

proposes scientific lecture in Munich,

10:543

Anschütz-Stöve, Reta (1897–1961),

10:431

Anti-Oorlog Raad,

8:118n, 186, 206n, 869n

session in Bern,

10:36

Antipodal point, stellar light from,

8:412

Anti-relativists,

7:xxxi–xxxii, 101–113, 279n, 357n

AE’s response to,

7:345–347

and anti-Semitism,

7:102, 106, 112, 348n

appeals to common sense by,

7:105, 118–119, 357n–358n

Anti-relativity meeting at Berlin Philharmonic Hall.

See Philharmonic Hall, Berlin, anti-relativity meeting at

Anti-Semitism,

9:169, 522

in academic circles,

9:230n, 269n, 489, 494;

AE on,

268

AE on,

9:230, 287, 352, 492

AE on causes of,

7:290, 294, 427

AE as target of,

7:625; 9:612c

AE’s housing difficulties in Berlin as caused by, Winteler-Einstein on,

9:307n

at AE’s lecture course,

7:286; 9:423n

AE’s reaction to German,

7:xxxvi

and assimilation,

7:289–291

campaigns in Germany,

9:489

in Kiel,

9:230

methods of defense against,

7:290–291

in Munich Volksschule,

1:lx n

in physics departments of German universities,

1:282

in Poland,

8:964n

psychological origin of,

7:290

role of in preserving Jewish identity,

7:427–428, 430n

in Russia,

7:429n; 8:18

“science”of,

7:427, 429n

as theme in German politics,

7:101

Zionist and Central-Verein differences on,

7:292n

See also Pogroms

Anti-War Council.

See Anti-Oorlog Raad

Aphelion,

4:351, 354; 6:241

Appeal

“An die Europäer,”

6:69–70; 8:78n, 276n, 342n, 505n, 762, 763, 832n; 9:476n; 10:29

“An die freie Jugend aller Stände und Völker,” AE signs,

9:552c

“An die Kulturwelt,”

6:70n; 8:78n, 104n, 157n, 171n, 285, 286n, 637n, 774, 931n; 9:476n

AE on mitigating circumstances,

9:163

and Anglo-German relations,

9:245n

authors of,

9:122n

and bitterness against Germany, in France and Belgium,

9:114, 121

revocation, prospects of,

8:176

signatories of,

8:170, 345, 347n

signatures for, collection of,

8:155

“April 1919,”

9:33

“Aufruf des deutschen Geistes zum Sozialismus,” new version,

9:94–96

For a Peace of Reconciliation,

8:1010c

“Für den Aufbau des jüdischen Palästina,” AE signs,

9:193, 579c

“Für die Unabhängigkeit des Geistes,”

9:575c;

AE signs,

102, 105, 110, 134–135;

Schmidt supports,

102

Harnack-Fischer, on electoral reform in Germany,

10:96

in favor of republican constitution

AE prepared to sign,

10:242

AE signs,

574c

of the Intellectuals,

8:151n, 342n, 837n

Spring 1919 appeal,

9:106n

to join Demokratische Partei,

8:1029c–1030c

“Un Appel, Fière Declaration d’Intellectuels,”

9:575c;

AE signs,

102, 564c

Appell, Paul (1885–1930),

8:171n, 335

Applications, for funding for

acoustic research,

9:127–128

air pump,

9:589c;

pending,

615c

analyzing “ice-core” process,

8:1022c

atmospheric physics,

9:565c;

rejected,

566c; 10:570c

battery and discharge tubes for research on light emission: pending,

10:568c;

granted,

568c

coal cutter,

8:1014c

compass and water wheel,

8:1015c

crystal structure of metals and alloys,

9:556c, 567c

determination of elementary electric charge,

10:582c;

pending,

589;

granted,

609c

developing melting technique,

8:1014c

developing temperature gauge,

8:1016c

diffusion pump,

9:581c;

rejected,

583c

electrical oscillations,

9:556c;

granted,

560c, 567c

electrometer,

9:563c;

rejected,

566c;

granted,

613c

electron impact measurements,

9:612c;

granted,

613c

elementary electric charge, static determination of,

10:603c;

pending,

611c, 612c

equipment for research on high-frequency resonance in iron-containing circuits,

9:557c;

rejected,

561c

Fricke’s theory of gravitation, publication of

8:1018c, 1019c

geophysical instruments,

9:579c;

rejected,

581c; 10:570c

high-voltage batteries for X-ray spectroscopy,

9:556c;

granted,

560c

high-voltage battery and maintenance,

10:579c 591c;

pending,

582c;

granted,

609c

infrared spectra of gases,

10:587c;

granted

602c

instrument for recording current curves, granted,

10:604c

instruments to measure elementary electric charge,

9:558c;

granted,

560c, 568c

instruments for photoelectric measurements in astrophysics,

9:557c;

rejected,

561c

mathematical assistance,

9:102n;

granted,

560c

medical inventions,

8:1020c

mercury for research on light emission of atoms,

9:556c, 562c;

granted,

561c, 563c

meteorological station,

9:556c;

rejected,

561c

method to transform heat into mechanical work,

8:1014c

microphotometer,

9:551c;

granted,

554c

molecular velocities, vapor pressure, molecular diffusion, X-ray spectroscopy,

9:571c

perpetuum mobile,

8:1019c

photochemical research,

9:601c;

granted,

613c

photoelectric research,

10:583c;

pending,

584c, 586c;

granted,

609c

Physikalische Berichte,

9:598c;

granted,

603c

quartz spectrograph,

9:337;

pending,

10:579c, 583c;

granted,

9:613c; 10:609c

radiometer, theory of,

9:559c;

granted,

560c, 568c

redshift measurements,

9:38;

granted,

561c

research instruments, granted,

9:563c

research on

influence of magnetic field on intensity of band spectra, granted,

9:568c

influence of magnetic field on molecular-forces in liquid crystals,

9:555c, 558c;

rejected,

562c

influence of magnetic field on spectral lines,

9:557c

insulators, heat conductivity of commercial

9:566c;

rejected,

566c

mechanics and heat theory,

8:1025c

photochemistry,

9:601c;

granted,

613c

photoelectricity and X-rays,

9:559c;

granted,

560c, 567c

quantum theory of monatomic gases,

9:19;

rejected,

561c

radiation formula, reserved,

9:561c;

granted,

571c;

postponed,

576c

refractive index and absorption coefficient of metals in infrared region,

9:557c;

granted,

560c

thermal research of solid amorphous substances,

9:560c

research stipend,

9:21;

rejected,

562c

short wavelength electric waves, production of,

9:557c;

granted,

560c, 562c

solar redshift measurement of, granted,

9:591c

specific heat of solids at low temperature,

9:557c;

granted,

560c, 567c

spectral lines, intensity of,

10:604c;

granted,

609c

spectroscopic instruments,

9:569c;

granted,

613c

Stark effect,

9:558c;

granted,

560c, 568c

stipend,

9:555c, 563c, 579c;

rejected,

68, 564c

smoke consumption,

8:1022c

study of telescope and color photography,

8:1023c

voltage recording instrument, granted,

10:604c

X-ray diffraction research,

8:821–822;

granted,

823, 1024c

X-ray spectroscopy,

9:559c;

granted,

560c, 562c, 567c, 613c; 10:585c, 609c;

pending,

607c;

declined,

611c

X-ray tube,

10:609c

Approximations,

2:386–387. See also Limit, Newtonian

Arago, François (1786–1853),

9:333

Arbeiterfürsorgeamt der jüdischen Organisationen,

7:240n–241n

Arbeitsgemeinschaft deutscher Naturforscher zur Erhaltung der reinen Wissenschaft,

7:105, 348n; 10:382, 388n, 388, 400n, 401n, 407n, 407, 417n, 418n, 419n, 427n, 452n, 470n, 593c

Hennig on,

10:594c

invites AE to lecture,

10:451–452

meeting at Berlin Philharmonic Hall

(see Philharmonic Hall, Berlin, anti-relativity meeting at)

Archimedes,

1:337; 8:764n, 941

Archimedes’ spiral,

3:196, 244n

Arc-length,

6:89, 90, 306, 307

Arco, Georg Count von (1869–1940),

9:xliv, 34n, 34, 43n, 65n, 71, 132, 343n, 347, 358; 10:486

on AE’s worldview,

9:347

invites AE to Monistenbund,

9:347–348

letter to Kammerer on heritability,

9:505

Bund “Neues Vaterland,” signs circular of,

8:947

requests AE’s opinion on Kammerer 1919,

10:486–487

requests court expert opinion from AE on legal dispute over Meissner’s patent,

10:486

supports Nicolai,

9:475

supports Rausch von Traubenberg,

9:291

Vereinigung Gleichgesinnter, nominates AE for membership in,

8:342n

Area law,

2:410; 3:28, 33–35, 57, 65–67; 4:350, 374, 387n, 395n, 439n, 441n, 471n; 6:238–239, 240

Area velocity,

4:350, 353, 355, 374, 403n

Aristotle, on heredity,

10:92

Arkad’ev, Vladimir (1884–1953),

10:603c

on restoration of international connections among scientists,

10:319

Arkhangelsky, Aleksandr (1877–1926),

10:418n, 465n, 469n

Arndt-Gymnasium,

8:14n

Arnold, Libert,

5:244

Arons, Leo (1860–1919),

8:945; 9:475

chromoscope of,

7:205n

courage of political convictions of,

7:xxxviii, 203

loses position,

7:205n, 283n

obituary for,

7:205n

open letter to Rector and Senate of University of Berlin,

8:946n

as physicist,

7:203–204

Arosa,

10:85, 91–92, 100, 103, 103n, 109, 121, 138, 141n, 157n, 158, 167, 181n

AE in,

9:5

De Sitter in sanatorium in,

9:238, 295; 10:477, 500

Einstein, Eduard in sanatorium in,

10:xxxiv–xxxv, 84, 86, 91, 92, 98, 99, 102, 104, 105, 136, 139, 144, 145, 181, 185

Fokker in sanatorium in,

9:238, 295; 10:287

good for AE’s health,

10:140, 169

Arrhenius, Svante (1859–1927),

4:561; 5:16n; 8:946; 9:308n, 552c

book by, Stodola’s comments on,

5:125

comet tails, theory of,

6:360

on dissociation,

5:13, 16n

on entropy of universe,

5:125

Art, AE on,

9:572c

Aryan physics,

7:111

Aschkinass, Emil (1873–1909),

3:413n

Assicurazioni Generali, Trieste, Italy,

1:305

Assimilation, relationship to anti-Semitism,

7:289–291

Association for Combating Anti-Semitism.

See Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus

Association of German Universities.

See Verband der Deutschen Hochschulen

Aston, Francis (1877–1945),

10:365, 513, 524

on isotopic composition of neon,

9:316

Astronomy,

6:22, 242, 243n, 359–361, 372, 475, 493–494, 517, 551; 7:xxviii

AE urges support for in Germany,

10:357

measurement of position and time in,

7:143, 146n, 197–198n

Astrophysical Observatory, Potsdam,

4:607n; 6:360; 7:423–425n; 8:204n, 225n, 260n, 262n, 293, 386n, 413, 563, 605, 608, 684n; 9:14n, 158n, 167n, 275n, 385, 603c, 614c, 616c

affiliation of Freundlich to,

8:601

candidates for directorship of,

8:322–324

reservation of astronomers at toward general relativity,

9:157

Asymmetries.

See Electrodynamics of moving bodies: asymmetries in formulations of; Symmetries

Atlas Works

legal dispute with Signal Co.,

7:472–478n, 480–481

patent of,

7:472–478n, 480–481

Atmospheric motions,

1:220

Atomic hypothesis.

See Atomic-molecular hypothesis

Atomic-molecular hypothesis,

1:xl; 2:xviii, xix, 46, 51, 95n–96n, 172, 177–178, 207–208, 218, 221, 222, 504, 396n; 586; 3:136; 283–284, 414n; 6:282n, 523, 535n

compressibility treated on the basis of,

3:412, 526–527

reality of

Mach’s views on,

2:207, 218

nineteenth-century debates on,

2:207

Ostwald’s views on,

2:207, 218

See also Atoms

Atomic theory,

6:147

AE’s use of,

5:10, 17

of electricity,

2:, 208, 222, 504, 585

of matter

(see Atomic-molecular hypothesis)

See also Charge, elementary; Quantum: of matter

Atomic vibrations.

See Vibrations: atomic

Atomism, Mach’s skepticism of,

5:204n

Atoms,

3:517n

absolute size of, as designation for Avogadro’s number,

5:217

of action,

2:585

attractive forces between

(see Molecular force)

as carriers of heat,

2:405

constitution of,

8:821–822; 10:482

degrees of freedom of,

2:383

distance between,

3:468

of electricity

(see Charge, elementary; Electrons)

and electrons,

3:514n

evidence of,

3:508n

existence of

(see Atomic-molecular hypothesis)

kinetic theory of

(see Kinetic theory: of atoms)

mass of,

3:468, 470

as mass points,

2:351

mean kinetic energy of,

3:471–472, 521

size of,

3:422

structure of,

10:303

thermal oscillations of,

3:527

See also Force: interatomic; Molecular dimensions; Molecules; Oscillations: atomic

Aubel, Edmond van (1864–1941),

9:114; 10:303n

Auer, Leopold (1845–1930),

5:306, 308n, 479

Auer von Welsbach, Carl (1858–1929),

5:438n

Auer-Aktien-Gesellschaft, Schweizerische,

10:xxxv

Auergesellschaft.

See Deutsche Gasglühlicht Aktiengesellschaft

Aufruf.

See Appeal

Auskunfts- und Hilfstelle für Deutsche im Ausland und Ausländer in Deutschland, Rotten’s membership in,

8:371n

Austria

conflict with Serbs,

5:508n

difficulties of obtaining scholarly literature,

9:45n, 485

economic situation

9:260, 373

social politics in,

9:436

union with Bavaria,

9:92

universities under government control and funding,

9:437n

Austria-Hungary.

See World War I

Austrian Academy of Sciences,

9:73

awards Baumgartner Prize to AE and De Haas,

8:756n, 1009c; 10:91, 106

Austrian Chemical-Physical Society,

9:133n

Austrian consulate, refuses Ehrenfest passport,

8:702n

Austrian Technical Testing Bureau.

See Technische Versuchsanstalt

Auwers, Arthur von (1838–1915),

8:87

Avenarius, Richard (1843–1896),

2:xxv; 8:539, 547, 887

Avogadro’s law,

1:100; 3:181, 212, 245n; 5:280

Avogadro’s number,

2:46, 53, 108n, 136, 171, 176–177, 179, 180, 182, 212, 221, 396n; 3:181, 189, 243n, 284, 311n; 4:111, 562, 564n; 8:913

alternative German designations for,

3:243n; 5:218n

determination of: Perrin’s,

5:216;

Planck’s,

217

See also Loschmidt’s number

Axalp,

5:136n

Axenstraße, Canton of Uri,

1:280

Axiomatic method.

See Method: axiomatic

Axiomatics, Schlick on Reichenbach’s understanding of,

10:454

Axioms,

2:xxiii, 255. See also Principles: of physics; Theory of principle

Axioms of geometry.

See Geometry: axiomatic

Azimuth-top,

6:138

Azzolini, Margherita (1881–?),

10:148, 231

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

B

Baade, Walter (1893–1960),

8:426

Babelsberg Observatory.

See Royal Prussian Observatory

Bäbler, Johann Jakob,

1:359, 360

Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685–1750),

1:21n; 8:345, 346, 401n

Notenbüchlein für Anna Magdalena Bach,

9:340n

St. Matthew Passion,

9:453n, 495, 503

Bach, Rudolf.

See Förster, Rudolf

Bachem, (Franz Xaver?),

9:610c

Bachem, Albert (1888–1957),

6:514; 7:106, 271, 281n, 347, 349n, 575n; 9:xxxix, 37, 86, 296n, 324–325, 328n, 330–332, 335, 342, 347n, 353, 355, 385–386, 401, 457, 478–479, 482, 596c, 598c, 610c; 10:xlix, 248–249, 346, 372

on redshift of solar spectral lines,

10:337, 365

Bachmann, Ernst (1888–1977),

8:175n

Bächtold, Johanna (1852–1927),

1:58, 59n, 213, 314n

Bacon, Francis (1561–1626),

6:279

Bad Nauheim.

See Gesellschaft deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte, meeting in Bad Nauheim

Baden, Max Prince von (1867–1929),

8:930n, 932n

Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik,

8:895n; 9:158n

Baeck, Leo (1873–1956),

9:169n

Baeyer, Otto von,

10:606c

requests KWIP funds for determination of elementary electric charge,

10:582c;

granted

609c;

pending,

589c

Bahn, Carlota de,

9:484n

Bahn, Otto,

9:484

Balfour Declaration.

See Palestine: Balfour Declaration on

Balfour, Lord Arthur (1848–1930),

9:17n, 255n

Baltischwiler, ?,

3:576

Balzac, Honoré de (1799–1850),

5:546; 10:160

Banachiewicz, Tadeusz (1882–1954),

8:258

Bancelin, Jacques,

2:170, 180–182; 3:416, 418n; 5:271; 7:343n

viscosity of mastic emulsions, experiments on,

5:267n;

discrepancy with AE’s prediction,

218n, 266, 267n, 268

Bandi, Benvenuto (1905–1926),

5:592n; 8:10n

Bandi, Ernst (?–1906),

8:10n; 10:101n

death of,

5:45n, 581n;

AE’s condolences,

44

Bandi, Ernst (1907–1991),

5:592n; 8:10n

Bandi-Winteler, Rosa (1875–1962),

1:388; 5:3n, 531, 531n, 588, 590; 8:9, 10

AE visits,

5:591, 592

business problems of, AE’s advice on,

5:580, 589

plans for boardinghouse in Winterthur,

5:580n

wedding of, Bessos as witnesses at,

10:101

Bär, Richard (1892–1940),

8:916, 933; 9:152, 192; 10:296

on atomistic structure of electricity,

8:904

on experiments of Ehrenhaft,

8:935

fractional electron charge, experiments on,

9:7n

stopper potential, paper on,

8:911

Bär, Sara (1862–1925),

1:248, 249n

Barberis, Giovanni,

1:282

Barbusse, Henri (1873–1935),

7:216n–217n, 491n; 9:322, 323n, 331

and Clarté movement,

9:103n, 321

signatory of “Un Appel, Fière Declaration d’Intellectuels,”

9:102

Barker, Ernest (1874–1960),

7:433n

Barkla, Charles (1877–1944), invited to Third Solvay Congress,

10:303

Barnard, E. E.,

9:550c

Barnard Medal,

10:571c, 575c, 576c, 584c, 591c

Barnett, Samuel (1873–1956),

6:145, 149, 232n, 271; 8:197

AE and De Haas on work of,

6:149, 231, 276n

experiment on magnetism,

6:149, 231

Barometer, mercury, vacuum in,

6:519

Barrows, David,

10:524n

Barth publishing house.

See Publishers

Bartscht, Artur, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:594c

Bas-Bulaneck, Henri (1871–1927),

8:400

Basel,

3:254, 257n. See also Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft: meeting in Basel; Schweizerische Physikalische Gesellschaft: meeting in Basel

Basel conference on Hebrew University.

See Hebrew University of Jerusalem: scholars’ conference in Basel on

Bassewitz, Gerdt von (1878–1923),

9:360n

Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte,

9:133n;

AE invited to membership in,

9:234n, 572c

Batavian Society for Experimental Philosophy.

See Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte

Bateman, Henry (1882–1946),

8:436, 570n

Battelli, Angelo (1862–1916),

1:285, 287; 5:16n;

on dissociation,

12

Battelli’s equation.

See Equation of state: Battelli’s

Bauch, Bruno (1877–1934),

9:76n

Bauer, ?,

3:576

Bauer, Hans (1891–1953),

7:101

Bauer, Otto (1882–1938), solicits signature for amnesty petition for Hungarian people’s commissars,

10:605c

Baumer, Cäcilia (1872–1962),

1:321

Baumer, Carl (1874–1955),

1:321, 325, 326n

Baumgartner Prize, awarded to AE and De Haas,

8:756n, 1009c; 10:91, 106

Baur, Emil (1873–1944),

5:540n

Baur au Lac,

10:101, 110n

Bavaria

Soviet Republic in,

9:xliv, 30;

Laue fights against,

60; 10:452

union with Austria,

9:92

war with Württemberg,

6:211

Bavarian Academy of Sciences,

2:271; 8:217n, 261n

Bayrischer Schützenkorps, Laue joins,

9:60

Beatenberg, AE’s trip to,

5:5

Becher, Erich (1882–1929),

9:45n

Beck, Carl (1864–1952),

7:436n; 10:545

on Americans’ opinion of Germans,

10:545–546

offers services to AE for U.S. lecture tour,

10:546

on organizing financial aid for German and Austrian universities,

10:545–546

Beck, Emil (1881–1965),

8:441, 443; 9:7n, 16, 57; 10:79

Beck, Günther (1856–1931),

5:284n

Becker, August (1879–1953),

9:74

Becker, Carl (1876–1933),

8:953; 9:196n, 205, 217, 269n, 475, 589c, 600c, 604c, 605c; 10:357n, 569c

and academic policy in Germany,

9:206n

and Geodetic Institute,

9:194

and physics professorship at University of Bonn,

9:194

problems of education, lecture on,

10:431

on state funding for general relativistic research,

9:275n

Becker, Emma (1887–?),

5:406n

Becker, Oskar (1889–1964),

10:260

Beckman, Bengt,

10:521n

Beckmann, Ernst (1853–1923),

5:16n, 511, 598n; 9:488n

appointment of, terms of,

5:514n

on dissociation,

5:13

Beer, Fritz,

10:285

Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770–1827),

1:lxii, 21, 321n; 8:305; 10:156, 436n

Mondschein Sonata, played by Hans Albert Einstein,

10:138

Sonata pathétique, played by Hans Albert Einstein,

10:140

Behrens, Peter,

9:350n, 481

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik

AE’s reviews for,

2:xix, 109–111

Ehrenfest’s reviews for,

2:109–110

founding of,

2:109

reviewing procedures of,

2:109–110

Beilis, Mendel (1873–1934),

7:429n; 8:19n

Belgian Freemasons, against atrocities by German Army,

9:54n

Belgian intellectuals, help private commission to investigate German war crimes,

9:120

Belgium

German atrocities in,

8:347n, 702n

German soldiers provoked in,

8:929

See also Louvain

Belgrade, possible teaching position for AE and Einstein-Marić in,

5:23n

Bell Manufacturing Co.,

5:304

Belli, Giuseppe,

5:52;

induction machine of,

5:51

Beltrami, Eugenio (1835–1900),

4:343n; 8:690n

Beltrami’s first and second operators, generalized,

4:196, 205n, 215n, 217n, 220n, 330

Bendel, Hedwig,

1:321n

Benndorf, Hans (1879–1953),

9:393n, 399

Bennet, Abraham, induction machine of,

5:51

Bennett, P. R., on simultaneity of distant events,

10:600c

Bentheim (Germany),

10:247, 252;

Ehrenfest’s violin confiscated in,

247

Benzingen (Germany),

9:129n, 133n, 574c; 10:xxxvii, xlvi, 97n, 115n, 118n, 120n, 121, 123n, 128–134, 173n, 203n, 204n, 206n, 208n, 209n, 210–213, 215n, 216n, 330, 337n, 342, 343n, 346, 362, 373, 403n, 418, 420n, 430n, 444–446, 449n, 454, 459, 461, 464, 590c

Brandhuber in,

8:431n

food supply in,

8:511

foot and mouth disease in,

10:445

See also Brandhuber, Camillus; Ensingen

Berg, Otto (1874–?),

8:882, 900

Berge, von, Chief of Staff, Oberkommando in den Marken, on passport applications,

8:1016c

Berger, Joseph,

1:349

Berger, Julius (1863–1948),

9:xlvi, 153, 181n, 193, 213n, 222n;

on AE’s interest in Zionism,

198n

Bergman(n), Hugo S. (1883–1975),

7:223, 230, 447n; 8:337n; 9:xlvi, 153n, 181n, 222, 240, 316n, 352, 364, 582c

on AE’s time in Prague,

9:211

invites Courant, Ehrenfest, Epstein, Landau to Basel conference on Hebrew University,

9:240

on requirements for Hebrew University,

9:211–212, 240

solicits statement from AE on founding of Hebrew University,

9:365, 601c

Bergmann, Else Fanta (1886–1969),

9:212, 222, 241

Bergmann, Ernst (1881–1945),

9:45n; 10:260

Bergson, Henri (1859–1941),

8:491; 10:368

AE on,

10:27

Berligne, Bella,

9:353n

Berlin

AE

on advantages of living in,

10:27

compares with Zurich,

10:496

considers leaving,

10:419

declares loyalty to,

10:209, 210, 213

feels close to,

10:415

on inhabitants of,

5:574

on police in,

8:167n, 210n

on staying in,

10:429, 488

bad public security in,

8:965

child mortality rates in,

9:498

economic deprivation in,

9:498

food shortage in,

8:963n

Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule of

(see Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule, Berlin)

postwar hardship in,

9:130, 139, 252, 486

proclamation of the republic in,

10:184

rationing of clothing in,

10:48n

residences of AE in

Ehrenbergstraße 33,

10:22n

Haberlandstraße 5,

10:xxxii, 106, 114, 120–121, 131, 133;

plan of,

8:562n

Wittelsbacherstraße 13,

10:xxxii, 106, 121, 131n

scientific life in,

10:364–365

strikes in,

9:130n

Technische Hochschule of

(see Technische Hochschule Berlin)

University of

(see University of Berlin)

See also Abbé, F.; Meissners

Berlin, Greater, municipal council of, contributes to a planned Einstein institute,

10:570c, 575c, 577c

Berlin Jewish Community Council.

See Jüdische Gemeinde Berlin, Vorstand

Berlin newspapers, and eclipse expedition of 1919,

9:238n

Berlin Philharmonic.

See Philharmonic Hall, Berlin

Berlin-Babelsberg, observatory at.

See Royal Prussian Observatory

Berliner, Arnold (1862–1942),

6:231, 232n; 7:102–103, 121n; 8:59, 640, 648, 655, 902n, 974n, 994c, 1028c; 9:xxxiv, 31–32, 156, 157n, 252, 258, 386, 388n, 472, 614c; 10:xxxviii, 275, 419n, 426, 444, 509

on anti-relativists,

10:382

Nordström, requests AE’s opinion on paper of,

8:950

proposes new edition of Einstein 1918k,

10:382

on publication of AE’s opinion on book by Schmidt,

10:505–506

Schneider, requests AE’s opinion on dissertation of,

10:382

Berliner Goethebund,

8:187, 193, 200. See also Einstein, Albert: Politics

Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung,

7:xxxii; 10:xxxviii

Berliner Tageblatt,

7:xxxix, xl, 106, 109–110, 124n, 220n, 225–226, 282n, 297n, 340n, 348n, 443n, 444n; 10:xxxviii, xxxix

abandonment of pacifism during the war,

9:28n;

AE on,

28, 306

political perspectives,

9:29n

See also Wolff, Theodor

Berliner Zeitung am Mittag,

7:108

Bern,

10:224

AE on,

1:332

AE’s feeling of loneliness in,

10:497

AE’s stay in,

1:xxxvii, 326, 327n, 331–340 passim, 376, 377

conference in,

10:271

University of

(see University of Bern)

Bernays, Paul (1888–1977),

7:62n; 8:933, 950; 10:54

critique of special relativity,

6:11, 18n

on philosophy of Nelson,

8:934

solid body in general relativity, discussion with AE on,

8:934–935, 951

Bernheim, ?,

1:272

Bernheimer (Bernheim), Jette.

See Koch, Jette

Bernheim-Karrer, Jakob (1868–1958),

8:454; 10:72, 75

Bernoulli, August (1879–1939),

5:390n, 478n; 6:39n; 9:301, 315, 329

AE on,

5:390; 6:32, 39n; 9:487

University of Basel, appointment to chair at,

5:456n;

AE on,

455, 468

Bernoulli, Johann I,

5:469n

Bernoulli, Johann II,

5:469n

Bernstein, Aaron (1812–1884),

1:lxii

Bernstein, Eduard (1850–1932),

8:869n, 961n

Bertrand, Joseph (1822–1900),

2:119

Berufsamt für Akademiker E.V.,

9:610c, 611c

Besso, Bice (1890–1965), tutored by Winteler-Einstein,

5:12n

Besso, Ermina (1852–1922), Michele Besso visits,

5:47n

Besso, Giuseppe (1839–1901),

1:267, 303, 304n, 305, 309, 378

Besso, Marco (1843–1920),

8:581n; 10:135

Besso, Marco Tullio (1880–1898),

1:215

Besso, Maria.

See Ruiz, Maria Besso

Besso, Michele (1873–1955),

1:230n, 258, 266, 282–283, 300, 303, 306, 330; 2:178, 264, 306, 309n, 310n, 408n; 4:110, 344–346, 356–359, 618; 5:11n, 18n, 32n, 40, 187n, 204n; 8:9, 48n, 51n, 91, 178n, 198, 201, 203, 210, 213, 218, 220n, 223, 250, 257n, 279, 281, 283, 285, 286, 315, 318, 320, 324, 329–332, 338n, 339, 347, 367, 372, 390n, 402n, 404, 408, 409, 441, 443, 446, 451, 455, 477, 497, 501n, 502, 509n, 511, 512n, 515, 568, 574, 590, 598, 615n, 755, 801, 814, 831, 835, 853, 858, 864, 870, 904, 958; 9:74n, 79, 129n, 130n, 293, 340n, 342, 374n, 486–487, 500, 530; 10:xxxii, 37, 39, 42, 44–45, 48–49, 57, 62, 67–70, 72, 75, 78–79, 81, 83, 98–99, 115, 123–124, 135–137, 142, 153n, 160–161, 164, 171, 175, 175n, 180, 191, 343, 346, 384, 512, 540, 591c

address in Zurich,

8:280n

AE

advises to take vacation,

8:998c

asks for help of in understanding general relativity,

8:305

auditor of in Bern,

8:287

called closest friend of,

8:815

on character of,

10:43, 116

collaboration with,

8:102n, 210n, 212n, 236n

collaboration with on perihelion motion of Mercury

(see Perihelion motion of Mercury, AE’s and Besso’s manuscript on)

compassion with,

8:669

on divorce and remarriage of,

8:188, 832n

on duties of to Einstein-Marić,

8:188

encourages Hans Albert Einstein to visit,

8:219–220

friendship with,

8:815; 10:44

on himself as sounding board for,

10:540

on inaugural lecture of as gesture toward Lorentz,

10:540

invites,

8:189

knows way of thinking of,

10:384

lectures on papers of,

8:305

on meeting with sons of,

8:188

plays music with,

8:446n

on sensitivity of,

8:318n

AE invites to: Berlin,

8:515;

Prague,

5:295

AE misunderstands salutation of,

8:317, 318;

AE on,

1:258, 282–283, 285

AE thanks

for helping Einstein-Marić and sons,

8:311

for hospitality,

8:497, 511

for supporting Adler,

8:451, 453

AE visits,

8:168, 283, 284

Besso, Marco, works in library of in Rome,

8:569n, 581n, 598n, 669n, 851; 10:136

Besso-Winteler, Anna, relation to,

8:788

biography,

1:378–379

Buddhist character of, AE on,

9:326

on coal shortage in Switzerland,

8:581

departure from Zurich for Trieste,

5:531

on dissociation,

5:13

Einstein, Eduard

accused by AE of spending too much on hospitalization of,

10:143n

on illness of,

10:103

Einstein, Hans Albert

on correspondence with,

8:234

on feelings of toward AE,

8:212, 219

praises,

10:346

Einstein-Marić

discussion with on meeting AE,

8:281n

on duties of to AE,

8:188

on feelings of toward AE,

8:212

helps,

8:311

on illness of,

8:316, 321

on reserve fund for,

8:581

visits,

8:209

electron theory of metals, on paper by Oseen on,

8:445

expert opinions, works on,

8:445

general relativity, draft of lecture on,

8:305n

Gorizia, move to,

5:296n

and Guillaume,

10:xlviii

ill in Prague,

5:531

intellect and character, praised for,

10:43

intends to join a monastery,

9:161, 170

intends to return to Swiss Patent Office,

9:190, 293, 326

interdisciplinarity, praised for,

10:188

intermediary between AE and Einstein-Marić ,

8:321

in Krummenau,

8:189n

lectures on patent law at ETH,

10:188

marriage to Anna Besso-Winteler,

1:2581n, 388

on past and present,

10:177

patent law, lectures on,

8:284, 287, 304, 330n, 444, 452, 580

on perihelion motion of Mercury,

8:373, 374

on redshift,

10:541

on relationship between AE and Einstein-Marić,

1:266, 314

on relativity,

8:81

on reversibility and irreversibility of time,

10:176

on rotating magnets in general relativity,

10:354

sails with AE in Zurich,

10:41

on Schwarzschild solution,

8:373–374

as sounding board for AE’s ideas on physics,

1:xl, 225, 258, 285

on Spinoza,

10:177

Stodola’s lectures at ETH, attends,

5:219n

Swiss Patent Office, appointment at,

5:41n

unworldliness of,

9:170n

urges Weyl to publish Raum–Zeit–Materie,

8:663

visit to Zurich in fall 1919,

9:190

visits AE

in Lucerne,

10:114, 116

in Prague,

5:314

in Zurich,

5:524n

visits Ermina Besso in Trieste,

5:47

visits Zangger,

8:940

on Weyl’s theory,

10:176, 354

Winteler, Rosa, wedding witness of,

10:101n

and Winteler-Einstein, financial problems of,

5:16n

Besso, Vero (1898–1971),

1:258, 378; 5:12n, 187n, 322, 339, 382, 404, 438n, 589, 604; 8:189, 285, 350, 404, 444, 445n, 446n, 451, 497, 667, 941; 9:294n; 10:103, 135, 151, 153, 349

AE proposes practical work for,

10:349

AE’s gifts to,

5:310, 438

defends Besso-Winteler,

10:151–152

engaged to Brönnimann,

10:541

private instruction of,

5:296

visits AE,

10:114

Winteler-Einstein, on character of,

10:152

Besso family,

5:186; 10:102

Besso-Winteler, Anna (1872–1944),

1:12, 18n, 258, 267, 378, 388; 5:3, 3n, 12n, 187n, 320n, 322, 339, 344n, 382, 589, 604; 8:318, 351, 497, 511, 598, 633, 677n, 678; 9:4n, 294, 342; 10:xxxii, 63, 98, 116, 128, 136, 148, 150n, 153n, 154, 171

AE

bill for,

8:665, 666

on female members of family of,

8:669n

harsh letter to,

8:788, 815

on plan of remarriage of,

8:668–669

on marriage of,

10:148, 152–153, 160, 17

on AE neglecting his sons,

10:90

AE squabbles with,

8:819

burdened with work,

10:102

character of, AE on,

10:116

Einstein-Marić

on housekeeping of,

8:1032, 1033

offends,

8:788; 10:164

praised by AE for financial help to,

10:136

takes care of,

8:515

home of as potential boardinghouse for Eduard Einstein,

10:134

ill,

8:374, 941

takes care of AE,

10:129

visits AE,

10:114

Winteler-Einstein, feelings regarding,

10:152

Bestelmeyer, Adolf (1875–?),

2:272

Beta rays,

2:586; 3:173; 4:545, 554, 613; 6:458; 8:706

deflectability of,

2:270, 305–306, 368, 372n, 458

experiments on mass of electrons in,

2:267, 272, 459–461 (see also Kaufmann, Walter: experimants on electron mass)

kinetic energy of electrons in,

2:458

See also Cathode rays; Electrons

Bethanienheim hospital,

8:443, 452n, 458n; 10:xxxiii, 79

Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von (1856–1921),

8:507n, 524n; 9:13n;

open letter to,

8:997c

Beugger, Selina (1828–1901),

1:58n

Bezirksgericht,

8:885n, 960n, 971n

Bianchi identities,

7:139n, 180n, 183n, 456n;

contracted,

8:229n, 230, 236, 238, 646, 689n

Bible,

9:143

Bibliothèque Nationale,

9:284

Bidlingmaier, Friedrich (1875–1914),

8:61

Bie, Oscar (1864–1938),

9:392

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:392–393

Bieberbach, Ludwig (1886–1982),

9:142

Biegel, R. A.,

5:540n

Bielersee accident,

8:185

Binary stars,

8:88, 91, 214, 470, 560;

observations of, in test of emission theory of light,

5:523, 524n, 555, 555n

Biological selection,

9:506. See also Kammerer, Paul

Biot-Savart law,

1:201; 2:523; 4:14; 7:526–527

Birencweig, Gabryela,

5:244

Birge, Edward (1851–1950), approaches University of California regarding AE’s lecture tour in U.S.,

10:523n–524n

Birkeland, Kristian (1867–1917),

8:370

Bismarck, Otto von (1815–1898),

8:341, 342n, 507n, 872, 959; 10:463

Bjerkén, Pehr (1859–1919),

8:370

Bjerknes, Carl (1825–1903),

10:462

Bjerknes, Vilhelm (1862–1951),

10:488

on AE’s invitation to University of Oslo,

10:462

on gravitation and inertia,

10:462

Bjerrum, Niels (1879–1958),

10:313

rotational spectra, theory of,

9:457, 458n

spectrum of HCl,

10:356, 443

Black body,

2:134, 167n

Black-body radiation,

2:106, 134, 151, 152, 155, 163, 167n, 180, 350, 472, 543, 576–582; 3:xx, 423n, 457, 506n, 545n, 562n; 4:100, 109, 154, 167, 270, 280, 288, 322, 561, 562; 6:366–368, 382, 383, 390; 8:673

AE on,

1:235–237, 294–295

AE’s reading of Planck’s papers on,

1:xl

AE’s study of,

2:xx, 135; 5:26, 27n

application of statistical mechanics to,

2:99, 105–107

energy density of,

2:375; 3:178n, 451–452, 455n, 539, 562n

energy fluctuations of,

2:xviii, xx, 105, 106, 134, 139, 146, 213, 214, 545–546, 551n–552n, 585; 3:xviii, xix, 177, 178n, 451–454, 454n–455n, 533–539, 546n, 556

energy spectrum of,

2:108n, 134, 135, 375, 377n, 379

entropy of,

2:137, 155–157, 160, 375–376, 575

AE’s criticism of Planck’s views on,

5:49

Planck on,

5:49

experimental studies of,

2:144, 167n, 168n, 173, 551n

momentum fluctuations in,

2:215, 546–547, 552n, 583n

Planck law for,

1:287n; 2:xx, 134, 136–137, 138, 139, 141, 144, 146, 154, 167n, 168n, 172, 180, 182, 218, 338, 345n, 351, 357n, 358n, 376, 382, 390n, 545–549, 575, 577, 581, 582;

derivation of,

134–137, 146, 180, 351–352, 486n–487n; 3:xviii, 249, 281n, 284, 413, 422, 451, 454n–455n, 457, 506n, 524, 530–531, 534, 537, 543, 545n, 560; 4:112, 113, 115, 121, 270–273, 275–284, 289–292, 553, 562; 5:41, 579; 6:21–22, 30, 255, 364, 376, 377n, 382, 390, 395;

AE’s derivations of,

6:30–35, 366–368, 370n, 383, 387–388; 10:49, 347

AE’s and Stern’s derivation of, AE’s rejection of,

5:541

incompatibility with classical electrodynamics,

5:166, 171

Lorentz’s derivation of,

5:166, 172–173

simple derivation of,

8:329, 330, 332–333

Planck’s theory of,

2:xxi, 99, 135–136, 143, 145, 153–154, 167n, 180, 350–354, 379–383, 404–405, 501n, 502n, 543, 550, 575–577, 583n

pressure fluctuations in,

2:xx, 134, 138–139, 146, 546–547, 552n, 579–580

Rayleigh-Jeans law for,

2:46, 137–138, 144, 167n, 377n, 381, 390n, 543, 546, 549, 550, 551n, 552n; 3:253n, 268n, 270, 279–280, 281n, 423n, 545n; 4:272, 280, 554; 5:359, 579; 6:382, 388; 8:445n

connection with classical mechanics and electrodynamics,

5:568

Lorentz’s proof of, AE’s criticism of,

5:192

and specific heat,

3:521–530

Stefan-Boltzmann law for,

2:106, 375; 5:27n

theory of,

2:99; 3:xxiii, 522

Weber’s semi-empirical law for,

2:108n, 135

Weber’s work on,

1:197n

Wien displacement law for,

2:54, 108, 135, 138, 375, 552n, 576; 5:27n, 41; 6:37, 40n, 368, 370n, 382, 388; 8:332, 445

AE’s use of,

5:42n

Besso on,

5:342

Jeans’s derivation of,

5:84n, 167

Wien distribution law for,

2:54, 136, 140, 157, 161, 163, 168n, 350, 354, 375, 545, 549, 55ln–552n, 580; 3:543, 555; 4:109–113, 115, 120, 121, 283, 291, 562; 6:382

Ehrenfest’s derivation of,

5:339

role of in AE’s work on photochemical equivalence,

5:413, 442

Thomson’s derivation of,

5:74n

See also Radiation; Radiation theory

Blanck, Anton (1881–1951),

9:285

Blaschke, Wilhelm (1885–1962),

10:337

invites AE to lecture in Hamburg,

9:616c

University of Hamburg, solicits AE’s opinion on candidates for chair at,

10:613c

Blasius, Heinrich (1883–1970),

9:123

Blau (Osramwerke),

9:462, 464

Blausee, AE’s and Solovine’s trip to,

5:27

Bleier, August (1882–1958), support for Leviné,

9:71

Bleuler, Eugen (1857–1939),

10:284n

Bloch, Helmut, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:393–394

Bloch, Werner (1890–1973),

3:7, 600; 9:115, 235, 520, 588c; 10:94, 138, 566c

AE on book by,

10:94

Blochmann, Richard, requests information on KWIP funding,

8:1025c

Blok, Petrus,

9:321n; 10:267n

Blondel, André-Eugène (1863–1938),

5:384n;

oscillograph of,

5:383

Blue of the sky,

6:577. See also Smoluchowski, Marion von

Blumenfeld, Kurt (1884–1963),

7:229–232, 234–235; 8:964n

meets with AE

9:181n, 193

Blumenthal, ?,

9:434n

Blumenthal, Otto (1876–1944),

2:254; 9:317, 449, 591c, 602c. See also Mathematische Annalen

Blumer, Dietrich,

9:139n

B’nai B’rith, Independent Order of Berlin,

9:610c

BNV.

See Bund “Neues Vaterland”

Boas, Franz (1858–1942),

7:494n, 495n

Boas, Ismar (1858–1938),

8:402n, 407, 410, 446, 452n, 855n, 920; 10:68, 74–75, 85, 101n

diagnoses AE with: gallstones,

10:74;

liver condition,

70, 72

proposes drinking cure for AE,

10:70

Bodmer-Weber, Fritz,

1:270, 271

Boëthius,

5:144n

Boguslavsky, Sergei (1883–1923),

10:471, 515, 516

Böhi, Paul (1883–1943),

2:217; 5:339n; 10:13n

doctorate of,

5:298n

experiments with Zangger on Brownian motion,

5:298n

Bohlin, H.,

9:556c, 560c, 567c, 570c

Böhmisch-Trübau,

5:423

Bohr, Niels (1885–1962),

6:147; 8:158, 326, 463, 561, 671, 706, 783, 784, 862, 913; 9:xlix, 15, 16n, 22, 110, 165, 166n, 216, 228, 351, 598c, 614c

AE praises,

10:364

on AE’s radiation theory,

9:390n

AE’s sympathy for,

10:244, 246

atom model of,

9:xlviii, 18, 75, 112, 124, 223n, 237, 369n, 458n;

AE on,

9:459

Berlin, lecture in,

10:244n

bigwig-free colloquium of,

10:322n

Copenhagen

AE visits in,

10:580c

invites AE to meet in,

10:321

pleased with AE’s planned visit to,

10:321

Dahlem, has lunch with AE in,

10:322n

enthusiam for AE,

9:351

meetings with AE in 1920,

10:xlvii, 321, 532

second rule of,

6:369, 388, 395

sends butter to AE,

10:244

Solvay Congress, Third: invited to,

10:303;

planned lecture at,

10:303

on Stern,

10:353

theory of spectra of,

6:364, 368, 388; 10:313

visits Leyden,

9:145

Bohr quantum condition,

7:484, 487n

Bohr-Norlund, Margrethe (1889–1884),

10:321

Boiling process,

1:123–130

Bois, Henri du (1863–1918),

5:549n

Bolle, Co., contractor of Potsdam tower telescope,

10:582c

Bolsheviks,

8:919

Bolshevism

AE on,

9:387

AE on success of,

9:387

agitation by,

7:241n

fear of,

7:225;

in Holland,

9:503

in Germany,

9:34n;

AE expects success of,

29

in Switzerland, AE on fears of,

9:306

theories of leaders of, AE on

7:125n

views on anti-Semitism,

7:429n

Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906),

1:264, 265, 266, 273, 331n, 335; 2:xxiv, xxv–xxvi, 4, 40n, 42, 43, 44, 46, 142, 207, 217, 252, 252n, 376, 379; 3:xxii–xxiii, 7, 180, 289, 506, 506n, 532, 550; 4:529–532, 534n, 562; 5:18n, 99, 300, 411; 6:424, 577; 8:3, 4n, 21, 25, 30n, 483n, 897; 9:47, 470; 10:323n

AE committed to approach of,

2:46, 99, 102–103, 107n, 158, 207–208, 376

AE criticizes,

2: 48–49, 52, 175, 207–208, 217, 543–544

AE improves upon,

2:47, 158, 545

AE on,

10:329, 340

AE’s interest in work of,

2:46, 211

and canonical ensemble,

2:48–49

on dissociation of gases,

10:15

on elegance,

10:328

and entropy,

2:44, 110; 5:87 (see also Boltzmann principle)

and equipartition theorem,

2:45–46, 49, 108n

and ergodicity,

2:49

Festschrift for,

2:44, 110, 121, 123, 128,

and gas diffusion,

2:252, 252n

Gastheorie,

3:7–8

AE’s reading of,

1:xxxix, 230, 260–261, 262, 265, 294, 315; 2:4, 43, 44, 48, 67, 207, 211, 336, 376

H-function of,

10:283, 292n

and kinetic theory of gases,

2:48, 57, 73n–74n, 102, 136, 175, 336, 543, 575; 4:529–532, 534n (see also Kinetic theory of gases: Maxwell-Boltzmann tradition in)

succeeded by Hasenöhrl,

5:413n

terminology of,

2:75n, 96n

and Van der Waals’s theory of fluids,

2:4

See also Complexions; Entropy: Boltzmann’s interpretation of

Boltzmann distribution,

2:167n, 216; 6:384; 10:347, 369n

for stars,

6:542

See also Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution

Boltzmann equation,

2:393; 3:506, 551–556

Boltzmann principle,

2:xx, xxvi, 41, 107n, 137, 158, 235n; 3:xxvi–xxvii, 250, 285, 287–290, 310, 311n, 506, 532–533, 535, 537–538, 556–558, 562n; 4:532, 534n, 562; 5:282; 6:30, 36–37, 39n, 366, 376, 385; 8:20–22, 26, 28, 555, 865

AE on validity of,

5:310, 321

AE’s definition of probability in,

2:214

AE’s inversion of,

2:138–139

AE’s lecture on,

5:257n

AE’s lectures on statistical mechanics and,

3:599

AE’s naming of,

2:159, 168n

in AE’s paper on opalescence,

5:256

AE’s use of,

2:xx, 54, 146, 159–161, 214, 235n

applied to radiation by Laue,

5:42n

definition of probability in,

2:52, 136, 137, 139, 158, 214, 544, 575

and ergodic hypothesis,

3:287

and fluctuations,

2:139; 3:xxviii, 285, 297, 535

and irreversibility,

3:xxvii, 289, 550–552

and quanta,

3:xxvii

universal validity of,

2:146

Weiß’s application of,

5:166n

See also Entropy: and probability; Probability

Boltzmann’s constant,

2:53–54, 75n, 108n, 167n, 344n, 390n; 3:253n, 413, 414n, 450–454, 454n–455n, 524, 557; 4:562; 5:27n; 6:366, 384

AE’s interpretation of,

2:xix

AE’s value for,

2:108n

definition of,

2:136

Bolza, Hans (1889–1986),

10:516

Boni, Nell,

7:443n

Bonn, University of.

See University of Bonn

Bonnin,

2:326, 326n

Book Center for German Prisoners of War, Bern,

9:323n

Book export control in Germany,

9:605c

Borchardt, Moritz,

8:656, 815n

Borel, Emile (1871–1956),

9:537n, 602c, 604c;

and Revue du Mois,

9:395

Borel and Cie.,

5:240n

Borgius, Walther (1870–1932), on problem of obtaining scholarly literature in Germany,

9:514

Bormann, Elisabeth,

10:336n

Born, Gritli (1915–2000),

8:819n; 10:336n

Born, Hedwig (1882–1972),

8:637, 835, 839, 1025c; 9:4–5, 142, 205–206, 223n, 226n, 230, 242, 304n, 386, 388, 460, 516, 524n; 10:315, 419, 442

AE on temper of,

10:495

on AE’s peace of mind,

10:416–417

correspondence with Elsa Einstein,

9:402n, 597c

criticizes Einstein 1920f,

10:416–417

on death,

10:360–361

death of mother of,

10:336

invites AE to stay with them,

10:361, 416

on Max Born’s plans to lecture in the U.S.,

10:442

Moszkowski’s book on AE, against publication of,

10:xl, 447–449;

AE on,

10:495

poems of,

8:336, 1003c, 1007c, 1019c

on AE’s rise to fame,

9:591c

on how to obtain professorship,

9:207n

on reading Wilhelm Busch,

9:206

on Strindberg’s Blaubuch,

9:206

style of, AE on,

9:280

on Tree of Knowledge,

9:143, 200, 230

Born, Irene (1914–2003),

8:819n; 10:336n

Born, Max (1882–1970),

2:427n, 504; 3:449n, 475n, 478–479; 4:509, 511n; 5:81n, 233n, 251n, 257, 277n, 446n, 461n, 496n; 6:407; 7:xxi, 43n, 99n, 345; 8:601, 753, 759, 813, 825, 944n, 1008c; 9:xxx, xlviii, xlix, 4–5, 65n, 86n, 142, 174, 201, 229, 242, 280, 282, 313, 323, 386, 459, 463–464, 515–516, 582c, 611c; 10:28, 276, 419, 442, 448, 466, 468

on academic policy in Germany,

9:206n

accelerated motion in special relativity, study of,

5:486

as adviser for Mathematische Annalen,

9:317

AE

finds childish,

10:460

finds has poor ability to judge human character,

10:471–472

AE advises to stay in Frankfurt,

9:460

and anti-relativists,

7:102

in Bad Nauheim,

7:111, 355, 359n

on Bad Nauheim meeting,

7:109

Boguslavsky, on help for,

10:471, 515–516

book on relativity of

Schlick on,

10:455

Zangger on,

10:513

book on structure of matter of, Zangger on,

10:513

and chair funded by Moritz N. Oppenheim,

9:142

on distant sound detection,

8:638n, 760n

dynamical theory of crystal lattices of,

9:85n

exchange of positions with Laue,

8:472, 576n, 621, 655n, 953;

AE encourages,

8:637

helps Nordström,

8:818

on irreversible processes in crystals,

10:516

lecture tour in U.S.

asks AE for help in getting invitations for,

10:454

on plan for,

10:460

letter to Becker on academic matters,

9:194n;

AE on,

194, 200

on Lorentz,

10:471–472

on materialism,

9:143

on mean free path of silver atoms in air,

10:336, 360

Moszkowski’s book on AE, against publication of,

10:xl, 459–460, 469, 471

photo of,

8:835, 839

on position for Rausch von Traubenberg,

9:291

praises Krutkov,

10:472

quantum theory of specific heat, work on,

5:480, 505

relativistic definition of rigidity of,

10:10

relativity, general

lectures on,

9:255, 386

paper on,

8:266

enthusiasm for,

8:263

relativity, newspaper article on,

9:255, 280

requests KWIP funding for measurement of molecular velocities, vapor pressure, molecular diffusion, X-ray spectroscopy,

9:571c

rigid motion, relativistic: definition of,

2:427n;

paper on,

5:211n, 232

on Schlick’s Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre,

9:204

as substitute lecturer for AE,

9:610c

University of Berlin, extraordinary professor at,

8:165n

University of Frankfurt, on candidates for his chair at,

10:335–336, 516

University of Göttingen, appointment to chair at,

9:434, 440, 516; 10:304, 335–336, 361

University of Zurich, candidacy for chair at, AE on,

5:445

See also Relativity, special theory of: rigid motion in

Börnstein, Richard Leopold (1852–1913),

1:197n

Borntraeger, offers to publish works produced by KWIP,

8:1013c

Börsen-Verein der deutschen Buchhändler,

9:605c

Bos, Martinus van den,

8:837, 858n, 864

Bosch, Carl (1874–1940),

9:177; 10:372

Bošcović, Ruder (1784–1846),

10:6n

Bose, Emil (1874–1911),

5:98n

receives manuscript by AE,

5:98

succession of in La Plata,

5:309n

Bossard, Konrad, ?,

9:340n; 10:236

Bosshard, Emil,

8:916n

Bosshardt, Arnold,

1:240, 241

Bosshart, Jakob (1862–1924),

5:91n;

on vacancy at Zurich Gymnasium,

5:91

Bota, Milana,

1:244, 245n

Bothe, Walther (1891–1957),

7:487n

Bottlinger, Kurt (1888–1934),

7:xxviii, 142, 144, 146n

Boundary conditions,

2:512, 532, 535n.

at infinity,

8:349, 359n, 553, 557, 606–607, 612–613, 630

See also Electromagnetic field: boundary conditions for; Relativity, general theory of: boundary conditions in

Bournemouth.

See British Association for the Advancement of Science, meeting at Bournemouth

Bousfield, William (1854–1943),

2:178, 179

Bouvier, Bernard (1861–1941),

7:334n

and relief for postwar Poland,

9:204

Bowlker, Thomas,

7:478n, 480

Boyle-Gay-Lussac law,

2:160, 168n, 324

Boyle-Mariotte’s law (Boyle’s law),

1:78, 79, 139, 143; 3:308

Brachistochrone,

3:53

Bradley, James (1693–1762),

7:246

Bradt, Gustav (1869–1928),

9:169n

Bragg lattices,

9:210

Bragg, William Henry (1862–1942),

9:114, 214; 10:303n

lecture at Second Solvay Congress,

5:563n, 562

lecture on X-ray diffraction,

4:554n

Bragg, William Lawrence (1890–1971),

9:211n;

X-ray diffraction, theory of,

5:519n

Brahms, Johannes (1833–1897),

1:321n;

Hans Albert Einstein plays works of,

10:xxxii

Brand, Rudolf (1887–1967),

10:101n

Brandeis, Louis (1856–1941),

7:233–235

Brandenberger, Konrad (1873–1919),

1:250

Brandhuber, Camillus (1860–1931),

8:431n, 512; 10:97n, 115n, 122n, 123, 173n, 215n, 343n

AE cancels visit,

10:123, 211

AE plans to visit,

8:284; 10:119, 128, 202, 204, 206–210, 212n, 330, 349n, 362, 418

AE praises,

8:511

AE takes long walks with,

8:512n

AE visits,

9:129, 130, 131, 133, 574c; 10:130–131, 133, 213, 445, 446, 459, 464

copy of Einstein 1917a for,

10:446

health problems of,

10:454

invites AE,

10:128, 129

views of, AE on,

10:131, 133

See also Benzingen

Brandhuber, Fidelia,

8:512n; 9:130–131, 133; 10:213, 445, 454

Brandhuber, Inge,

9:130–131; 10:213

Brändli, Hans (1897–?),

9:192

Brandt, ?,

8:960n

Braude, Markus (1869–1949),

8:772, 773

Brauer, August (1863–1917),

10:134

Braumüller, A., Kommandant der Residenz Berlin, requests information on AE from PAW,

8:1001c

Braun, K. F., nominated for membership of PAW,

8:992c

Braun, Konrad von (1859–?),

5:273n

Braune, Hermann,

5:244

Bredig, Georg (1868–1944),

3:406, 407n; 5:514n; 10:12

Bredow, Raimund,

5:145, 145n

Bremsstrahlung,

9:22–23

Brenner, Ernst (1856–1911),

1:339; 5:201n

Brentano, Franz (1838–1917),

7:80n; 10:261n

Brentano, Lujo (1844–1931),

8:737

Breslau.

See Technical University of Breslau

Breslauer, ?,

10:602c

Brill, Alexander von (1842–1935),

6:133n

book by, AE’s review of,

6:132

Brillouin, Léon (1889–1969), on signal velocity,

5:60

Brillouin, Marcel (1854–1948),

3:xxvii, 508; 5:300, 302n, 349, 522n; 9:113; 10:303n

Briner, Emile (1879–1965),

9:303n, 315, 329

British Association for the Advancement of Science, meeting in Bournemouth,

7:xxx, 201n, 210n; 9:xxxv, 167n, 186

British House of Commons,

7:210n

British science,

7:xxx–xxxi, 111, 206, 210n, 213, 431

Brod, Max (1884–1968), AE on book by,

8:337n

Brodetsky, Selig (1888–1954),

9:255n

Brodnitz, Julius (1866–1936),

9:490

Broek, Antonius van den (1870–1926),

9:502

Broglie, Maurice de (1875–1960),

3:519n; 4:559n; 5:300, 301n; 10:381;

Third Solvay Congress, planned lecture at,

303

Brönnimann, Lydia,

10:541n

Brose, Henry (1890–1965),

9:320n, 336, 347n, 528; 10:256, 455

Brouwer, Luitzen E. J. (1881–1966),

8:289; 9:333, 352

Brown, Robert (1773–1858),

2:208

Brownian motion,

2:xvii, 42, 172, 211, 224, 416, 491, 551n; 3:7, 246n, 283–284, 508n, 509, 550; 4:185, 529–531; 5:271, 520; 6:33, 365, 376, 389, 398n, 577, 579n; 8:287, 330, 364, 801, 861, 902–903, 916, 941; 10:294

AE on first paper on,

5:31

AE’s derivation of laws of,

2:xix–xx, xxviii, 139, 206–222, 224–235, 334–344, 497–500

AE’s and Smoluchowski’s work on,

3:245n–246n, 268n, 284, 311n, 423n

in colloidal solutions,

2:181, 209–210, 224–235, 399–400

in conductors,

2:206, 343, 491

experimental study of,

2:41, 206, 211, 236n, 334, 396, 400n, 557–558, 559n;

AE on,

219–222

and fluctuations,

3:xviii, 450–451, 575

fundamental role of dissipation in,

2:210

Gouy’s objections to AE’s theory of,

5:44

influence of elastic force on,

2:337–338, 345n

influence of gravity on,

3:223–224, 245n, 450–451, 454n

kinetic theory of,

2:217–218

mean square displacement of,

2:212, 234, 342, 408, 399, 500

probability distribution for,

2:213, 341–342

of mirror in radiation field,

2:139, 146, 215, 546–547, 552n; 3:454

photographs of,

2:557–558, 559n

and related electrical phenomena,

2:214, 221–222, 343, 396

reprint edition of AE’s papers on,

2:206, 207

rotational,

2:334, 342–343, 345n; 3:224, 227–228, 245n–246n;

Perrin’s work on,

5:216

in suspensions,

2:xix– xx, 224–235

Svedberg’s work on,

5:217

temperature dependence of,

2:339, 341, 498

theoretical study of,

2:208–210, 398–400, 496–500

translational,

2:334, 344

viscosity dependence of,

2:408

Zangger’s experiments with Böhi on,

5:296–298

See also Smoluchowski, Marian von; Svedberg, The

Bruckner, Anton (1824–1896),

8:550

Bruggmann, Emil,

5:244

Bruins, Eva (1885–?),

5:524n, 540n, 580n

Brunn, Albert von (1880–1940),

7:146n, 196–198n

Brussels,

3: xxvii, 544n; 10:xliv

Brussels, Free University of.

See University of Brussels, Free

Bryce Report 1915,

9:43n

Bryn Mawr College,

8:436n

Buber, Martin (1878–1965),

9:241n, 353n, 558c

Bucek, Auguste (1873–?),

1:314

Buchau am Federsee, Germany,

1:xlviii, xlix, 1n

Bucherer, Alfred (1863–1927),

2:254; 5:50n, 187n, 190; 8:900, 908, 913

AE cites,

2:307n, 310n, 461

Cunningham, discussion with,

5:134, 135n, 137–138

Kaufmann’s work, comments on at Cologne GDNÄ meeting,

5:138n

Lorentz-Einstein equation, supports,

2:254, 272

Lorentz-Einstein theory, use of term,

5:135n

on equivalence of mass and energy,

5:147, 148

on force in electrodynamics,

5:148

principle of relativity, objections to,

5:50, 50n

principle of relativity of,

5:135n

relativity, discussion with Planck on,

5:50n

specific charge of electron, experimental determination of,

3:173, 176n; 5:133–134, 135n, 136–138

See also Beta rays: experiments on mass of electrons in; Electrons: Bucherer’s model of

Buchholz, Hans,

1:350, 351

Buchholz, Hugo (1866–1921),

10:357, 416, 453

recommended by AE,

10:357

Wende on position for,

10:453

Büchner, Ludwig (1824–1899),

1:lxii

Bucky, Gustav, on KWIP funding of X-ray research,

8:1022c–1023c

Budapest,

10:482;

Einstein-Marić in,

5:22

Budde, Emil,

8:828

Buddha,

9:326

Buek, Otto (1873–1966),

6:71n

character of,

8:382, 831, 835

signs Manifesto to the Europeans,

8:832n

Bühler, Johann,

1:20, 55, 241

Buisson, Henri,

5:316, 317n

Bulgaria.

See World War I

Bund Deutscher Gelehrter und Künstler,

9:357

Bund für Mutterschutz,

9:203n

Bund “Neues Vaterland” (BNV),

7:124n, 216n–217n, 333n, 366n, 491n; 8:103, 118n, 151n, 170, 171n, 174n, 187, 342n, 759n, 837n, 961n, 1000c, 1029; 9:33n, 203n, 314n, 565c; 10:36n, 433; 8:103, 118n, 151n, 170, 171n, 174n, 187, 342n, 759n, 837n, 961n, 1000c, 1029

AE joins,

8:151n, 996c

AE’s speech to,

7:123–124, 216

contribution to international reconciliation,

7:216

Democratic Party, relation to,

8:948

disbandment of,

8:343n

executive committee of,

8:947

German Foreign Office, cooperates with,

8:104n

history of,

8:104n

manifesto by,

7:124n

National Assembly, circular for support of,

8:947

purpose and goals of,

7:124n

reconstitution of,

8:930–931

spring 1919 appeal against civil war,

9:106n

wartime aims of,

7:124n

See also Einstein, Albert: Politics

Bund für proletarische Kultur,

9:299n

Bund zum Ziel,

8:869, 871

Bundesrealgymnasium, Vienna,

7:101

Burgdorf Technical School.

See Technikum Burgdorf

Burgers, Johannes (1895–1981),

9:145, 150, 502

dissertation of,

8:961

multiply-periodic systems, paper on,

8:386

quantum theory of rotating atom, paper on,

8:466, 468

Bürgerwehr,

9:60

Burghold, Julius (1860–1923),

7:300n; 9:514, 533, 605c

Buridan’s ass, Heine’s poem on,

5:325n–326n; 9:339

Burke, Edmund (1729–1797),

9:79

Burkhard,

2:198

Burkhardt, Heinrich (1861–1914),

2:176, 184, 203n; 5:36n, 188;

on AE’s dissertation,

36

Burlington House.

See Royal Society of London: joint meeting with Royal Astronomical Society at Burlington House

Busch, Wilhelm (1832–1908),

5:572, 573n; 8:39n;

Hedwig Born on,

9:206

Büsching, Carl, requests funds for publishing book,

9:580c

Butler, Nicholas (1862–1947),

5:389, 390n

Buzzer, AE’s use of,

5:241

Byk, Suse, photo of AE by,

9:588c

Byland, Arthur,

9:129n

Byland, Hans (1878–1949),

1:11, 56, 307n; 9:129n;

AE on,

1:306

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

C

Cadenábbia, Italy,

1:301, 302n

Cahen, Louis (1882–?),

1:315, 316n, 322, 325, 326n, 328, 329n

Cailler, Charles,

8:350

Cailletet, Louis Paul (1832–1913),

1:145, 146

Cailloux, Joseph (1863–1944),

10:408

Cairo, American University in.

See University of Cairo, American

Cairo, University of.

See University of Cairo

Cajal, Santiago (1852–1934), invites AE to Madrid,

10:583c, 587c

Calame, Louis,

5:525n

Calculus of variations,

1:212

Calisse, G. L.,

10:378;

proposed as Italian translator of Einstein 1917a,

10:590c, 596c

Caloric engines.

See Heat engines

Calorimeter, water,

1:75, 88–92

Cambridge University.

See University of Cambridge

Cambridge University Press.

See Publishers

Campbell, Norman (1880–1949),

5:220

Hopf’s comment on work of,

5:417

polemic with Meyer,

5:221n

Campbell, William (1862–1938),

5:560n, 567n; 8:216n; 9:157–158

provides eclipse photographs,

5:566

Canal rays,

2:252, 252n, 402–403, 444; 3:162, 175n, 432, 439n; 7:484–485, 487n

Doppler effect in

AE on,

5:450

Stark’s work on,

5:47, 144, 150, 452n

Koch’s planned experiment on,

5:87

Stark’s work on,

5:87

Canneto sull’Oglio, province of Mantua, Italy,

1:lv n, 215n, 281n, 375

Cannstatt,

1:xlix, lvi n, 380, 384

Canonical distribution.

See Distribution: canonical

Canonical ensemble.

See Ensemble: canonical

Canonical equations,

6:556, 557, 575

Canonical transformation.

See Transformation: canonical

Canova, Antonio (1757–1822),

1:302

Cantor, Matthias (1861–1916),

5:120, 120n, 188

on Minkowski’s work,

5:119

planned experimental test of AE’s and Laub’s ponderomotive force,

5:131

Capacitance,

3:330–331, 337–338, 379–384

of cables (insulated wires),

1:169–170, 171

and circuits,

3:380

of capacitor,

1:171–172

measurement of,

1:162–167

and resistance,

3:367–368

unit of,

3:379–380

Capacities and dielectric constants

research on, funded by KWIP,

9:560c

Capacitor,

2:395, 397n, 514; 3:386, 397n; 4:152; 6:272

effect of dielectric on capacitance of,

1:170–172

with large capacitance,

1:171–172

Leyden jar as,

1:168

measurement of charge on,

1:167–168

plate,

3:336, 338, 346

system of two,

3:397n

and tension,

3:382

See also Dark field capacitor; Fluctuations: of charge and of voltage

Capillarity,

2:xviii, 10, 208; 3:194, 406n, 414n, 3:567; 8:135; 10:18

AE discusses with Besso,

1:285

AE submits first paper on,

1:273, 375

AE’s equation for,

2:6, 11, 20n

AE’s work on,

2:3–6, 10–20, 171

constant of,

3:404

and electromotive force,

3:574

historical background and survey of AE’s thought and work on,

1:264–265

joint work with Einstein-Marić on,

1:267, 285

Laplace’s theory of,

2:3–4, 5–6, 20n, 21n, 178

Minkowski review article on,

2:4

Minkowski’s ETH lecture on, influence on AE of,

1:265

molecular theories of,

2:3–4, 171

Schiff’s law for,

2:19

thermodynamic theory of,

2:319

Capillary force.

See Force: capillary

Caprotti, Selina (1850–1907),

1:56n, 58n

Carathéodory, Constantin (1873–1950),

8:334, 375, 388n, 598; 9:267, 352, 417n, 434

on canonical transformations,

8:376–379

nominated as member of PAW,

8:1028c–1029c

Cardinal Inn, Schaffhausen,

1:326n, 327n, 376

Carl Zeiss Works,

9:207

Carling, Viggo,

9:584c, 586c

Carnot cycle,

1:110–120; 4:155, 555, 555n, 556

Carnot, Lazare (1753–1823),

9:334n

Carnot principle,

2:17, 73. See also Thermodynamics, second law of

Cartel of German Academies.

See Kartell der deutschen Akademien

Casale, Italy,

1:283

Cassel, Hans (1891–?),

10:484–485

Cassirer, Ernst (1874–1945),

9:71, 510, 169n; 10:261, 265

AE

asks not to leave Berlin,

10:387

expresses sympathy for,

10:387

invites to stay in his home,

10:586c

manuscript of,

10:xlviii, 255, 314–315;

AE on,

10:265, 289, 293

on relativity and philosophy,

10:255–256

Cassirer, Paul (1871–1926),

8:947n

Cassirer Verlag,

8:738n

Casteggio, Italy,

1:372

Catenary,

3:125n

Cathode rays,

1:304; 2:252, 486n; 3:173, 249, 437, 457, 540–541, 543; 6:192; 8:935; 9:292

deflectability of,

2:368, 459

emission of,

2:163–165, 505, 572–573

experiments on mass of electrons in,

2:272, 368–371, 372n, 458–461, 486n

generating potential of,

2:458–459

Laub’s work on,

5:122n;

AE on,

131

Lenard’s experiments on, AE’s enthusiasm for,

1:224, 236

motion of in electromagnetic field,

4:15, 102n, 545, 562, 613; 6:458

polemic between Laub and Marx on,

5:121

X-rays generated by,

2:552n; 5:428

See also Beta rays; Electrons

Cauchy problem,

8:657n

Cauchy’s theorem,

4:379n

Cauer, Minna (1841–1922),

9:34n; 10:xxxix

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:433

Causality,

6:109, 130n, 227, 286–287; 9:388

Drill on,

9:280

and initial values,

10:300, 307

and law of inertia,

10:300, 307, 324, 391

principle of,

10:300, 306

and probability,

10:161

Stumpf’s theory of,

9:261

Cavallo, Tiberius, induction machine of,

5:51

Cavendish’s experiment,

3:126n

Celestial bodies, emission of radiation by, AE on,

9:553c

Celestial mechanics,

6:22, 433, 495;

Schwarzschild on,

6:359–360

Censor,

8:567–568

Censorship, postal, in Germany,

10:82, 108

Center of gravity,

3:36–37, 63–64, 69, 439n

definition of,

3:36, 64

law of,

3:63

principle of conservation of motion of,

2:360, 362–366, 399, 414, 462

of systems,

3:78

Center of mass.

See Center of gravity

Center Party (Catholic), German,

8:512n, 629n

Central (Hotel Central), Zurich,

1:298

Central Association of German Citizens of the Jewish Faith.

See Central-Verein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens

Central Committee for the Relief of Distress in Germany and Austria,

7:470n

Central European Catholic confederation,

9:93n

Central limit theorem,

3:268n

Central Organization for a Durable Peace,

7:9n; 8:117, 118n, 186, 205, 340n, 342n, 608, 747n; 10:36n

AE’s commitments to,

10:53n

congress of,

8:210, 211, 213

program,

8:210n

Central Swiss Meteorological Institute,

5:505n

Central-Verein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens,

7:225–226, 228–229, 292n–293n, 296n–297n, 304n; 9:169n, 489, 494, 609c

AE’s ridicule of name of,

7:303

on anti-Semitic campaigns in Germany,

9:489

CV-Zeitung,

7:304n

defends Jewish civil rights,

7:292n, 296n

invites AE to fight against anti-Semitism,

9:490

requests information on AE,

9:490n

tensions with German Zionists,

7:225

Centrifugal force.

See Force: centrifugal

Certificate of citizenship,

1:45, 55n

Chancellor of Germany,

8:524n

Change of state

adiabatic,

1:96, 100–101; 2:86, 94, 95n, 100; 6:104–105;

in chemical reactions,

7:325

cyclic,

2:10, 23, 94, 102, 114, 246, 246n, 317n, 361, 473; 3:xxix, 120–121, 129n, 490

endothermic,

2:116

energy change during,

2:119, 119n

entropy change during,

2:246

exothermic,

2:116

of fluids,

2:113

graphic description of,

2:113–114

irreversible,

2:114, 119, 246, 543–544, 555; 4:531–532, 556 (see also Thermodynamics, second law of)

isobaric,

2:27

isopycnic,

2:86, 96n, 100, 107n

reversible,

2:114, 119, 119n, 246, 332, 383, 473–474, 475; 6:255, 261n

Chaotic systems, theory of classical,

6:567n

Chapiro, Joseph (1893–1962), expresses sympathy for AE,

10:392–393

Charge carriers,

1:236, 237. See also Electron theory of metals; Electrons

Charge density

in five-dimensional theory,

9:57n

transformation law of,

2:257–258, 302, 308n, 505, 507

Charge, electric.

See Electric charge

Charge, elementary,

2:xxvi–xxvii, 99, 256, 577

AE on explanation of,

5:88

in five-dimensional theory,

9:39

relation with Planck’s constant,

5:89n

AE on,

5:195, 321

Lorentz on,

5:178

Charge, specific, determination of,

9:292. See also Electron: specific charge of, determination of

Charge invariance,

2:302, 308n

Charged bodies, specific heat of,

1:238

Charité Hospital,

8:409n; 9:387

Charles University.

See University of Prague, German

Chaudesaigues, ?,

2:221

Chavan, Lucien (1868–1942),

3:576; 5:125n; 10:15, 461

AE invites,

5:233, 234, 507

AE thanks for gift,

5:224

AE tutors,

5:160n, 224n

AE visits in Bern,

5:239, 241

and AE’s honorary doctorate at University of Geneva,

5:202n

assistance in AE’s registration of change of address,

5:211n

buzzing device, work on,

5:235

death of father-in-law, AE’s condolences,

5:273

Einstein, Hans Albert practices French with,

10:343

gift of tea by AE,

5:241

requested by AE to send

resistor,

5:240;

sends

247

telephones,

5:241

Swiss Telegraph Administration

appointment at,

5:224n, 234n

difficulties at,

5:234, 288n, 289, 304, 315, 507;

AE on,

5:290, 314, 340, 396; 10:15–16

takes days off,

5:197

transformers, work on,

5:235

Chavan, Lucien and Jeanne

AE invites,

5:286

AE’s planned visit to,

5:542

congratulations on AE’s ETH appointment,

5:387

Chavan family, visits AE,

5:238

Chavan-Perrin, Jeanne (1866–1958),

5:132n, 211n, 224n, 234n, 237n, 240n, 242n, 274n, 286n, 289n, 507; 8:320n; 10:461

Hans Albert Einstein practices French with,

10:343, 345

Chavan-Perrin, Lucien,

9:341n

Chemical constants,

9:470

Chemical reactions

AE’s study of,

1:286

sound absorption in,

7:325–331n

speed of,

7:xxix, 325–331n

Chemical transformations,

3:511n

Chemical Warfare Service,

8:620n

Chemisch-Physikalische Gesellschaft (Vienna),

9:276;

invites AE to lecture,

298; 10:608c,

accepted,

609c, 610c

Chemistry

colloidal,

2:181, 209

molar,

2:104

physical,

1:267; 2:xix, 129, 132–133, 383–389, 399–400

of solutions,

2:23–39, 177, 182, 198–201

Cherbuliez, Paul (1891–1985),

8:135n

Chiasso, Swiss border crossing to Italy,

1:216

Chicago, University of.

See University of Chicago

Chicago Congress.

See World’s Fair International Congress of Electricians

Chicago Zionist Club, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:534

Chinese,

9:79

AE on,

9:16

mentality of,

9:326

Chisholm, Hugh

solicits article from AE for Encyclopaedia Britannica,

10:600c, 601c, 605c, 607c;

declined,

609c

Chodat, Robert-Hyppolite (1865–1935),

8:364n

Cholera,

5:556

Chopin, Frédéric (1810–1849),

10:157

Christiaan Huygens Society for Science Students, Leyden,

9:228n

Christian Socialist Party, Austria,

9:437n

Christiania.

See Oslo

Christianity, early, AE on,

10:24

Christoffel, Elwin (1829–1900),

7:545

and differential calculus,

6:90, 93, 216, 218, 284

on differential covariants,

4:294, 296, 324, 328, 336, 342n, 495, 620

school of,

8:690n

Christoffel symbol,

4:234n, 256n, 329, 337; 6:89, 219, 306, 307, 308, 349; 7:158–159, 178n, 180n, 183n, 188n, 544–545; 8:207, 552–553, 556, 697; 9:209n;

as components of gravitational field,

7:551

Chromoscope,

7:205n

Chulanovsky, Vladimir (1889–1969),

10:418n, 465n, 469n, 472

Chwolson, Orest.

See Khvolson

Cicero,

8:825n

Circuit.

See Electric circuit

Circus Busch,

8:965n

Citizenship.

See Swiss citizenship, AE’s; German citizenship; Einstein, Albert: Personal: Citizenship

City College of New York,

7:629

Civilization, decline of Western,

8:561–562

Clapeyron, Benoît-Pierre-Émile (1799–1864),

1:120n

Clarté,

7:217n

Clarté movement,

7:216n–217n; 9:103n, 375

German branch of,

9:314, 328;

AE on,

331, 450;

AE’s involvement with,

9:321

Lawson on,

9:346, 406

Schlick’s interest in,

9:450

Class, Heinrich (1868–1953),

7:112

Classen, Johannes (1864–1928), specific charge of electron, value for,

5:138n

Classical mechanics,

2:xvii, xxi, xxviii, 135, 144, 265, 416, 455, 457; 3:5, 8, 132–l33, 396n, 423, 426, 487, 550; 6:286, 365, 368, 458, 468, 493, 494; 7:207, 213, 458–459, 535, 592; 8:137n, 403, 437, 438, 494n, 626; 10:63;

addition of velocities in,

6:434–435, 444, 450

Adler on,

10:80n

equations of motion in,

3:5, 16, 95, 437, 511

foundations of,

6:472–474; 7:6

as fundamental science,

7:xxxiii, 247, 279n, 308–311

and molecular motion,

6:21, 250–252, 389

principle of relativity of,

6:48, 285, 432–433

problems of,

7:142

and quantum theory,

6:22, 252, 261n, 364, 368, 370n, 382

space and time in,

6:279–280, 288–289, 430–431, 442, 444, 446, 462, 517, 518, 524, 528, 532

and special relativity,

6:285, 453, 454, 455, 527; 7:5–7, 258–260

See also Galilean mechanics; Mechanics; Newtonian mechanics

Claudel, Paul,

9:392n

Claudius, Matthias (1740–1815),

10:436n

Clausius, Rudolf (1822–1888),

1:85n, 118n; 5:300; 7:422

appointment to ETH,

2:173

gas theory of,

4:526, 534n

theory of heat of,

2:42

H. F. Weber as successor to,

2:173

Clausius-Clapeyron equation,

1:135; 2:21n; 9:472n

Clausius-Mosotti-Lorentz relation,

3:306

Clausius’s approximation method,

2:252, 252n

Clausius’s entropy theorem,

2:116, 117n, 119, 245–246, 246n, 248–249. See also Entropy; Thermodynamics, second law of

Clausius’s relation,

2:374–375

Clausius’s theorem.

See Virial theorem

Clemenceau, Georges (1841–1929),

7:217n; 9:387, 389n

Clément, Nicolas (1778–1841),

3:567

Clifford, William Kingdon (1845–1879),

2:xxv

Clinic Rosenau.

See Rosenau sanatorium

Clock,

3:11, 147–148, 156, 175n, 431–433, 479, 484n; 4:140, 150; 6:76, 101, 285, 289, 440, 530; 7:197, 251

accelerated,

2:308n; 2:477–481

assertions about,

2:268, 410

behavior of, in gravitational field,

2:477–481; 3:491–494; 4:141, 142, 309–310, 341n, 480, 498, 509, 549; 6:127, 333–335, 490, 491, 492, 500–501, 512–514, 549; 7:116–117, 168, 209, 214, 271

in De Sitter’s cosmological model,

8:806

definition of,

4:37, 131, 490, 541

equivalent,

2:308n, 437

as fundamental concept,

7:352–353, 390–392, 416n

gravitational,

4:142, 492

independence of prehistory of,

7:257, 391

light clock,

4:141, 145n, 151, 492

moving,

2:288–290, 403, 442–444; 6:53, 135, 290, 449, 477–480, 512–513; 5:453; 7:115–117, 208, 213, 252

physical theory without assumption of,

7:413

at rest,

2:xxiii, 277, 283, 437; 3:152

synchronization of,

2:278–279, 308n, 437; 3:149–151, 156, 161–162, 444–445

and time definition,

2:278, 570

and time transformation,

3:161–162

See also Time: measurement of

Clock paradox,

2:289–290, 308n; 3:436, 439n, 444; 7:102, 105, 115–117, 121n, 346, 348n; 8:16, 900, 908, 914;

Petzoldt’s exposition of,

6:5n

Coal shortage

in Berlin,

9:130, 139

in France,

9:281

in Germany,

8:598; 9:148n, 200n; 10:118

in Switzerland,

8:581; 10:118, 138, 140

in Zurich,

9:3n, 6n

Cochet, Marie-Anne, sends her book to AE,

10:375

Cock fight, AE on his debate with Lenard in Bad Nauheim as,

10:444

CODP.

See Central Organization for a Durable Peace

Coebergh, Joannes (1841–1922),

9:416n, 504n;

curator of AE’s Leyden professorship,

10:xlv, 366

Coehn, Alfred (1863–1938),

5:227n;

paper by,

5:227

Coenen, Hermann (1875–1956),

8:657; 9:534;

congratulates AE,

9:229

Cohen, Hermann (1842–1918),

8:891; 9:168n

Coherence,

3:540, 574

Cohesion, electrical origin of,

3:413n

Cohn, Emil (1854–1944),

2:260, 268, 307n, 435, 504; 5:74, 75n; 9:14–15; 10:391

AE’s reading of,

2:272

electrodynamics of

(see Electrodynamics of moving media: Cohn’s theory of)

space-time, paper on, AE on,

6:4, 5n

Cohn, Hans, decries uproar at AE’s lecture,

9:422–423

Coil, solenoidal,

6:147, 155, 158, 159, 165, 175, 179, 184, 192, 272;

self-induction of,

6:164, 183

Colbjørnsen, Ole,

10:246n

Colico, Italy,

1:301, 302n

Colin, Paul (1890–1943),

7:216, 217n; 9:351, 589c

Collège de France,

8:7n; 9:172n

Michonis lectures at: AE invited to give,

5:571;

Lorentz invited to give,

5:571n

Collisions,

3:37, 515n, 542–543

of atoms and electrons,

5:321, 338

of electrons,

3:516, 543

elementary,

3:542–543

molecular,

3:184–185, 507n

Collision times,

3:515n, 516–517

Colloid particles,

8:291

Colloidal solutions.

See Chemistry: colloidal; Solutions: colloidal

Cologne.

See Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte, meeting in Cologne

Colors, theory of,

7:205n

Columbia University,

7:629

awards Barnard Medal to AE,

10:571c, 575c, 576c, 584c, 591c

invites AE to lecture,

5:388; 10:442

declined,

5:395, 397, 404

Committee of Olten,

8:942n

Communism,

7:124n. See also Bolshevism

Commutator,

6:272, 273

Como, Italy,

1:293, 297, 298n, 301, 302n, 376

Como, Lake,

5:543n

Complexions,

2:54, 138, 575; 3:288, 311n, 506, 506n

Boltzmann on, in kinetic theory,

2:377n

corresponding to states,

2:353, 544

and probability,

2:49, 137, 353, 357n–358n, 377n, 544, 545, 575

See also States

Complex numbers,

3:51

Complex quantities,

3:373, 399n

Composition theorem,

2:74n, 95n

Compressibility,

3:xviii–xxiv, 412, 469, 476n, 527

of atoms,

3:526

Besso’s idea for measurement of,

5:338

coefficient,

3:411, 468

cubic,

3:462

isothermal,

3:311n

of metals,

3:471

Compton, Arthur H. (1892–1962),

7:53n

Concept and experience,

7:352, 387–388, 390

Concepts, physical,

2:150;

incompleteness of,

2:139, 338

Concussion, of the brain, induced gravitational field to explain effect of,

10:602c, 606c

Condenser.

See Capacitor

Conduction, electrolytic.

See Electrolytes: conductivity of

Conduction, heat.

See Heat conduction

Conduction current,

2:507, 519

Conductivity, electric.

See Electric conductivity

Conductivity, thermal.

See Thermal conductivity

Conductor, electric.

See Electric conductor

Conference, General, on International Geodesy,

8:718n

Confirmation of experimental predictions,

2:136, 142, 143, 221, 236n, 309n, 358n, 397n, 505, 517n. See also Experiments

Conformal theory,

7:xxvii

Congrès International des Électriciens, Paris, 1889,

1:191, 207

Congress

of Councils,

8:965n

of Polish Physicians and Natural Scientists,

8:87n

Conservation laws,

3:5, 32, 66, 101. See also Energy: conservation of; Mass: conservation of; Momentum: conservation of; Electric charge: conservation of; Energy-momentum, law of conservation of

Conservative Party, German,

8:629n

Constancy of the speed of light.

See Light, speed of: constancy of

Constants, fundamental.

See Elementary quanta

Constructive theory,

1:xli; 2:xxi, xxix, 45, 257; 5:89n; 7:xxxv, 206–207, 210n, 213 See also Theory of principle

Contact electricity.

See Electricity: contact

Contacts, electrical

AE on,

5:237

AE’s and Gockel’s work with,

5:162

Continuity equation,

4:99, 101, 246, 518; 6:105; 7:97, 513, 534

electrical,

4:54

See also Incompressibility condition; Liouville’s theorem

Continuum,

3:325–326, 397n

AE’s lectures on mechanics of,

3:599

Euclidean,

7:261, 566

finite,

7:397–398

infinite,

7:396–397

See also Geometry; Space; Space-time continuum; Universe

Continuum theory, limits of applicability of,

7:351, 392–393, 404n

Continuum versus discreteness,

8:391–392

Contraction hypothesis, Lorentz-FitzGerald,

2:256, 434–435, 568; 3:140, 161; 4:45, 540, 550n; 6:49, 67n, 459, 460–461; 7:249, 465; 10:9n, 15n

ad hocness of, Lorentz on,

8:71–72

See also Length contraction, relativistic

Convection currents,

2:208, 301, 486n, 503

Conventionalism,

7:xxxvi, 220n, 256, 389–390, 403n–404n

and Reichenbach, Schlick on,

10:455

See also Poincaré, Henri: conventionalism of

Conventions

in definition of time,

2:277–280, 439, 480, 569–570

in length measurement,

3:479, 483

in physics,

3:430

in relativity theory,

3:446–447

in space-time measurement,

3:434

in synchronizing clocks,

2:277–280, 281–282, 437

and time definition,

3:432

in transformation equations,

2:570

Coordinate condition,

7:26n;

of De Donder,

7:13, 555

Coordinate system,

2:xxiii; 3:11, 321, 426, 432; 4:37; 6:427–430, 445; 7:117, 197, 207, 213

accelerated,

7:266, 281n

acceleration-free,

2:418, 437, 542 (see also Frame of reference: inertial)

Cartesian,

2:188, 277, 282, 416, 437; 6:429, 481, 482, 484, 485, 487, 507; 7:273, 502–505, 507, 509–510, 512, 515–516

dependent quantities,

2:451

four-dimensional,

3:170

Gaussian,

6:483–485, 488, 489–490, 491, 492; 7:272–278, 377, 409, 618

inertial

(see Frame of reference: inertial)

isotropic,

7:26n

linearized harmonic,

7:574n

question of preferred, in general relativity,

7:355–356

relative, uniformly moving,

2:255, 277, 282–287, 300, 303, 312, 414, 426, 451, 462, 509, 561, 569

rotating,

7:208, 214, 270, 355, 358n, 371n

uniformly moving,

3:36–37, 171

See also Frame of reference

Coordinate transformation, spatio-temporal,

2:253, 256, 257, 282–287, 411, 418, 433 434, 510 See also Galilean transformation; Lorentz transformation

Coordinates

adapted,

8:40, 67–69, 84n, 97n, 102, 104, 107, 109, 113, 161, 207, 233

cyclic,

3:121, 129n

dependent,

8:41n

generalized,

2:73n, 95n, 458

isotropic,

8:523n

light beam,

8:586–587

in phase space,

2:74n

physical meaning of,

3:426, 431, 435

polar,

3:41, 326

space-time,

3:170, 432, 442, 446–447

spatial and temporal character of,

8:348

See also Coordinate system; State variables

Copenhagen, AE’s meeting with Bohr in,

10:xlvii

Copernican frame.

See Frame of reference: Copernican

Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473–1543),

7:xxxii, 433n; 10:xxxviii

Coppel, Theodore,

10:569c, 575c

Corbetta, Pietro,

1:282n

Corelli, Arcangelo (1653–1713), Sonata Nr. 5 of,

10:167

Coriolis force,

4:295, 392, 499–500, 549; 7:281n; 8:82, 324, 325n, 349, 501

Cornelius, Johannes (1863–1947),

8:543, 888; 9:45n

Cornu, Georges,

5:243

Correspondence principle,

8:784n

Corresponding states

law of,

2:132–133, 239, 243–244; 3:402, 470–471

Lorentz’s theorem of,

2:256

Cosmic pressure.

See Cosmological constant: as negative pressure

Cosmogonic hypotheses, Poincaré on,

9:467n

Cosmological constant,

6:551; 7:26n, 36n, 41–42n, 46–47, 73, 80n, 131, 138, 182n–183n, 188–189n, 433n, 457n; 8:352, 688, 878; 9:117, 263; 10:xlix, 69n, 371, 501

and closed vs. open universe, Fokker on,

9:111

as constant of integration,

8:836

as constant of nature,

8:414, 416, 553, 557, 860

De Sitter on,

10:501

empirical determination of,

7:xxviii, 370–371n, 377, 395, 409, 424n; 8:433, 434

and globular star clusters,

9:233n

introduction of,

6:543;

reasons for,

7:xxxiii, 36n, 121n, 133, 146n, 371n, 405n

as negative pressure,

7:xxviii, 35–36n, 135, 140n, 171, 174, 182n–183n, 395, 424n, 456–457n, 567–568, 576n

See also Cosmological term

Cosmological model,

9:xli, 293

boundary conditions at infinity in,

9:403

boundary conditions in, AE and Eddington on,

10:365

in five-dimensional theory,

9:39, 76

See also Cosmological model, Einstein’s and De Sitter’s; Universe

Cosmological model, De Sitter’s,

7:xxxiii, 46–49n; 8:260n, 351, 414–416, 420n, 421–422, 429n, 466, 473, 501, 613, 653n, 690n, 712–713, 725n, 734n, 765n, 778; 10:477–478

cosmological term in,

8:435

and Einstein’s cosmological model,

8:353–355

from interior Schwarzschild solution,

8:806

homogeneous,

8:485

inhomogeneous,

8:467, 476

line element in,

8:496

mass horizon in,

8:355

nonstatic,

8:352, 353

preferred center in,

8:353

singularities in,

8:352, 354–356, 422, 427–428, 435, 496, 613, 712–713, 720, 779, 805–806, 809

time-independent metric in,

8:485

world lines in,

8:733

See also Sitter, Willem de

Cosmological model, Einstein’s,

8:351, 352, 415–416, 417n, 473, 501

AE on,

8:386, 390, 392, 401; 9:117–118, 293

compared with De Sitter’s model,

8:353–355

ghost images of stars in, De Sitter on,

10:477–478, 501

and interior Schwarzschild solution,

8:688

Cosmological problem.

See Newtonian theory of gravitation: cosmological problems of; Relativity, general theory of: cosmological considerations in

Cosmological term,

8:352, 497, 498, 574, 612, 698

in De Sitter’s cosmological model,

8:435

introduction of, reasons for,

8:406, 556, 700n 860

and parallel postulate,

8:691

and relativistic theory of gravitation,

8:433

See also Cosmological constant

Cosmology,

6:495–501, 516–517, 541–551; 7:xxiv, xxviii, 35, 170, 187, 562–564 See also Universe

Coster, Dirk (1889–1950),

9:221

Cottingham, Edwin,

9:xxxiii, xxxv

Cotton, Aimé (1869–1951),

2:219

Coulomb’s law,

1:150–156; 3:346, 348; 4:9, 152, 488, 585

Council of Intellectual Workers.

See Rat geistiger Arbeiter

Council of People’s Deputies.

See Germany: Rat der Volksbeauftragten

Courant, Richard (1888–1972),

9:240, 352

and Jewish matters,

9:222

Covariance

under Galilean transformations,

7:254

under linear transformations,

7:507, 513, 516, 526

under Lorentz transformations,

7:258 (see also Relativity, principle of: and covariance under Lorentz transformations)

Covariance, general,

4:181, 185–186, 192, 193, 294–301, 308, 313, 319, 476, 483, 488, 493, 495, 573–575, 580, 589, 612; 7:42n, 177n, 275, 370, 371n, 377, 389, 409, 539, 574n

arguments against,

4:294, 297, 298, 300, 574, 580–581 (see also Hole argument)

See also Relativity, general principle of: and general covariance

Cracow,

10:28

Critical opalescence.

See Opalescence, critical

Critical state,

3:287

Crommelin, Andrew (1865–1939),

6:512, 537n; 7:xxx; 9:xxxiii, xxxiv

Crookes, William (1832–1919),

9:48n, 49

Crown Council, German,

8:524n

Crystals,

6:261n

and heat theorem of Nernst

(see Heat theorem of Nernst: for mixed crystals)

magnetic moment of ferromagnetic,

6:151, 159, 180, 191

mixed,

6:30, 37–38, 257

Crystal lattice,

3:462, 526

dynamical theory of,

9:85n

model,

3:405, 407n, 411, 421n, 512n, 526

normal modes of,

3:xxv

Crystallography,

8:497

Crystal structure,

8:528n, 576; 9:570c, 582c

study by X-rays of,

9:24n (see also X-ray diffraction)

Cunningham, Ebenezer (1881–1977),

9:261

discussion with Bucherer,

5:134, 135n, 137–138

Cunow, Heinrich (1862–1936),

10:242

Curie, Eve (1905–2007),

5:346n, 519n, 545n

Curie, Irène (1897–1956),

5:346n, 519n

AE on,

5:544

Curie, Marie (1867–1934),

5:300, 302n, 349, 383, 522n, 541n, 543n; 9:171, 224–225; 10:303n, 328

AE on,

5:345, 544

AE’s impressions of visit to,

5:518

alleged affair with Langevin, AE on,

5:345

hiking trip with AE,

5:543n

praised by AE,

8:7

writes letter of recommendation for AE,

5:353n

Zangger’s attendance of lectures of,

5:332

Curie, Pierre (1859–1906), measurements of paramagnetic susceptibility of oxygen,

4:272, 284

Curie-Langevin law for paramagnetism.

See Paramagnetism, Curie-Langevin law for

Curie law for paramagnetism.

See Paramagnetism, Curie law for

Current

Ampère’s molecular

(see Ampère’s molecular currents)

closed,

6:145, 152–153, 173, 191

conduction,

4:87, 514

convection,

4:11, 81, 87, 320, 513

density,

6:62, 266, 328

displacement,

4:10, 102n

eddy,

6:148 (see also Foucault current)

electric,

6:107, 264

electric convection,

6:106, 107, 108

electric polarization,

6:46, 107, 108

energy of,

6:98

Foucault

(see Foucault current)

magnetic convection,

6:107

magnetic polarization,

6:107, 108, 109

and magnetism,

6:145, 151, 173, 191

polarization, definition of,

6:46

Current, electric.

See Electric current

Curricula, of German-language universities,

3:8

Curti-Forrer, Eugen (1865–?),

10:231, 567c

Curtius, Friedrich (1851–1933),

8:634; 10:155n

Curtius, Theodor (1857–1928),

8:636n

Curvature

geometric interpretations of,

8:712, 733, 738

spatial,

6:501, 511, 547–548, 551; 7:136, 209, 214, 538, 558

Curvature scalar

(see Riemann scalar)

CV.

See Central-Verein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens

Cwiklinski, Ludwig,

8:265n

Cyclic process.

See Change of state: cyclic

Cylinder, iron

for measurement of Ampère’s molecular currents,

6:147, 155, 158, 165, 175, 179, 184, 192, 271–272

moment of inertia of,

6:154, 160–161, 168, 175, 181, 187, 192, 273

Czapek, Friedrich,

10:568c, 577c, 579c

Czech University of Prague.

See University of Prague, Czech

Czellitzer, Arthur,

1:xlviii

Czinner, H., offers bibliographic services,

8:1011c

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

D

Da Vinci, Leonardo (1452–1519),

9:314

Dabrowski, ?,

2:559n

Daheim, boardinghouse of Stahel-Baumann,

10:110n

Dahlem, AE lives in,

10:22

Dahms, Albert (1872–?),

5:98n

D’Alembert’s principle,

3:88–91

Dällenbach, Walter (1892–1990),

2:54; 3:4, 6, 8, 128n, 590, 599; 5:602; 7:62n; 8:372, 380, 400, 402n, 404, 406, 410, 444, 477, 721n, 743n, 815, 837n, 853; 9:xlviii, 40n, 99, 159, 169, 190, 294n, 389n

AE’s advice on research strategy to,

8:136

on AE’s concept of “measuring rod,”

10:591c

in AE’s lecture course at ETH,

5:602n

character and abilities of,

8:366

congratulates AE,

9:190

dissertation of,

8:391, 847

generally covariant electrodynamics, work on,

8:350n, 796–801, 803

Habilitation of,

8:851

notes by on AE’s course,

4:6, 273, 298, 300

plans book on Maxwell theory,

9:160

Riemann tensor, on contraction of,

8:348

on rotating magnets in general relativity,

10:591c;

AE on,

348;

Besso on,

354

in Swiss Army,

8:137n

and Swiss politics,

9:189–190

Dalton’s law,

3:180, 242n 5:280

Damping,

3:364, 385–386, 460, 544n–545n

of atomic oscillations,

3:461–464, 510n, 511, 518n, 518

of ionic oscillations within a crystal,

3:510n, 511

of oscillations of pendulum,

3:52

See also Oscillators: damping of

Danish Academy of Sciences.

See Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters

Danish Astronomical Society,

10:568c

AE lectures at,

10:321, 581c

invites AE to lecture,

10:244

Dann, Walter (1881–?),

9:130n, 139n

Dann-Böhm, Elsa Maria (1897–?),

9:30, 129, 131, 147, 171, 219

d’Annunzio, Gabriele (1863–1938),

9:210

Danzig.

See Gdansk

Danzig, Technische Hochschule.

See Technical University of Danzig

Danziger, Fritz,

8:1008c

Danziger, Jacques,

6:208, 210n

Dark field capacitor,

2:559n

Darmstadt,

5:306,

plans for Hans Albert Einstein to attend school in,

10:xxxvii

Darmstadt-Stern, Emma (1885–?),

5:183n, 403n, 404

marriage of,

5:306

Darmstaedter, Ludwig (1846–1927),

5:270n; 9:283–284;

AE sends autograph to,

5:270

Darmstaedter autograph collection,

5:270n

Darquet, Gabriel,

10:578c

Darwin, Charles (1809–1882),

6:569; 8:918;

theory of evolution of,

6:509, 569

D’Asar, Mario Russo,

7:478n

Das Odeon,

9:391–392, 394–395

Däubler, Theodor,

9:610c, 611c

David, Eduard,

9:515n

Davidson, ?,

6:512

Davidson, Charles R.,

9:xxxiii

Daxenberger, Otto,

1:5

De Donder, Théophile (1872–1957),

8:536n

discussion with AE on

energy-momentum pseudotensor,

8:303, 306, 307, 308, 313, 315, 319, 327

equivalence of general relativity with theory of gravitation,

8:303–304, 306, 307, 308, 309–310, 312–313, 315, 318–319, 327–328, 575

gravitation theory of, paper on,

8:575, 609

De Haas, Wander.

See Haas, Wander de

De Sitter, Willem.

See Sitter, Willem de

De Sitter clock,

8:804

De Sitter’s cosmological model.

See Cosmological model, De Sitter’s

Debye, Peter (1884–1966),

3:475n, 477n, 517n; 4:552n, 553; 5:285n, 287n, 307, 374, 398, 408n, 428n, 446, 446n, 448, 468, 597n; 6:35, 556; 7:109, 345; 8:145, 425, 851, 853n, 863n; 9:xlviii, 7, 24n, 149n, 150n, 192, 197, 214, 215n, 290, 302n, 312, 318, 354n, 408, 440, 460n, 463, 502, 513, 516, 559c, 566c, 570c, 596c; 10:17, 20, 22, 25, 28, 208, 256, 317, 481, 516, 577c, 611c, 612c, 613c

abilities of, AE on,

5:290, 374; 9:451

constitution of atom, lecture on,

8:820

Ehrenfest, negative comment on,

5:447n

ETH appointment of,

9:268, 292, 301, 303, 305, 312, 326, 339, 382, 403, 449, 451

invited to Wolfskehl meeting (Göttingen),

5:506n

Julius’s request for AE’s opinion on abilities of,

5:361

KWIP

contract with,

8:821–823, 830, 866, 876

funding by,

8:1024c–1025c, 1027c

loans transformer from,

10:584c

meeting with AE in Munich, AE on,

5:290

meeting with Julius in Bern,

5:386

parameter-dependent weight function of,

8:24, 26

PAW, corresponding member of

elected,

9:605c

nominated,

9:410

Physikalische Gesellschaft of Zurich, lectures to,

8:915

plans to write book on relativity,

10:513

on polarizability of molecules,

10:443

on quantum state of macroscopic system,

6:33

quantum theory of specific heat, work on,

5:480, 505, 514

ring atom,

8:562n

University of Göttingen

professor at,

10:25n

leaves,

9:317, 434

University of Leyden, candidacy for Lorentz’s chair at,

5:421

University of Utrecht

acceptance of appointment,

5:422n

candidacy for chair at,

5:346, 348n, 350, 359, 369, 373

AE on,

5:349, 356

AE’s recommendation for,

5:374

official recommendation for,

5:376n

uncertainties of,

5:354

welcomes offer,

5:347, 350, 361

formal appointment,

5:395n

professor at,

10:25n

University of Zurich

appointment,

5:291n

candidacy for AE’s chair at,

5:285n

invited to,

8:148

promoted to professorship at,

5:394; 10:17,

withdrawal from,

5:422n

Wolfskehl lectures by,

8:27n

X-ray diffraction, on influence of temperature on,

5:562

X-ray spectra, paper on, praised by AE,

8:561

Debye-Scherrer experimental setup,

9:23, 61

Debye-Sommerfeld theory of dispersion, Epstein on,

9:197

Decomposition

of magnetic fields,

3:377

spectral, of energy,

3:500, 510n, 515n

See also Fourier decomposition

Dedekind, Richard (1831–1916),

2:xxv

Deduction.

See Method, deductive

Degeneracy, of energy states,

6:39n

Degenhart, Joseph,

1:lxi, lxiii, 351

Degrees of freedom,

2:49, 67, 75n; 3:68, 72, 89, 92, 220, 245n, 422, 475n, 510, 534

Dehlinger, Walter (1889–?),

9:386, 447

Dehmel, Richard,

9:558c

Delbrück, Hans,

9:xliv, 17n, 551c

AE asks to sign declaration in support of Nicolai,

9:384

Delbrück-Dernburg petition,

8:174n, 175; 10:97n

AE signs,

10:33n

signatories,

8:146n, 150n, 157n, 176n, 364n, 637n, 759n

Delcassé, Théophile (1852–1923),

8:173

Delft, AE visits,

10:223

Democratic Party, German.

See Demokratische Partei

Demokratische Partei,

7:124n, 211n; 8:948

Demokratischer Klub,

9:574c, 576c

Deng, L., sends food package to Elsa Einstein,

10:267, 270, 275

Density

of continuous mass distribution,

6:102, 351

electrical charge,

6:61, 106, 107

electrical current,

6:62, 266, 328

electrical rest,

6:62

energy,

3:279; 6:98, 355, 392

“complex” of

(see Gravitational field: energy-momentum components (pseudotensor) of)

of energy of static gravitational field,

4:161, 162

of incompressible fluid,

6:326

magnetic charge,

6:107

of matter, in universe

(see Universe, matter density in)

momentum,

6:98

radiation

(see Radiation: density of)

rest,

6:392;

rest of matter,

4:101

See also Electric charge

Density, magnetization,

2:507

Department of Education, Canton of Zurich accepts AE’s conditions for lecturing,

10:567c

Deprez-D’Arsonval instrument,

3:361, 363, 398n

Der Tag,

10:xxxviii

Derzbacher, Julius.

See Koch, Julius

Des Coudres, Theodor (1862–1926),

9:349, 360

Descartes, René (1596–1650),

6:518, 519, 529, 533; 8:851; 9:388; 10:191

Deslandres, Henri (1853–1948),

5:355, 356n; 10:382

Desormes, Charles-Bernard (1777–1862),

3:567

Dessau, ?,

9:434n

Dessau, Bernardo, requests information on education at Haifa Technion,

10:591c

Dessoir, Max (1867–1957),

8:854–855

Deussen, Paul (1845–1919),

9:76n

Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung,

7:110

Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft,

8:174n; 9:203n

Deutsche Gasglühlicht Aktiengesellschaft,

9:12

AE shareholder of,

9:126n, 148n, 214, 463, 551c, 576c

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auslandsbuchhandel,

7:363n; 9:425n, 465

for restoration of German book trade,

9:424

invites AE to join organizing committee,

10:584c

requests statement from AE,

9:424–425

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mutter- und Kindesrecht,

9:203n

Deutsche Liga für Völkerbund,

9:34n

solicits article from AE,

10:333–334;

declined,

343

Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung,

7:357n; 8:762, 765

Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (DPG),

2:xvi; 7:59n, 107–111, 357n; 8:458, 672n, 818, 884, 994c; 9:20n, 64; 10:xxxix, 40n

advisory committee of,

8:760n;

AE elected member of,

10:24n

AE elected member of executive committee of,

9:565c

AE participates in meeting on fusion of physics journals,

10:599c

AE’s lecture on periodic processes to,

4:607n

board of directors,

8:31

chairmanship,

8:32, 759, 764, 781

discrimination in,

8:32

on funding of Fortschritte der Physik,

8:1021c

history of,

8:33n

Laue presents eclipse expedition results to,

9:602c

lectures to by

Ehrenhaft,

8:459n

Franck and Hertz,

8:29n

Planck,

8:193n, 217n

Rubens,

8:212

letter of Wien to Planck on,

8:31

new journals of,

9:297, 309n–310n, 312, 353, 354n, 470n, 585c, 586c, 589c, 590c, 592c

Wien opposes,

9:297

revision of statutes of,

8:31–35

unity of,

8:32

See also Einstein, Albert: Lectures: DPG

Deutscher Bund für Mutterschutz,

9:34n

Deutscher Gesellig-Wissenschaftlicher Verein von New York,

7:363n

solicits contribution to album,

10:601c

Deutscher Monistenbund,

9:34, 347–348

Deutscher Schutzbund für die Grenz- und Auslandsdeutschen,

9:349–350

Deutscher Verband der technisch-wissenschaftlichen Vereine,

7:494n

Deutscher Zentralausschuß für die Auslandshilfe,

7:332

circular letter,

333n

solicits statement from AE,

10:334–335

Deutsches Museum,

8:822; 9:594c;

elects AE as board member,

9:602c

Deutsche Studentenschaft,

9:179n

Deutsche Tageszeitung,

7:240n;

attacks on Nicolai,

9:384

Deutsche Vaterlandspartei,

8:629

Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt,

8:577n

Deutsche Zeitung,

7:110, 112; 9:602c, 612c;

anti-Semitism of,

9:522

Deutschnationale Volkspartei,

7:240n

Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund,

7:112

Diamagnetism,

6:33, 39n, 191; 10:303

Diamond

absorption spectrum of,

2:388, 405

specific heat of,

2:389; 5:245

Diatomic molecules, rigidity of,

9:459

Dickmann, Ina,

10:xxxix,

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:388

Dictatorship of proletariat,

8:946n, 947n

Die Naturwissenschaften,

10:xxxviii

Die zwölf Bücher,

9:321

Dielectric,

1:170–172; 3:341–346, 348, 386, 398n; 4:17;

moving,

6:48, 67n

Dielectric constant,

1:170–172; 2:512; 3:298, 341, 374, 386; 4:17, 19, 21; 6:107;

determination of,

3:347, 398n

Dielectric displacement,

4:16, 514

Diels, Hermann (1848–1922),

5:596n; 8:92, 346, 347n, 726, 994c; 9:515n

Dieterici, Conrad H. (1858–1929),

9:74–75

Differential calculus,

6:7, 11, 55–61, 73, 77–82, 87, 89–97, 111–112, 216–219, 227, 228, 246, 248, 284, 294–301, 379, 496; 7:153, 451, 453, 541, 550, 574n

three-dimensional,

6:55–58

See also Gaussian theory of surfaces; Geometry: Riemannian

Differential calculus, absolute,

4:3, 192, 195, 296, 300, 319, 324–339, 342n, 476, 480–481, 495–496, 573, 574, 589–596, 620 See also Differential covariants; Tensor calculus

Differential, complete,

3:335

Differential covariants,

4:78–80; 6:17. See also Differential calculus, absolute

Differential equations,

1:212; 3:505

for diffusion,

3:262, 268n

linear vs. nonlinear,

3:xix

ordinary,

3:505n

Diffraction

of light

(see Light: diffraction of)

Reiche’s paper on, AE on,

5:182

of X-rays

(see X-ray diffraction)

Diffraction image,

8:424n

Diffraction theory, Kottler on,

9:373, 436

Diffusion,

3:183, 188, 243n, 268n, 454n, 572, 575–576; 8:125, 144; 10:54

coefficient of,

1:265, 292; 2:177, 200, 211, 212, 229–230, 232, 233, 234, 251–252, 252n, 347, 497, 499, 502n

connection with osmotic pressure,

2:199–201, 205, 497–499

equation,

2:211–212, 233

of gases,

2:123–124, 251

relationship of mean square displacement to,

2:501n

of suspended particles,

2:229, 231–234, 497

Tamman on,

10:13n

theory of,

2:170, 171, 173, 178, 179, 199–201, 212, 497–498

under external force,

2:235

Dilution, Ostwald’s law of,

2:178; 4:561; 5:16n;

Besso on,

14

Dimensional considerations,

2:549, 580;

AE’s,

3:460–461, 467–470, 474, 476n, 527, 544n

Dingler, Hugo (1881–1954),

7:109; 9:529

Diogenes,

1:326; 7:57

Dipole,

2:520–522; 3:341–343, 395, 507, 545n

mean energy of rotating,

4:273

Dipole moment, electrical of diatomic molecule,

4:276, 277

Dipole, rotating

AE’s and Fokker’s work on,

5:578–579

in radiation field, AE on,

5:359, 568

Diptmar, Johann,

1:349, 350

Dirac field,

8:968n

Direktorium.

See Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Physik

Disk, rotating.

See Rotating disk

Dispersion,

7:51–52, 485; 8:158, 626

Drude’s theory of,

2:143, 384

of light in a medium,

3:250, 253n

optical,

1:283n; 2:585; 3:280, 522, 544n

theory of,

3:414n, 544n

in ultraviolet,

3:544n

Dispersion, anomalous

Larmor on,

10:252n

in solar atmosphere,

5:316; 9:267, 272, 287, 470

theory of,

10:248

See also Sun: optical phenomena in atmosphere of

Displacement law, of Sommerfeld,

9:21n

Displacement law, Wien’s.

See Black-body radiation: Wien displacement law for

Displacement vector D.

See Electric field: displacement vector D

Displacements, virtual,

3:88–89, 92

Disraeli, Benjamin (1804–1881),

10:463

Dissipative force.

See Force: dissipative

Dissociation,

1:285; 2:178

Arrhenius on,

5:13

Battelli and Stefanini on,

5:12

Beckmann on,

5:13

Besso on,

5:13, 14, 343

electrolytic,

10:575c;

Roloff on,

5:13

of gases,

7:325–331n; 10:15, 17

Kohlrausch on,

5:13

Ostwald on,

5:13

Raoult on,

5:13

quantum theory of,

9:470

role of gravitation in, Besso on,

5:14

role of hydration in,

5:16n,

Besso on,

14

Tammann on,

5:13

Distant masses,

8:352, 357, 358, 360, 362, 502n

Distribution

canonical,

2:74n, 139; 3:219–220, 228, 232

vertical, of granules in a liquid,

2:345n

See also Boltzmann distribution; Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution; Maxwell distribution law; State distribution

Divorce contract

of 1918,

10:150

AE accepts,

10:155

draft of,

10:156–159, 163, 165

Einstein-Marić

accepts AE’s proposal for,

10:146

denies initiating divorce proceedings,

10:41

terms of financial support in,

10:159;

Zürcher on,

10:147

Divorce proceedings of 1919,

9:82n, 306

DNVP.

See Deutschnationale Volkspartei

Doctoral dissertation, AE’s.

See Einstein, Albert: Career: Doctoral dissertation

Doeberl, Michael,

1:347

Dolder, Jacob,

8:349

Dolezalek, Fritz (Friedrich) (1873–1920),

2:397n

Dominik, Hans (1872–1945),

9:395

Donder, Théophile de (1872–1957)

on energy tensor,

10:370–371

on his notation in general relativity,

10:376–377

requests copy of Einstein 1919a,

10:363

Doppler effect,

3:162–163, 165–166, 175n, 492, 574; 4:35, 51, 105n, 545; 6:27, 55, 135, 391, 392, 458, 517, 526, 536n; 7:467, 484–487n

in canal rays

AE on,

5:450

Stark’s work on,

5:47n, 144, 144n, 150, 452n,

relativistic theory of,

2:295–297, 435, 445–449

in solar atmosphere,

5:355

solar spectral lines, influence of on shape of,

5:388

transverse

in canal rays,

2:402, 403n, 444

in emission theory of light, Ehrenfest on,

5:452n

See also Relativity, special theory of: Doppler shift in

Doppler principle,

8:332

Doryon, Yisrael (1908–?), AE’s draft preface for brochure of,

7:129n

Dörzbacher, Julius.

See Koch, Julius

Dosch family,

1:377

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor (1821–1885),

9:415, 487, 503; 10:152–153

Karamazov Brothers, AE enjoys,

9:498

Double refraction,

1:8

Double stars,

4:5, 35; 6:67n, 435

DPG.

See Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft

Drag, of sphere in fluid,

9:221

Dragging coefficient,

2:438, 485n, 567; 3:164, 428; 5:73n; 6:26–27, 42, 47–48, 67n; 7:246, 279n; 8:162n, 350n

Fresnel value,

6:43n

Laub’s paper on

AE’s criticism of,

5:74

Laue’s criticism of,

5:73

Lorentz value,

6:43n

See also Ether: dragging of; Light: dragging of

Dragging of inertial frames.

See Lense-Thirring effect

Dražić, Ružica,

1:244, 245n

Drechsler, R. W.,

10:570c, 571c, 573c

Dresden.

See Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte, meeting in Dresden

Drexler, Franz,

7:195n

Dreyfus, Bertha (1871–1942),

5:558, 559n

Dreyfus, Cosman (1835–1918),

5:237, 238n, 558

Dreyfus, Marie (1875–1943),

5:237, 238n, 558;

marriage of,

5:559n

Driesch, Hans (1867–1941),

10:307

Drill, Robert

debate with Schlick,

9:282n, 313

paper by,

9:280, 282n, 323

“proof” of principle of energy from sausage,

9:313

Droste, Johannes (1886–1963),

4:344, 373n; 5:569n; 6:552n; 7:101; 8:350n, 517, 519, 521; 9:110, 145, 150; 10:55n

candidate as Assistent with AE in Berlin,

5:568, 603n

collaboration with Lorentz,

8:420n

dissertation of,

8:457

Lagrangian for many-body problem in general relativity, paper on,

8:430

solves field equations for point mass,

8:362;

priority in,

425

Drude, Paul (1863–1906),

1:213, 267n, 305n, 326; 2:xviii, 143, 175, 267, 384, 386, 405; 3:9, 414n, 529, 544n; 4:529; 5:69n

AE’s reading of,

2:45, 46, 135–136, 259, 260

book on ether physics, AE’s criticism of,

5:430, 431

correspondence with AE,

1:303, 306, 308, 310

electrodynamics of moving bodies of, AE plans to study,

1:225, 330

electron theory of metals of

(see Electron theory of metals: Drude’s)

Duality of electricity and magnetism,

2:526, 528n; 4:25, 26

Duane, William,

9:237

Dübi, Ernst,

5:244

Dübi, Walter,

3:6

Duck, pregnant,

6:402n

Ducrue, Joseph,

1:351, 353

Dufour, Alexandre (1875–1942),

5:287n;

AE on abilities of,

287

Duhamel, Georges (1884–1966),

9:322

Duhem, Pierre (1861–1916),

3:9, 397n; 8:890

Dukas, Helen (1896–1982),

8:265n, 503n; 9:485n

Dulong-Petit rule,

1:236, 279–280, 283; 2:142–143, 384, 386, 390n; 3:219, 422, 423n, 460, 472–473, 521; 4:533; 5:259, 280

deviations from,

3:522

Dumont, Louise,

9:558c

Du Pasquier, Louis-Gustave (1876–1953),

1:214

Dutch Academy of Sciences.

See Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences

Dutch Israelite Seminary,

9:288n

Dutch Natural Scientists and Physicians, congress of,

8:390, 418, 458n

Dutch Zionist League,

9:249n

Dutoit, Paul (1873–1944),

5:401, 402n

Dynamics,

3:63–64

classical,

2:368; 3:556

of ideal fluids,

3:6

of material systems,

3:4, 78

relativistic,

2:273, 369

See also Mechanics: classical

Dynamo,

1:li, liv

Dyson, Frank (1868–1939),

7:xxx, 210n; 9:xxxiii–xxxv, 138n, 199n, 244; 10:222n

notice on eclipse results,

9:236

proposes eclipse expedition,

9:32

DZA.

See Deutscher Zentralausschuß für die Auslandshilfe

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

E

Earth,

3:15, 59–62, 127n, 136–139, 175n

constitution of,

8:596

gravitational field of,

6:472 (see also Gravitational field: of mass point)

magnetic field of

(see Magnetism: terrestrial)

moment of inertia of,

7:142–143

motion of, relative to ether

(see Motion: relative)

observation of eccentricity of orbit of by redshift, AE on,

10:61

perihelion motion of,

6:242

rotation of,

7:xxviii, 142–146n, 197–198n; 8:79;

fluctuations in,

596

Easter message of Wilhelm II,

8:506n; 10:97n

Eastern Europe, effects of malnutrition in,

7:334n

Eastern European students, AE’s course in Berlin for,

10:386

Eastern Jews.

See Jews of eastern Europe

Ebert, Friedrich (1871–1925),

7:xxi; 8:944n, 961n, 1029c; 9:4n

Ebner, ?, official registrar,

9:84

Eckart, Pauline.

See Winteler, Pauline

Eclipse expedition.

See Solar eclipse expedition

Eclipse, solar.

See Solar eclipse

École Polytechnique, Paris,

7:349n; 9:333

Economics,

8:701, 756, 789

Economy, planned,

7:124n, 129n

Eddington, Arthur S. (1882–1944),

3:125n; 6:512, 537n–538n; 7:xxxi, 27n–28n, 101, 201n, 340n, 345, 410n, 581; 8:350n; 9:xxxiii–xxxvii, xxxix, li, 167, 182, 195, 199n, 262, 264, 304, 311, 369, 390n, 401, 408, 479, 498, 577c, 599c; 10:222–223, 226n, 309, 380, 500

and anti-relativists,

7:347

general relativity, interest in,

9:244

on German-British scientific collaboration,

9:307n

on Gold Medal affair,

9:369–370

gravitation and principle of relativity, lecture on,

7:201n

on gravitational field due to boundary conditions,

8:359n

on gravitational light deflection,

9:32

invites AE,

9:370, 408

Lorentz on book by,

10:320, 365

Mach’s principle, disagreement with AE on,

7:377, 409

publishes rebuttal against Guillaume,

10:xlix

as Quaker,

9:378n

relativistic theory of gravitation, on ignorance of in England,

8:323n, 384n

solar eclipse expedition of 1919,

7:xxx, 178n, 200, 201n, 210n; 9:201; 10:xxxvii;

debates on results,

9:474n

on positive results of,

9:186, 216; 10:222, 223

sends report of to AE,

10:309

stellar theory of,

9:13

on virial theorem,

7:425n

on Weyl’s theory,

9:113n, 263; 10:349n

Eder, Josef Maria (1855–1944),

5:212, 214n

Eeden, Frederik van (1860–1932),

9:322

Egidy, Moritz von (1847–1898),

10:329

Ehlers, Ernst (1835–1925),

5:502n

Ehrat, Emma,

5:158

Ehrat, Jakob (1876–1960),

1:214, 247, 253, 263, 269n, 290, 298–299, 329, 330, 337; 3:578–579; 5:5, 5n, 20, 20n, 21, 21n, 557n, 589; 8:511

AE as matchmaker for,

5:591n; 8:9

Bieberstein/Rhön, appointment in,

5:25, 26n

biography,

1:379

change of residence in Winterthur,

5:590

ETH, Assistent at,

1:250, 251, 252n, 253, 263n, 337n, 5:6n, 26n

marriage of,

5:590n

marriage plans of, AE on,

5:592

mountain trip with Solovine,

5:248

Swiss Patent Office, possible position at,

5:82

Thurgau Kantonsschule, candidate at,

1:250n, 251, 252n, 255

visits AE in Bern,

5:82, 85

Ehrat, Jakob, and Ehrat-Ühlinger, Emma, AE visits,

5:158

Ehrenberg, Helene (1852–1920),

10:315, 361n

Ehrenberg, Viktor G, (1851–1929),

9:242; 10:449n;

on AE as German and Jew,

9:243

Ehrenbergstraße,

8:55;

lodger for,

8:49n

Ehrenfest, Anna (1910–1979),

5:428, 429n, 451; 8:13; 9:146, 227;

drawing by of AE welcoming eclipse results,

9:246, 266

Ehrenfest, Anna and Tatiana, violins for,

9:267, 288–289, 316, 334n, 353, 402, 456–457, 471, 497; 10:246–247, 252, 267, 270, 277, 297, 337, 344, 366, 356

brought by AE,

10:xlv

confiscated in Bentheim,

10:247

Ehrenfest, Arthur (1862–?),

10:385n

Ehrenfest, Emil (1865–?),

5:423n

Ehrenfest paradox,

3:478–479, 482–483, 484n; 10:6, 7n, 10, 14

thought experiment to illustrate,

10:13n

See also Rotating disk

Ehrenfest, Paul (1880–1933),

2:102, 109–110, 138, 144, 253–254, 263, 267, 410, 412n; 3:xx, 478–479, 483, 484n, 562n; 4:5, 34, 112, 145n, 151, 299, 502n; 5:251n, 292n, 429, 468, 540; 6:40n, 261n; 7:223, 486n; 8:12, 15, 56, 84, 128n, 150, 160n, 164, 230, 232, 233n, 236, 237, 244n, 247n, 249, 285, 288, 331, 335, 338, 339, 346, 360, 361, 364, 371, 386, 390, 413n, 418, 427, 457, 464, 468, 476, 480, 484, 534, 536, 562n, 643n, 720, 892, 958, 960; 9:xxx, xxxviii, xlix, l, 15, 30n, 43n, 55, 55n, 101n, 129n, 139n, 152, 154, 171–172, 181, 181n, 195, 197, 203n, 216, 218, 221n, 221, 227, 255n, 263n, 266, 272, 286, 289, 315, 321, 332, 339, 352, 355, 360n, 362, 364n, 413, 422n, 456, 481, 497, 500, 507, 523, 578c; 10:xxxi, xlvi, 10, 20, 25n, 50–52, 56, 219n, 223, 253, 262, 267, 270, 279, 289n, 297, 311, 320, 356, 373, 417, 444, 465, 469, 471–472, 476

adiabatic invariants, theory of

(see Adiabatic invariants: Ehrenfest’s theory of)

advises on printed version of AE’s inaugural lecture,

9:371, 414, 469–470, 501–503

and AE,

8:13n, 20n, 22n, 76n, 144n, 165n

AE

on acquaintance with,

8:22

advises not to participate in Als-Ob conference,

10:xlv

on approval of professorship for,

10:344

on arithmetical miscalculation by,

9:414;

AE’s comment,

9:456

criticizes attire of,

10:252

on curators of Leyden professorship of,

10:366

on diet of,

9:165

discusses superconductivity with,

10:xlvii

discussions with,

10:257, 279

on Dutch visa for,

10:241–242, 375

on expectations toward,

10:366

expedites appointment of at University of Leyden,

10:364

first meeting with,

10:20

general relativity, congratulates for,

8:242

health of, worries about,

9:182

on inaugural lecture of,

10:366, 385;

attire for,

375

on invitation to University of Wisconsin of,

10:479

invites,

8:62, 228, 555; 9:15, 151, 183

plays Bach for,

10:253

plays music with,

10:220, 222–223, 519

on professorship for at University of Leyden,

9:145, 150–151, 164, 165, 371, 503; 10:xxxix, 389

requests expression of appreciation of for research by Julius,

10:518

requests intervention of for transit visa for Russian physicists,

10:517

on response from regarding Berlin Philharmonic event,

10:xl

on U.S. visit of,

10:479–480

visits by to Ehrenfest family,

8:11; 10:xxxii, xxxvii;

good memories of,

8:12, 340, 348

visits in Leyden,

8:13n, 22

visits in Prague,

5:393, 408, 422n, 428n

visits in Zurich,

5:508, 524n, 569n

AE declines invitation by,

8:228, 457

AE enjoys children of,

10:219, 247, 253, 264

AE invites to Berlin,

8:28

AE invites to Zurich,

5:523

AE praises,

8:19; 10:222–223

AE requests official invitation from,

8:892

AE visits,

8:11;

good memories of,

12, 340, 348

AE’s deep sympathy for,

10:298

AE’s financial debt to,

10:444

AE’s planned visit to,

5:563, 598n, 601, 602, 603, 607

against mass actions,

9:248

aids young Russian scientists,

9:153

anarchistic views of,

9:237

anti-Semitism, on efforts to fight against,

9:287

asked for newspaper article on relativity,

9:246

atheism of,

9:288n

atheism of, AE on,

10:20

on Bach’s music,

8:345n

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, reviews for,

2:109–110

on Bohr,

9:216; 10:xlvii, 244

Boltzmann principle, discussion with AE on,

8:20–22

on call to Ukrainian Academy of Sciences,

9:152

on collected articles of AE,

9:371, 414

collects literature and instruments for Russian colleagues,

10:376, 404, 425–426

comments on AE being called “Jewish Newton,”

9:287

critique of AE’s light emission experiment,

7:487n

on cynicism,

9:416

Debye’s negative comment on,

5:447n

declines invitation by Hilbert,

8:701, 715, 737, 740, 744, 756

dedication to AE by,

5:630c

depression of,

9:286; 10:368

disapproves of Einstein 1920f,

10:403–404, 426

on Dutch copies of AE’s inaugural lecture,

9:615c

economics, interested in,

8:701, 756, 789

efforts of on behalf of Epstein,

9:333–334, 344, 470, 487, 498

and Ehrenfest, Tatiana,

10:247, 251

emission theory of light, paper on, AE on,

5:450

on English edition of Einstein 1917a,

10:385

Epstein, invites to Leyden,

10:285n, 289

equivalence principle, generalization of,

5:487–496

European tour of,

5:393n

feelings of inferiority of,

10:375

financial problems of,

10:368

on fluctuations in radiation theory,

5:465

GDNÄ meeting in Nauheim, expects demonstration against AE at,

10:369

Habilitation attempts of,

5:408n, 422, 428n, 461

AE on,

5:408, 421, 427

Kleiner’s role in,

5:421, 422n

opposition by ETH authorities to,

5:464n

Sommerfeld on,

5:463n

Sommerfeld’s support of,

5:461, 476

Weiss’s role in,

5:427, 451, 476, 478n,

and Hebrew University,

9:222, 240, 287, 316, 332–333, 352

on Herglotz,

9:415

on historical development of theory of relativity,

9:247

hospitality of, AE on,

10:297–298

on identity as Jew,

9:287

ill with jaundice,

8:756, 789

on length contraction,

10:6

on literature about Jewish life,

9:415

liver condition of,

10:476

magnetic experiment of,

8:345

magnetic quanta of,

8:22

initiates meeting on magnetism (“Magnet-Woche”),

10:xlvi, 366, 368, 404

on mediating between Russian and Western European science,

9:153

nondenominationalism of,

5:422n, 452n;

AE’s criticism of,

5:451

on northern German self-confidence,

9:415

organizational talents of,

9:228n

on paramagnetism,

10:366–368, 376

on parameter-dependent weight function,

8:20n, 21, 23–27

passport confusion of,

5:423n

photochemical equivalence

generalization of AE’s work on,

5:440–444, 451

piano for,

9:315, 334n, 352, 376, 402, 413

on Planck’s ellipses,

8:21

plans to accompany AE to ETH,

5:464n

on political unrest and Jewish unity in Europe,

9:416

popular lectures on relativity by,

9:468

Prague, lecture in,

5:474n;

AE’s praise of,

5:446

radiation theory, paper on

AE on,

5:339

Besso on,

5:343

reads Bergson,

10:368

receives proofs of AE’s second paper on static gravitational field,

5:455

relativistic theory of gravitation, reception of,

8:263

on research of Russian colleagues,

10:426

on revolution in Europe,

9:416

rigid body motion in special relativity,

5:211n;

dispute with Varićak on,

292n

on rigid rotation in special relativity,

10:14

on sensitive areas on atoms,

8:30n

Solvay Congress, Third, invited to,

10:303

specific heat, work on,

8:41

suggests spherical four-dimensional space-time,

8:417n

on superconductivity,

9:504

University of Leyden, Lorentz’s successor at,

5:484, 490, 496n, 509, 509n; 10:xlii

University of Prague, candidacy for chair at,

5:470, 474n

Abraham’s recommendation for,

5:446

official evaluation of,

5:470–472

University of Zurich, candidacy for chair at

AE on,

5:446

Kleiner’s opposition to,

5:451

Van der Goot’s statement, signs,

8:63

violins for daughters of,

9:267, 288–289, 316, 334n, 353, 402, 456–457, 471, 497; 10:246–247, 252, 267, 270, 277, 297, 337, 344, 366, 356

brought by AE,

10:xlv

confiscated in Bentheim,

10:247

visit by Russian physicists,

10:465, 517

visits Herglotz in Leipzig,

5:393n

visits Petzoldt,

8:31n

visits Smoluchowski in Lemberg,

5:429n

vitality of,

8:865

Volga trip with Tatiana Ehrenfest,

5:460

on worldlines-field corresponding to static gravitational field,

5:460, 462

on Zionism,

9:248

Ehrenfest Jr., Paul (1915–1939),

9:146, 227; 10:257, 404;

AE plays with,

10:247

Ehrenfest, Tatiana (1905–1984),

5:428, 429n, 451; 8:13; 9:xl, 227, 413; 10:344

Ehrenfest, Wassily (1918–1933),

8:865; 9:146, 227, 248

Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa, Tatiana (1876–1964),

5:393n, 428, 440, 451, 524n; 8:12, 345; 9:146, 216, 227, 248, 316, 457; 10:xxxvii, 220;

visits Katwijk with AE,

10:265, 270

Ehrenfest’s adiabatic theorem.

See Adiabatic invariants: Ehrenfest’s theory of

Ehrenhaft, Felix (1879–1952),

2:220; 3:509, 509n; 5:290, 320, 322n; 8:935, 1009c; 9:7, 276, 298, 340n, 365, 367, 369, 393, 397–399, 413, 428, 436, 440–441; 10:294–295, 436n, 546n

AE on abilities of,

9:368

AE

expresses sympathy for,

10:422

invites to lecture in Vienna,

10:608c;

accepted,

609c, 610c

invites to Vienna,

9:133n, 586c

nominates for Nobel Prize,

8:994c, 1015c

on application for KWIP funds,

9:73

approached by Weyland for anti-relativity lecture,

10:422

Brownian motion, experiments on,

8:902–903, 916, 941

criticizes Bär,

8:904

elementary charge, discussion with AE on,

8:861–862, 902–905

experiments on elementary charge, controversy on,

5:291n, 320n

GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim, lecture at,

10:422

offers AE his home to room,

9:277

photophoresis, experiments on,

8:861, 903, 961; 9:252; 10:580c

subelectron of,

3:xxvi, 509n; 8:459n, 464, 548, 861, 862, 902, 941; 10:295–297;

Norst on,

10:580c

theories of, AE on,

10:322

University of Vienna

appointment at, AE on,

10:322–323, 580c

candidacy for chair at,

9:398–400, 461

on difficulties in obtaining chair at,

10:422

visits Meyer,

8:902, 904, 916

Ehrhardt, Paul,

8:566n

Ehrler, Hans H. (1872–1951),

9:70n

Eichelberg, Gustav (1891–1976),

3:6, 242n, 599

Eichenwald, Aleksandr (1863–1944),

7:88;

experiments by,

4:17, 27; 6:48, 67n

Eichhorn, Gustav (1867–?),

5:430, 431n

Eichhorn, Walter,

3:9

Eidgenössische Polytechnische Schule.

See ETH

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule.

See ETH

Eidgenössisches Amt für geistiges Eigentum.

See Swiss Federal Patent Office

Einbeck, Georg (1870–1951),

10:402

Einsiedeln, Canton of Schwyz,

1:225

Einstein & Cie., Munich.

See J. Einstein & Cie.

Einstein & Co., Milan.

See Einstein e C.

Einstein, Abraham (1808–1868),

Einstein, Abraham Ruppert (1808–1868),

1:xlviii–xlix, 1n; 5:324n, 559n; 7:440n; 9:294n

EINSTEIN, ALBERT (1879–1955)

ADDRESSES

Of AE

Berlin, Ehrenbergstraße 33,

5:636c; 8:12n;

Wittelsbacherstraße 33,

8:85n;

Haberlandstraße 5,

8:512, 515n,

ground plan of apartment,

562n

Bern, Gerechtigkeitsgasse 32,

1:331, 333–334;

Thunstraße 43a,

1:340;

5:

Aegertenstrasse 53,

5:39n, 40, 620c;

Archivstrasse 8,

5:9, 617c;

Besenscheuerweg 28,

5:34n, 618c;

Kramgasse 49,

5:26n;

Tillierstrasse 18,

5:9n, 617n

Lucerne, Brambergstrasse 16A,

8:479

Prague, Třebízského ulice 7,

5:289n, 627c

Schaffhausen, Bahnhofstraße 102,

1:327, 376;

Fulachstraße 22,

1:318n, 376

Winterthur, Äussere Schaffhauserstraße 38,

1:299, 308, 310

Zurich, Dolderstraße 17,

1:267, 269, 272, 277, 375;

Klosbachstraße 87,

1:229n, 241n, 246, 374;

Unionstraße 4,

1:54, 234n, 242, 275, 373;

Moussonstrasse 12,

5:212n, 624c;

Hofstrasse 116,

5:501n, 631c

Of Einstein family

Milan, via Berchet 2,

1:liii n, 372;

via Bigli 21,

1:liv n, 231, 263, 278, 284, 373

Munich, Adlzreiterstraße 14,

1:li n, liii n;

Müllerstraße 3,

1:li n, 370

Pavia, via Foscolo 11,

1:liv n

Ulm, Bahnhofstraße B 135,

1:1

CAREER

Albert-Einstein-Spende, trustee of,

10:578c

Annalen der Philosophie, invited to serve on editorial board,

8:888

Assistent, tries to find position as,

1:xxxvi–xxxvii, 44, 44n, 269n, 285, 287, 290

with Battelli in Pisa,

1:285, 287

convinced Weber is hindering,

1:xxxvii, 279, 281–282, 290

in Germany, hampered by anti-Semitism,

1:282

with Hurwitz at ETH,

1:xxxvi, 249, 250, 253, 255, 256, 262, 263, 264, 269

in Italy,

1:282

with Kamerlingh Onnes in Leyden,

1:288–289; 5:4n

with Koch in Stuttgart,

1:285

with Ostwald in Leipzig,

1:278–279, 284, 289

with Paalzow in Berlin,

5:4

with Riecke in Göttingen,

1:279, 281

with Righi in Bologna,

1:285, 287

with Wiener in Leipzig,

1:277

Berlin

office in Haber’s institute,

5:604

position at Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt,

5:457n;

offered,

480;

declined,

511

Deutsches Museum, elected member of board of,

9:602c;

nominated,

594c

Doctoral dissertation,

2:xx, 170–182, 184–202, 203n, 211; 3:xvi, 6, 418n

Burkhardt’s opinion on,

5:36

calculation of molecular size in,

5:18n

calculational error in,

5:36n

comments on,

5:31

hydration hypothesis in,

5:16n

Kleiner’s opinion on,

5:35–36

official acceptance of,

5:36n

Doctorate,

1:265, 290, 328; 5:32n

awarding of,

5:37n

first attempt,

2:xix, 6–7, 170, 175–176, 266

gives up attempts at,

5:11, 12n

with Kleiner at University of Zurich,

1:xl, 61, 266, 318n, 320, 322, 326–328, 330–331

petitions for awarding of,

5:33

with Weber,

1:xxxvii, 61, 258, 259n, 270, 272, 273n

DPG

member of advisory committee of,

8:760n, 818n; 10:24n

member of board of directors of,

8:31

Employment

attempts to find,

1:xxxvii, 298, 304, 306, 308;

difficulties in, Einstein-Marić on reasons for,

320

ETH

appointment to chair at,

5:382, 406, 411;

acceptance of,

351, 352, 409n;

comments in Prague on,

432;

congratulations from: Chavan,

387,

Hopf,

416,

Lorentz,

364,

Schenk,

399,

Stern,

403;

defrayal of moving expenses,

407;

happiness about,

402;

meeting with Gnehm about,

365, 367, 368, 371n, 372, 376, 392n;

negotiations for,

365, 367;

offer of,

350;

official approval by Swiss Federal Council,

398, 399n;

official notification of,

407;

official recommendation for,

392, 396;

overcoming opposition to,

399n;

possibility of,

327, 330n, 336, 346, 349;

reactions to Zangger’s role,

333n;

role of: Forrer,

340, 341n,

Grossmann,

368,

Zangger,

325n, 350n, 352, 371, 378;

terms of,

392n, 399n;

thanks Forrer for,

402;

urges Grossmann to initiate negotiations for,

367;

Zangger on desirability of,

332;

Zangger’s enthusiasm about,

398; 10:xxxiii, 17

attempts to keep AE at,

5:583n

change of AE’s class hours at,

5:503, 510

comments on lecturing at,

5:568

joint professorship with University of Zurich offered

(see Einstein, Albert: Career: University of Zurich)

reaction to planned departure from,

5:529n

request for resignation from chair at,

5:572;

approval of,

583

studies at,

5:4

takes courses with, 5:Minkowski,

77n;

Fiedler,

182n

GDNÄ, member of scientific committee of,

10:440, 600c

German Mathematical Society, invited to join,

8:762;

joins,

765

Gesellschaft für positivistische Philosophie, one of founders of,

8:17n, 495n

Insurance company, position with

refuses,

1:255

tries to find,

1:xxxvii, 300, 301, 303, 305, 308–309; 8:4n

Königlich Wissenschaftliches Prüfungsamt, member of,

9:65n

KWIP

plans for,

5:598n, 602, 602n

planned directorship of,

5:529n

director of,

8:513; 10:68

Direktorium of, member of,

8:527n

Lenzburg, looks for position in,

8:3

Mathematische Annalen, editor of,

9:602c

Mercur Aircraft Co., scientific collaborator at,

8:588n

PAW

Astrophysical Observatory, member of appointment commission on directorship of,

8:385, 412n

Geodetic Institute: intervenes in selecting director for,

8:594, 599;

member of committee on directorship of,

796n

PAW, appointment at

acceptance of,

5:534n, 582

comments on,

5:546

conditions of,

5:569

discussion of with Planck and Nernst,

5:534

Haber’s plans for,

5:510–512;

financial consequences of,

512

official notification of,

5:569

official proposal for,

5:526–528

pleased with,

5:537

procedure of,

5:529n, 534n, 569n

salary,

5:529n;

Koppel’s financial support of,

581n

uneasiness about,

5:582n

Private tutor,

1:xxxvii, 256, 262, 269, 270, 272, 307, 334, 335. See also Cahen, Louis; Nüesch, Jakob

Royal Society of Göttingen: corresponding member of: proposed,

8:222n;

elected,

222, 227

Secondary school teacher, tries to find position as,

1:282. See also Technikum Burgdorf; Thurgau Kantonsschule

Stark, Johannes, declines position offered by,

5:167;

Stark’s reaction,

167

Students,

3:xvii, 3. See also Bloch, Werner; Dallenbach, Walter; Dübi, Walter; Eichelberg, Gustav; Eichhorn, Walter; Sidler, Eduard; Tanner, Hans; Zabel, Walter

Swiss Federal Patent Office

appointment at,

1:xxxvii, 338–340, 377; 5:6n

Director Haller, AE on,

5:22

position at,

1:291n, 292, 321n, 327, 376; 5:34

promotion at, to Technical Expert second class,

5:38, 39n;

to Technical Expert third class,

29, 29n

requirements for position,

1:336

resignation from,

5:201

salary at,

5:7n, 29, 39

work at, AE on,

5:6, 81n;

Einstein-Marić on,

7n

Teaching

praised by University of Zurich students,

5:243

Zangger on qualities of,

5:332

Technikum Burgdorf, looks for position at,

8:4n

Technikum Winterthur, consults Grossmann for application at,

5:84n

University of Bern

Habilitation at,

3:xvi; 5:105;

failed attempts at,

11, 12, 18n, 48, 48n;

Gruner’s role in,

96;

Kleiner’s comments on procedure for,

95;

Kleiner’s role in,

97;

topic of Habilitationsschrift,

96

inaugural lecture at,

5:105, 105n

request for withdrawal from,

5:203

University of Leyden

candidacy for Lorentz’s chair at,

5:366n, 409;

dismay at,

411, 509;

refusal of,

411, 421, 480

special professor at,

7:321n, 323n; 9:150–151, 154, 180n, 247, 267, 352, 355, 362–363, 457, 469; 10:xlii–xlvi, 242n, 246, 257, 279, 298, 337, 585c, 587c, 600c;

appointment delayed,

252, 277, 320;

salary,

588c

University of Prague

appointment to chair at: announcement of,

5:264;

candidacy for,

243;

conditions of,

255–256, 272, 283;

difficulties involved in,

247n, 253;

Adler on candidacy for,

254n;

official notification of,

266;

offer of,

255;

reasons for acceptance of,

274n;

recommendation for,

239n, 244n;

role of religious affiliation in,

254n, 266n;

trip to Vienna to discuss conditions of,

257n;

uncertainty about,

265;

takes oath of office,

314

assisted by Nohel at,

5:333n

attempts to retain AE at,

5:433n

conditions at, AE on,

5:347, 433

library budget at,

5:305

petition for release from position at,

5:402

professor at,

8:12n

quarters at,

5:291n

reasons for leaving,

5:499, 500n

satisfaction with work conditions at,

5:499

students at, AE on,

5:404, 433

work at, AE on,

5:293, 295, 308

University of Utrecht, candidacy for chair at

asks more information,

5:327

considers offer,

5:325, 327

declines offer,

5:312n, 347, 349

discussion with Lorentz in Brussels on,

5:348n, 364

financial conditions,

5:329

invitation for,

5:311, 323

Julius’s reaction to AE’s refusal,

5:315, 354

Lorentz’s regret about AE’s refusal of,

5:363, 364n

Lorentz’s role in,

5:351n, 354, 356

misunderstanding of Lorentz’s opinion on,

5:348n;

apologies for,

358

official recommendation for,

5:340n

postpones decision on,

5:336, 340

visit to Julius on,

5:345, 346;

AE on,

347

University of Vienna

possible position at,

5:372n, 399n, 480; 8:264, 265n

position at, gives consideration to an offer of,

10:38

University of Zurich

appointment to chair at: Fiedler’s congratulations on,

5:182;

Laub’s congratulations on,

184;

procedure of,

190n;

terms of,

181n

candidacy for chair at,

5:131, 169;

Kleiner’s support of,

94n, 96n, 159n, 160n, 188

comments on activities at,

5:224, 226, 227

comments on lecturing at,

5:218, 238

inaugural lecture at,

5:224n

joint professorship with ETH: compromise accepted,

8:969, 972–973;

compromise suggested,

855–858, 870, 873, 879, 881n, 884, 885n, 894, 909, 911n, 912, 915, 916n, 935, 939, 950n, 961;

offered,

455n, 849, 850n, 851–853, 854, 953

lack of influence at,

5:546

plans to offer professorship at,

9:78, 109, 180n, 301, 329, 381, 588c, 591c

resignation from chair at,

5:274;

Kleiner’s reaction on,

275n;

procedure of,

275n

resolve to stay at,

5:261n

salary raise at,

5:244n

student petition to retain AE at,

5:243

students in courses at,

5:244n

succeeded by Debye at,

5:291n

Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Luftfahrt, invited to join,

8:709

Zeitler’s Studentenhaus-Zusatzstiftung, member of special board of trustees,

10:603c

Zurich Gymnasium, applies for vacancy at,

5:92

CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE, 1:lvi–lxvi, 1

Birth,

1:xxxvi, lvi, 1

Birth of sister Maja,

1:lvi–lvii, 370 (see also Winteler-Einstein, Maja)

Compass, wonder at,

1:5, 370

Elementary schooling

(see Petersschule)

Geometry, interest in,

8:113

Hobbies,

8:190, 367, 380

Instruction at home,

1:lvii, 370

Latin reports,

8:367n

Milan, family moves to: from Munich,

1:liii–liv, 371;

from Pavia,

liv, 45n, 373

Munich: family moves to from Ulm,

1:li, 370;

leaves to join family in Milan,

xxxvi, lxiii, 372

Music, learns,

8:381

Parents

(see Einstein, Hermann; Einstein, Pauline)

Pavia, family moves to from Milan,

1:liv, 372

Religious instruction,

1:lix

Religious sentiments, Jewish,

1:lix–lx, 370

Reluctant to write letters,

8:234

Secondary schooling

(see Aargau Kantonsschule; Luitpold-Gymnasium)

Speech, late development of,

1:lvi, 370

Talmey, friendship with

(see Talmey, Max)

Unhappiness at Luitpold-Gymnasium,

8:531, 532n

Winteler-Einstein on,

1:xlviii–lxvi

See also Einstein, Albert: Personal

COURSES TAUGHT, 3:598–600

Berlin, for foreigners, introduction to theoretical physics (1920),

9:xlvii, 434n, 523

ETH

analytical mechanics (WS 1912/13),

5:503n; 8:137n

electricity and magnetism (WS 1913/14),

3:8; 4:3, 6, 106n, 108n, 298, 300, 512–519; 5:538n; 6:67n, 68n; 8:137n

geometrical optics and diffraction (WS 1913/14),

5:538n; 8:137n

mechanics of continua (SS 1913),

5:538n

molecular theory of heat (SS 1913),

2:41, 54–55; 3:6, 572; 5:538n

physics seminar (WS 1912/13),

5:503n, 538n; 8:137n;

(WS 1913/14),

5:538n

physics seminar (SS 1913),

5:538n

thermodynamics (WS 1912/13),

5:503n; 8:137n

University of Berlin

course fee,

9:581c;

free admission to,

425;

sets conditions for participation in,

601c;

stops temporarily,

147, 574c;

uproar at his lecture,

xlvii, 422–423, 423n, 426–427, 429, 437, 446, 510, 600c, 601c; 10:xliii,

consequences of,

9:437;

press coverage of,

428, 450;

for war veterans,

552c

relativity (WS 1914/15),

6:44–66; 8:64n;

(SS 1915),

129n, 144;

(SS 1917),

485n;

(WS1918/19),

7:86–97, 177n, 279n; 8:906;

(SS 1919),

7:xxxii, 139n, 147–176, 188n, 281n; 8:670n, 699n, 824n

relativity (Zwischensemester 1919),

9:17n;

(SS 1919),

64, 562c;

(WS 1919/20),

599c

statistical mechanics (WS 1915/16, WS 1917/18),

2:41, 54–55; 3:7–8

statistical mechanics and Boltzmann’s principle (WS 1915/16),

8:239n

statistical mechanics and quantum theory (WS1917/18),

8:561, 735

various topics in theoretical physics (WS 1920/21),

10:602c

University of Bern

molecular theory of heat (SS 1908),

2:41, 54–55; 3:7; 5:99n, 189n

theory of radiation (WS 1908/09),

5:160n; 8:288n

University of Prague

mechanics (WS 1911/12),

5:350n

mechanics of continua (SS 1912),

5:481n

mechanics of discrete mass points (SS 1911),

5:294n

molecular theory of heat (SS 1912),

5:481n

physics seminar (SS 1911),

5:294n;

(WS 1911/12),

350n;

(SS 1912),

481n

theory of heat (WS 1911/12),

5:350n

thermodynamics (SS 1911),

5:294n

University of Zurich,

3:xv, xvii, 3–10

courses not extended,

9:572c;

on free admission to,

329;

quits,

147, 326, 404;

tired of,

6

electricity and magnetism (WS 1910/11),

3:xvii, 8, 126n, 127n, 316–396, 396n–400n; 5:258n

general relativity (SS 1919),

7:xxxii, 146n, 185–188

kinetic theory of heat (SS 1910),

2:41, 42, 54–55; 3:xvii, 6–8, 10, 179–241, 242n–247n, 562n; 4:534n; 5:239n; 6:170n, 189n, 579n

mechanics (SS 1910),

2:180

mechanics (WS 1909/10),

3:xvii, 3–6, 8–9, 11–125, 125n–129n, 572, 593; 4:209n, 355; 5:211n;

(SS 1910),

239n; 7:424n

physics seminar (SS 1910),

2:180; 5:239n

physics seminar (WS 1909/10),

5:211n;

(WS 1910/11),

258n

relativity (Jan–Feb 1919),

9:3n, 4n, 16, 550c, 551c

selected topics in theoretical physics (WS 1910/11)

special relativity (WS 1918/19),

7:86–97, 177n, 279n

theoretical physics (Jul–Aug 1919),

9:57, 80, 89, 91, 99, 105, 132, 563c; 10:195n, 197–202, 205–206, 208–209

thermodynamics (WS 1909/10),

5:211n

topics in theoretical physics (WS 1919/20),

9:578c

Volkshochschule Groß-Berlin

kinematics and equilibrium of bodies (1920),

9:599c

writing up,

9:449, 523;

for publication,

295, 412

EVALUATION OF ABILITIES OF

Bernoulli,

9:315

Born,

9:440

Buchholz,

10:357, 453

Debye, Keesom, van Laar, and Ornstein,

5:373–375

Ehrenhaft,

9:367, 413, 441, 491

Epstein,

9:405; 10:352, 547

Flamm,

10:547

Greinacher,

8:152, 994c

Krüger,

8:624, 625

Küstner,

8:324n

Laue,

10:547

Lenz,

10:547

Marx,

9:360–361

Meyer,

8:172; 9:377; 10:28

Perrier,

8:152

Petzoldt,

8:54

Piccard, ,

8:148–149, 152–153, 154, 172

Ratnowsky,

9:405

Reiche,

10:547

Runge,

10:172

Scherrer,

9:405

Schrödinger,

10:547

Schweidler,

9:413

Schweydar,

8:622, 625

Stern,

10:353

Successor of Paschen,

9:357

Tank,

9:405

Thirring,

10:547

EXPERT OPINIONS

On aircraft,

8:588

Asked to serve as patent expert,

9:463, 464–465, 567c

On device for determination of direction of sound waves,

7:472–477, 480–481

On device to generate electrical waves,

7:365–366

On gyrocompass,

6:137–143, 143n, 144n, 146; 146, 207–210; 7:81–84, 190–195; 8:63n, 790, 811–812, 832, 837, 857; 10:196, 206

On incandescent lamps,

9:595c

On mixing-tubes,

8:287

On production of tungsten wires for filaments in incandescent lamps,

7:242–243; 10:607c

FAMILY

See Einstein, Abraham Ruppert (grandfather), Einstein, Edith (cousin); Einstein, Eduard (son), Einstein, Elsa (cousin and second wife); Einstein, Hans Albert (son), Einstein, Helene (grandmother); Einstein, Ilse (stepdaughter), Einstein, Jakob (uncle); Einstein, Hermann (father); Einstein, Ida (aunt); Einstein, Margot (stepdaughter), Einstein, Pauline (mother); Einstein, Robert (cousin); Einstein, Rudolf (uncle); Einstein-Marić (first wife), Koch, Alice (cousin); Koch, Caesar (uncle); Koch, Fanny (aunt); Koch, Jette (grandmother); Koch, Julius (grandfather); Koch, Jacob (uncle); Koch, Julie (aunt); Koch, Mathilde (aunt); Koch, Paul (cousin); Koch, Raymond (cousin); Koch, Robert (cousin); Koch, Suzanne (cousin); Winteler-Einstein, Maja (sister)

FINANCES

Bank account in Prague,

8:86n, 128, 1007c

Course fee

at University of Berlin,

9:581c

at University of Zurich,

6n, 90

Czech taxation,

9:555c

Defrayal of moving expenses,

8:56

Devaluation of German mark,

9:90, 138, 147, 195, 201, 222, 226, 234, 242, 289, 293, 306, 456, 486; 10:81, 121, 362

Expenses for Eduard Einstein sanatorium,

10:89, 91, 113, 121, 126, 129, 133, 135, 137, 145

Honorarium

for copyright of Russian edition of Einstein 1917a,

10:570c, 572c, 573c

for lecture at Chemisch-Physikalische Gesellschaft in Vienna,

10:609c

for lecture at Kiel Autumn Week for Arts and Sciences,

10:549

from Anschütz-Kaempfe,

10:533, 544

requested from Princeton University,

10:490

Income,

8:39, 40n, 41n, 43, 52, 453, 513, 514n, 563n, 714n, 978, 991c, 992c, 1009c–1010c, 1029c; 10:81, 83, 89

from abroad,

9:270

from Luftverkehrsgesellschaft,

10:106–107

from shares,

9:3n, 126n, 214, 551c, 576c

from Switzerland,

9:346n

Indebted to Zangger,

9:345

One-time subvention from Prussian Ministry of Education,

8:1013

One-time support from Ministry of Education,

9:574c, 575c

On payment for Hans Albert Einstein’s boarding,

9:306

Royalties for

4th English edition of Einstein 1917a,

10:610c, 612c, 613c

9th German edition of Einstein 1917a,

10:577c

10th edition of Einstein 1917a,

10:592c, 597c–601c;

lost royalty cheque for 10th edition,

611c

11th and 12th editions of Einstein 1917a,

10:607c

Einstein 1920j,

10:613c

English edition of Einstein 1917a,

10:569c, 593c, 608c

French edition of Einstein 1917a,

10:574c

new printing of Einstein 1916f,

10:573c, 596c

Spanish edition of Einstein 1917a,

10:591c

Salary,

10:xxxvii, xliii, xlv

in 1919 as director of KWIP,

10:598c

from KWIP,

9:126n, 155n, 303n, 559c

from PAW,

9:126n, 142, 155n, 303n;

onetime supplement,

126n;

raise,

125–126, 196n, 580c, 581c, 582c, 587c, 589c

raised, 10:by PAW,

579c, 580c, 606c, 613c;

by KWG,

572c

as special professor at University of Leyden,

10:588c

at University of Leyden,

9:247, 346n, 362

Shares from Schweizerische Auer-Aktien-Gesellschaft,

10:231, 234, 567c

Support to

Pauline Einstein,

9:138; 10:81

Swiss family,

9:9–10, 90, 138, 154, 196, 234, 242, 270, 338, 345, 452, 486, 496; 10:67, 69, 81, 89, 92, 106, 110, 133, 136–137, 279, 330, 342, 362, 418, 444, 528, 567c

two households,

9:306;

wartime tax declaration,

420, 601c

Tax problems,

10:106, 133, 135

Unpaid bill in Prague,

8:11

See also Einstein, Albert: Popular book on relativity

INVITATIONS FROM

Als-Ob conference, to attend,

9:493,

accepts,

532, 611c

Annalen der Philosophie, to join editorial board,

9:44

Anschütz-Kaempfe,

9:7; 10:458, 531, 533, 544

Arts and Sciences Committee of Deutscher Schutzbund für die Grenz- und Auslandsdeutschen, to join,

9:350;

declines,

357

Association for Combating Anti-Semitism, to join executive board,

10:432, 597c

Basel conference on Hebrew University, to attend,

9:212, 253–254

Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte, to join,

9:572c

Born, Max and Hedwig,

10:361, 418

Bund Deutscher Gelehrter und Künstler, to join, declines,

9:357

Cassirer,

10:586c

Das Odeon, to join editorial board,

9:391–392;

declines,

394

De Haas-Lorentz,

10:602c

Demokratischer Klub, to join,

9:574c, 576c

Eddington, Arthur,

9:370, 408;

accepts,

401

Ehrenfest,

9:183

Exner, to join Freie Vereinigung für Technische Volksbildung, Vienna,

10:583c;

declines,

586c

Freie Akademische Vereinigung an der Technischen Hochschule Dresden, accepts,

10:599c, 601c

German Red Cross, on American support for German science,

10:599c

Graetz, declines,

5:264

Grossmann, to University of Zurich, declines,

10:211

Haenisch,

9:477

Hilbert, to Wolfskehl meeting,

5:502;

declines,

505

Intellectus et Labor, to join committee supervising,

9:576c

Julius-Einthoven,

10:597c

KWG, for meeting on salaries,

10:570c

Landau, Leo,

10:592c

Laub,

5:185

Lindemann, , to Oxford,

10:535

Lorentz, to stay with in Leyden,

5:276

Mathematische Annalen, to join editorial board,

9:317, 590c

Meyer, to University of Zurich, declines,

10:211

Monistenbund, to join,

9:347–348;

declines,

358

National Research Council,

10:493, 524;

declines,

496, 612c;

Ehrenfest on,

481;

financial demands,

490, 494, 514–515, 523n–524n;

on agent in U.S.,

514, 515, 530

Oppenheim, Paul,

9:255, 360

Perrin,

9:225

Pfeiffer, to join organizing committee of exhibition and congress on German book,

10:584c;

declines,

584c

Rosen,

10:570c, 571c, 573c

Schlick,

9:198–199

Schmidt, for lunch,

10:598c

Trowbridge, declines,

10:494

University of Bern,

10:597c

University of Frankfurt,

10:599c

University of Oslo, declines,

10:488

University of Rostock, to attend jubilee,

9:198, 203, 216n, 219, 225, 280, 580c; 10:222

University of Zurich

to lecture course at,

9:300–301, 552c, 553c, 554c, 564c, 568c, 572c, 573c, 587c;

declines,

329;

offer withdrawn,

591c

to professorship at,

10:481;

declines,

496–497

Wiedemann, to write book, declines,

5:200

Zeitler’s Studienhaus-Zusatzstiftung, to session of,

10:603c

INVITATIONS TO LECTURE AT/IN

Allgemeine Studenten-Vertretung an der Technischen Hochschule Dresden,

10:590c;

accepts,

591c, 608c, 612c, 613c

Amsterdam, declines,

5:277

Arbeitsgemeinschaft 1920, Munich,

10:451–452

Austrian section of Society of German Engineers,

10:385n

Berufsamt für Akademiker,

9:611c

Chemical-Physical Society, Vienna,

9:276, 586c

Chemisch-Physikalische Gesellschaft in Vienna, by Ehrenhaft,

10:608c;

accepts,

609c, 610c

Collège de France, Michonis lectures,

5:571n

Columbia University,

5:388;

declines,

395, 397, 404; 10:17, 442

Danish Astronomical Society,

10:244, 568c

Frankfurter Gesellschaft für Handel, Industrie und Wissenschaft, literary club of,

9:516, 536, 604c, 611

Freie Vereinigung für technische Volksbildung in Vienna, declines,

10:609c

Gauverein of DPG in Munich,

10:452

GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim,

10:302;

declines,

353

German Pharmacological Society,

10:589c;

declines,

598c

Hannover,

10:444, 446, 475

Karlsruhe,

10:11

Kiel Autumn Week for Arts and Sciences,

9:612c; 10:330;

accepts,

570c

Liga zur Beförderung der Humanität,

9:559c

Madrid,

10:583c;

declines,

587c

Monistenbund,

9:34

Munich,

9:6, 404; 10:530–531, 543;

declines,

532

Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein in Hamburg,

9:607c, 616c

Norwegian Students’ Association,

10:246, 275, 292

Own apartment, by Arco, on principle of relativity,

9:64

PAW public session,

10:604c

Princeton University,

10:441, 443, 491, 494, 514, 601c;

accepts,

490;

financial demands,

490, 539

Schwäbische Sternwarte Society,

10:419

Spain,

9:527, 614c, 615c; 10:443, 571c;

accepts,

576c;

declines,

586c, 590c

Technical University of Dresden,

10:532

Third Solvay Congress,

10:302, 312

United States,

10:491

University of Basel,

10:602c;

postpones,

606c

University of Frankfurt,

9:281

University of Geneva,

9:341, 354, 372, 451

University of Hamburg,

9:616c

University of Kristiania (Oslo),

9:497, 504, 536, 607c; 10:462

University of Peking (Beijing),

10:598c

University of Utrecht,

10:375

University of Vienna,

5:372n;

declines,

395, 404; 10:17

University of Wisconsin,

10:479, 494, 514, 604c

Urania, Vienna: accepts,

10:609c;

terminates series,

610c

Zentralkomitee für das ärztliche Fortbildungswesen in Preußen,

10:599c

JEWISH MATTERS

Anti-Semitism,

7:xli, 9:230

during schooltime in Munich,

9:492

German,

1:282; 9:268, 352

Appeal “Für den Aufbau des jüdischen Palästina,” signs,

9:193, 579c

Association for Combating Anti-Semitism,

10:597c;

does not join board of,

432

Eastern European Jews, petition to have courses for,

9:433–434

Hebrew University

Basel conference on: cannot attend,

9:298;

invited,

212, 253–254;

plans to participate in,

293, 306, 588c;

recommends Ehrenfest,

227

on being funded by world Jewry,

9:181

on close ties with institute of technology,

9:267

discusses with Zionists,

9:578c

on European quality of,

9:181

for East European Jewish students,

9:227, 352

interested in,

9:152

involvement in,

9:xlv–xlvi, 222

no teaching at because of lack of knowledge of Hebrew,

9:152

on plans for,

9:352, 457

recommends Courant for professorship,

9:222

recommends Ehrenfest for professorship,

9:222, 578c

recommends Epstein for professorship,

9:180, 222, 578c

recommends Landau for professorship,

9:222

statement on founding of,

9:601c

Jewish Community of Berlin

declines joining,

10:534

requested to pay congregational tax to,

10:611c

Jewish Congress, joins committee for preparation of,

8:964n

Jewish homeland in Palestine,

9:16, 181, 222, 307

Jewish identity,

1:lix–ix, 12, 282; 9:181, 468, 492, 495

“Jewish Newton,”

9:287

Jewish scholars, in favor of fund-raising among Jews for,

9:230

On Jewish students not admitted to German universities,

10:350

On Jews,

9:16, 230n, 294, 494–495

Offers contribution to Jewish charity,

10:534

Religious affiliation,

9:83, 448, 468, 495; 10:21n, 534

Sends manuscript of Einstein 1920k for Jewish philanthropic cause,

10:504

On status of German Jewish Community,

10:xli

Verein zur Gründung und Erhaltung einer Akademie für die Wissenschaft des Judentums, chairman of,

9:593c

Zionism, support for,

9:180

Zionists, meets with,

9:181n, 223n, 550c

LECTURES AT, ON

Berlin-Treptow Observatory, relativity of motion and gravitation (1915),

8:996c

Bund “Neues Vaterland,” in honor of Colin (1919),

9:589c

Danish Astronomical Society, gravitation and geometry (1920),

10:321, 364, 581c

DPG

Ampère’s molecular currents (1915),

6:145, 147, 151–169;

(1916),

271–275; 8:995c;

(1916),

198n, 261n

directed wireless telegraphy (1916),

8:1003c

general relativity: and perihelion motion of Mercury (1915),

8:999c;

boundary conditions in (1919),

8:1011c

Hamilton-Jacobi equation (1917),

8:442n

Jacobi’s theorem (1917),

6:575n

paramagnetism (1914),

8:994c

photochemical equivalence (1916),

8:1002c

Planck (1918),

8:628, 671, 672, 735, 855

quantum theorem of Sommerfeld and Epstein (1917),

6:556–566

quantum theory (1914),

6:30–38; 8:42n, 54, 442

quantum theory of radiation (Jul 1916),

8:1003c;

(Oct–Nov 1916),

6:398n; 8:1004c

quantum theory of Sommerfeld and Epstein (1917),

8:388n, 442n

recognition of periodic processes (1914),

4:607n; 8:60n

Smoluchowski (1917),

8:551n

theory of Tetrode and Sackur (1916),

6:261n; 8:186n, 244, 247, 263n

theory of water waves and of flight (1916),

6:402n; 8:288n

ETH, surface fluctuations (1913),

5:540

GDNÄ

meeting in Salzburg (1909), radiation theory,

2:134–135, 142, 147–148, 270, 273, 564–582; 4:110; 5:81n, 190n, 209, 210n

meeting in Vienna (1913), gravitation,

4:126, 295, 297, 298, 299, 358, 470, 471n, 487–500, 505–509, 581; 5:522; 8:141n, 694n

Kiel Autumn Week for Arts and Sciences, space and time in relativity theory (1920),invited,

9:613c; 10:xlvi, 431, 434, 598c

King’s College, theory of relativity (1921),

7:431–433

Kyoto University, relativity (1922),

5:32n

Leyden Society for Scientific Lectures, University of Leyden, space and time inrecent physics (1920),

10:262, 264, 267, 271, 289, 572c

Middle-school teachers in Zurich, recent developments in theoretical physics, lecture series (1911),

5:333n, 337;

accepts Grossmann’s invitation for,

294;

topics of,

339n

Monistenbund, private lecture (1919),

9:34, 64

Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bern

Brownian motion (1907),

2:408n, 206, 408, 408n

electromagnetic waves (1903),

2:261

Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Zürich

gravitation (1914),

4:295, 584–586; 5:599n

relativity (1911),

3:425–438, 439n, 457; 5:265;

publication of,

275n, 275, 305

Norwegian Students’ Association, University of Kristiania (Oslo)

three lectures on special relativity, general relativity, and cosmology (1920),

10:246, 262, 265, 298, 315, 364, 578c, 579c;

planned,

9:496

Physikalische Gesellschaft Zürich

Boltzmann principle (1911),

5:257n

electrodynamics and the principle of relativity (1909),

5:155, 156n

Physikalischer Verein, Frankfurt, principle of relativity (1917),

8:472, 478; 10:93, 94n, 95

Princeton University, relativity, four lectures (1921),

7:xxvii, xxxiii–xxxiv, 456n, 468n, 497–569, 591–619; 8:670n, 825n

Prussian Academy of Sciences

considerations from the field of relativity (1916),

8:1002c

general relativity and its application to astronomy (1915),

8:94

general relativity, cosmology, and the constitution of matter (1919),

7:139n, 195n, 405n

inaugural (1914),

6:20–23;

Planck’s response to,

24n; 8:41n

on moment of inertia of hydrogen molecule (1920),

9:596c

perihelion motion of Mercury (1915),

6:234–242

Schwarzschild, memorial lecture (1916),

6:359–361; 8:288n

on spherical space, field equations of general relativity, and constitution of matter(1920),

9:65n, 566c

unified field theory of Weyl (1918),

8:670n, 824

Schwäbische Sternwarte Society, physical foundations of relativity (1920),

10:xlvi, 434, 601c

Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft

meeting in Basel (1910), ponderomotive force on magnetic body,

5:250n, 252n

meeting in Frauenfeld (1913), gravitation,

4:475–476, 478–484; 5:553n, 555

Schweizerische Physikalische Gesellschaft

meeting in Basel (1914), determining statistical values of observations of fluctuating quantities,

4:599–601; 5:599n

meeting in Neuchâtel (1910), light quanta,

5:236, 238, 239

Société française de Physique in Paris, photochemical equivalence (1913),

4:109, 112, 287–292; 5:517; 9:141n;

success of,

5:520

Solvay Congress, First (1911), specific heats,

3:455n, 521–543, 544n–548n; 4:271, 285n, 554n

Sozialistischer Studentenverein, relativity (1919),

9:29, 34, 558c

University of Berlin, Wednesday colloquium

diamagnetism and paramagnetism (1916),

8:1002c

relativistic theory of gravitation (1915),

8:218n

theory of colors of Ostwald (1916),

8:361

unified field theory of Hilbert (1916),

8:289

University of Hamburg, foundations of relativity theory (1920): invited,

9:607c;

accepts,

616c; 10:262, 265, 337, 587c

University of Hannover, relativity (1920),

10:444, 465, 604c

University of Leyden

ether and relativity theory, inaugural (1920),

7:xxvii, xxxiii, 105, 306–321n; 9:353, 355, 364, 371, 402, 456, 469, 482–483; 10:xlii, xlvi, 297, 320, 373, 374, 444n, 469, 470, 603c, 604c;

printed version,

9:469, 497, 615c; 10:613c, 614c

fluctuations (1911),

3:450–454, 454n; 5:261, 269, 276, 283n;

expenses paid by students,

5:270n

space and time in recent physics, Leyden Society for Scientific Lectures (1920),

10:262, 264, 267, 271, 289, 572c

University of Zurich, role of atomic theory in recent physics, inaugural (1909),

5:224n

Wolfskehl Foundation, University of Göttingen, “Entwurf” theory, six lectures (1915),

8:142n, 143n, 145, 146n, 154, 162; 10:32

See also Einstein, Albert: Invitations to lecture

PERSONAL

Abilities,

8:857

Academics,

9:142, 194, 408;

in Göttingen,

460

Amsterdam, on sightseeing in,

10:223

Anonymous grant: accepted,

5:262;

offered,

260

Anschütz’s hospitality,

10:430–431

Anschütz-Stöve, Reta, on,

10:431

Aphorism,

10:581c, 597c

Appearance,

8:503

Appreciated more in Berlin than in Zurich,

10:496

Attachment to individuals, not to country,

9:80

Attracted to early Christianity,

10:24

Authority, antipathy toward,

1:310

Bavaria, plans moving family to,

8:515n

Berlin

burden of formalities in,

8:17

conditions of work in,

8:13, 28, 29, 32, 46

inhabitants of,

8:18, 46

intention to leave,

7:xxxii, 108

landlord in,

8:11

lodger, attempts to find,

8:45n

move to,

8:11

new apartment in,

8:11, 14, 515

possibility of leaving,

8:430

relatives in,

8:13

settling down in,

8:17

Berlin, Berlin physicists, first visit with,

10:21n

Berliners, on character of,

10:23

Bern, time in,

9:293

Bible, reads,

8:729

Bolshevik, being thought of as,

9:306

Citizenship,

8:188n; 9:286, 495, 511, 600c, 602c

double,

8:167n

German, renunciation of,

1:lxiv, 20

Municipal Naturalization Commission, Zurich, AE questioned by,

1:271–272

stateless status,

1:lxiv, 45n, 55n, 239

Swiss: documents relating to,

1:241, 242, 243, 245–246, 269–270, 271, 272, 275–276;

process of obtaining,

239–241; 8:135, 167n, 187, 333, 335, 759, 791, 871, 946; 9:266–267, 357

Comment on

aggressive nature of men,

6:211

didactic failings of scientific authors,

6:375–376

foundations of physics,

6:122–123

offended honor,

6:213

principles and physics research,

6:21, 22, 23, 508

working method of theoretical physicist,

6:21, 508, 522

Contemporaries, on stupidity of,

10:47–48

Courses as burden,

8:287, 850

Court case against landlord,

5:599, 599n

Customs inspection at border,

10:40

Democrat,

8:856

Democrat, republican, and supporter of justice,

8:946

Difficulties of earlier separation from family,

10:25

Digestive problems,

5:114, 183, 210, 565

Distinguishes between political conviction and personal relations,

10:89

Divorce, plan for (1914)

considers,

8:47, 49, 189n

contract stipulation on visiting sons,

8:49n, 978

denies having,

8:55

Divorce, plan for (1916)

breaks off attempt,

8:332, 348

considers,

8:220n, 257, 270–271, 278, 280–281

consults Pinner about,

8:278

guilty party in,

8:280–281

on reasons for,

8:270

on Swiss law on,

8:281n

Divorce (1918),

8:635, 794–795, 816, 831, 1000c, 1024c, 1025c, 1030c, 1031c; 10:154, 155, 179

admits to adultery,

8:885n, 960n, 974, 1026c

deposition of,

8:959, 960n 974

draft of contract for,

8:622, 678, 718, 730–731, 733, 754–755, 772, 788

history of filing suit,

8:885n

on proceedings of,

8:719;

reasons to speed up proceedings of,

8:971n

on visitation rights,

8:734

Doctoral degree, value of,

10:245n

Domestic: intervenes for,

8:343;

rejected,

344

Domestic life,

5:40

Domestic problems,

5:560, 572, 585

Dostoyevsky, enjoys: Aus einem Totenhause,

10:153;

Karamazov Brothers,

9:487, 498

Doubts about quality of his teaching at University of Leyden,

9:352, 355

Draws up memorandum of reconciliation to Einstein-Marić,

8:991c

Dutch, on character of,

10:51, 53, 55–56

Dutch and Swiss fostering science,

9:487

Education, own summary of,

5:92, 159

English language, learns,

10:l, 542

Enjoys eventful life,

10:128

Establishes a household independent of relatives,

10:62

Estrangement from others,

1:330

Examinations, on,

1:234

Fame,

9:li, 280, 293, 326, 339

Family ties,

1:221

Fate, on,

1:300

Father, on his,

9:94

Feels close to Berlin,

10:415

Feels honored by all,

10:75

Financial problems of,

8:453, 515

Fortieth birthday,

9:29, 490

Freedom, on,

1:267; 9:358

Friendship, on,

8:129

Gains weight,

10:110

General relativity, comments on intensity of work on,

5:517, 523

German colleagues and authorities, good will of,

10:89

German literature, against propaganda abroad of,

9:465

Germany

considers leaving,

8:961, 971; 10:xxxix, 205, 208, 496

decision to remain in,

9:xxxi, 29, 154, 187, 202, 242, 306, 326, 329, 572c

efforts to keep him in,

9:154

on moving Swiss family to,

10:129, 133, 528–529;

Hans Albert Einstein against,

497–498

on possible financial necessity to leave,

9:496

social environment in,

9:326

on suffering in,

9:496

thinks of leaving,

8:961, 971

In good health,

10:40, 105, 106, 111, 131, 135, 136, 137, 195, 201, 223

Good Swiss citizen,

10:89

Happiness, motto on,

9:565c

Has no new subject to lecture on,

9:6

Has pondered much but learned little,

8:894

Has trust in individuals but not in society,

10:43

Health problems,

1:lxiii, 213, 218, 222, 251, 278, 281, 290, 294, 296, 303; 9:3, 15, 29, 90, 143, 154, 163, 227, 298, 329; 10:66, 67, 68, 78, 84–85, 91, 100, 103, 107, 108, 116, 127, 138, 145

drinking cure in Tarasp for,

10:103

history of,

10:74

liver condition,

10:70, 72

On himself,

9:326, 352, 358, 364, 460, 468, 498, 607c

History, on,

9:90

Housemaid, proposes for his Zurich family,

10:47

Hunger and love, as driving forces in life,

1:252

Ill

in Prague,

5:313

with cold,

5:160, 161

with digestive disorder,

8:471

with diphtheria,

5:18n, 21

with duodenitis,

8:485n, 496n, 497n, 514, 579, 598, 610, 614

with gallstones,

8:390, 399–400, 418, 462

with influenza,

5:10; 8:86, 87, 91

with liver problem,

8:453, 599n

with stomach disease,

8:199, 502, 568

Illness

on bright side of,

8:732

on cure of,

8:54, 453, 615n, 816

on gain in weight after,

8:667

Importance of extrapersonal ties,

10:56

Impracticality,

9:498

Improving health,

10:92, 120, 129, 133, 160

Inherited characteristics, interest in,

9:505

Inner world, creation of,

1:56

Intellectual work,

1:55–56

Internationalist,

8:772, 791

Italian language, command of,

8:98

Italy, stay in,

8:98

Jew, Swiss, and man,

8:791

Journalists,

10:262

Journey to Prague via Munich,

5:288

Lack of free time,

5:565

Lack of knowledge of non-Euclidean geometry,

8:425

Lack of rhetorical skill,

8:628

Lacks refuge from worldly affairs,

10:70–71

Letter writing, laziness in,

1:9, 211

Liberation from the merely personal,

9:51

Likes sea voyage,

10:262

Lives above Adler family,

5:279n

Loneliness in Zurich,

9:329

On losing one’s mother,

10:315

Love,

1:21, 231, 286

Malnutrition in youth,

8:615n

Marriage

not allowed to remarry for two years,

9:9

to Elsa Einstein,

9:82, 83, 568c

Military service obligations

in Germany,

1:lxiv, 20n

in Switzerland,

1:277–278

“Most fortunate idea of my life,”

7:265

Move from

Bern to Zurich,

5:211n;

defrayal of expenses,

215, 216n

Prague to Zurich,

5:403, 406, 408, 480n, 501n;

defrayal of expenses,

407

Zurich to Berlin,

5:605n

Zurich to Prague,

5:273, 288, 288n, 291

Munich, greetings from former nanny,

10:281

Music

charity concert,

8:85

lack of time to play,

8:18

new violin,

9:486

on playing,

8:85, 269

playing violin,

1:lvii, lviii, lxii, 21, 22, 50, 54, 54n, 56, 56n, 57, 219, 245n, 249, 251, 262, 290, 307n, 309n, 321, 323;

with: Besso and Adele Silberstein,

8:446n,

Ehrenfest,

9:218, 272; 10:220, 222–223,

Hans Albert Einstein,

9:129, 132,

Greinacher,

10:206,

Harm Kamerlingh Onnes,

10:519,

Hurwitz,

5:308n,

Hurwitz family,

8:18n,

Julius and daughters,

9:272; 10:225, 262, 272, 277,

Pick,

5:307n,

Wohlwend family,

5:7n

sends scores to Hans Albert Einstein,

9:452, 495

Nature,

1:56, 222

Newspaper reports,

9:266, 307, 326

Nickname in Olympia Academy,

5:223n

No mastery of mathematics,

8:163, 245

Oath of allegiance, asked to take, accepts,

10:580c

Office in institute of Haber,

8:11n, 13, 43

Optimist,

10:180

Orders furniture,

5:139

Oriental mentality,

9:326

Overburdened,

9:138, 264, 404, 457

Overvalued,

9:364; 10:349

Own “Gypsy life,”

9:270

Own lifestyle,

5:545

Own parents,

1:55–56, 211, 251, 252, 253, 300

Own writings,

9:330–331, 402

Pacifist,

8:872

Patent cases,

9:7n, 570c

Personal hygiene,

5:570, 574, 585

Petit bourgeois needs, on unimportance of,

8:850

Photo with Wertheimer and Born,

8:835, 839

Planned attendance of congress in Paris,

5:598;

cancellation,

599

Planned trip

from Prague to Munich and Zurich,

5:482n

to Holland,

5:579, 598, 601, 602, 603

Police

fails to register absence with,

8:166n, 277n

rental dispute in Zurich, involvement of,

8:990c

Politically passive,

8:759, 763, 871

Ponderous writing style,

8:9, 245, 394, 401, 849

Poor memory,

8:849

Possibility of change in human beings,

9:143

Potsdam, plan to move to,

9:147

Practical work, on use of,

10:352

Prague

domestic life in,

5:432

life in,

5:289, 293, 294, 295, 304, 400, 432

time in,

9:222

Prefers worried people to satisfied people,

9:5

Press, attacks by,

10:437

Professors, German,

1:310

Prussian Public Library, donating his correspondence to,

9:331

Receives stocks and shares as Elsa’s dowry,

8:1031c

Recommendations for,

1:309

Relationship between man and woman,

1:251–252, 325

Religious affiliation,

5:266n; 9:83, 448, 468, 495; 10:21n, 534

comments on,

5:254n

lack of as adult,

1:20n, 269, 270n

Religious organizations, as still necessary,

9:358

Rent contract

extended,

9:608c

problem with,

607c

Rental dispute in Zurich,

5:634c, 636c; 8:990c

Research, no personal progress in,

9:147, 268, 272, 293, 457, 498, 513, 581c

Role as father,

10:37–38, 44

Rooms lived in,

1:299, 332–333

Russian physicists

intervenes on behalf of,

10:417, 444

visited in Berlin by,

10:417, 465

Sailboat, on buying,

10:213, 419, 431

Sailing, in Berlin,

9:143, 147

Schleusner, Thea, portrait by,

9:342

Science, joy of,

10:154

Scientific profession, independence of,

1:28

Secluded lifestyle,

10:65

Seeks refuge in scientific work,

5:586

Self-accusation for fathering son Eduard,

10:75

Self-characterization as “Swiss Jew,”

7:210, 214

Self-description,

10:439

Skill in contacting people, insufficient,

8:150

Smart, contented, and impeccable international reputation,

8:753

Socialist,

8:944, 959

Solitude,

1:321, 325; 8:347

Sons

anxious about,

8:320

bad memories of meeting with,

8:169

on bad terms with,

8:311

boarding plans for,

8:677

book for,

8:568, 579

on character of,

10:464

on educating them personally,

10:49

on emotional and physical well-being of,

9:512

on importance of relation with,

8:199, 270

inherited his carelessness,

10:180

invites to hotel,

8:280

invites to vacation,

8:772, 789

on lack of understanding separation by,

8:337

misses,

8:47, 49, 50, 52, 58, 63, 91, 118, 129, 145, 205, 279, 337, 341; 9:326

pleased by their intelligence,

10:104

pleased by their love,

10:106

on psychological shame of him,

9:512

on raising as Swiss,

10:49

on relationship with,

10:42

satisfied with letters from,

8:835

Switzerland as socially benevolent environment for,

10:26

on taking care of,

8:321

vacationing with,

9:90, 129, 132, 452, 486–487, 495; 10:330;

in Alps, plans for,

155, 164;

in Benzingen,

437, 444–446, 454, 459, 461, 464, 601c,

plans for,

329–330, 342–343, 346, 362, 373, 374, 403n, 418, 429

Spinoza House, visits,

10:604c

As sponger,

9:174

Students at Berlin University, on his,

9:437

Studying, solace in,

1:211, 258

Successful work as consolation for imperfect offspring,

10:72

Summer house, on buying,

10:419, 431, 464, 470

Sunset, on a colorful,

10:94

Swiss family (Einstein-Marić, and Hans Albert and Eduard Einstein)

move to Germany,

9:xxxi, 196, 201, 214, 234, 242, 281, 293, 306, 326, 339, 342, 345;

postpones,

9:270

reasons for not visiting,

10:46

Switzerland

attached to,

8:855

court case with landlord in,

8:11

Federal Patent Office, times spent in,

8:610

home, calls,

8:103, 498

itinerary from, to Germany,

8:511

itinerary in,

8:477

passport problems,

8:276

on reentry visa,

8:174

visa to, arranges for,

8:284, 285

visit to,

8:165, 279, 280, 485;

plans,

269, 274, 276, 279, 479

Teaching,

1:310

Threat of assassination,

7:113

Times (London), writing article for,

9:273

Tree of Knowledge,

9:143, 200, 230

Turns over duties in physical society,

5:487

Unity of apparently disparate phenomena,

1:xl, 265, 290–291

University of Berlin, feels obligation to stay at,

8:855, 856, 857, 858, 870, 894, 939, 953, 961, 971

Visa

Dutch, problems with,

9:154, 172, 195, 497, 579, 615; 10:246

Norwegian,

10:267, 292

Visit with Zangger to Forrer,

5:332

Vocation as a physicist,

1:xxxvi, 28

Wedded state,

5:19

Wedding witness,

10:101

Winterthur teachers,

1:305

Women and men, on differences between,

9:94

Youth,

9:69, 91n, 486, 492

Zurich

citizen of,

8:333n

as real home,

8:855, 856, 857, 859, 870, 894, 909

PHILOSOPHY

Causal and teleological perception of phenomena,

9:143

Causality,

10:299–301, 324–325

Cognition,

9:143

Early interest in,

1:lx, lxii, 4

Experience, relation of concepts to,

10:293

Lack of: competency in,

10:245;

understanding of,

8:440;

Metaphysics, crossing border between physics and,

10:605c, 606c

Methodology of scientific research,

9:xli

Nihilism,

9:143

Not well versed in,

9:51

Nützlichkeitsprinzip,

9:143

On philosophers,

10:265;

On philosophy,

10:293

Relationship between thought and its object,

1:4

Relativity and monism,

9:509

Space, on reality of,

10:324

Spinoza’s Ethics, reads,

10:96

POLITICS

Academics, German, deplores attitude of,

9:449

Act of Algeciras,

8:173

Addresses Students’ Council in Reichstag,

8:1029c

Agreement on most favored nations,

8:506

Agreements, international, on mutual help and limits of armament,

8:506

Allies

on behavior of,

9:281

as guarantors against restoration of old regime,

9:513

American influence on Europe, positive,

9:117

Annexationist policy, against,

8:170, 174, 663, 676

Anti-British campaign,

8:76

Anti-Oorlog-Raad, member of international council of,

10:36

“Un Appel, Fière Déclaration d’Intellectuels,” signs,

9:102

Appeal in favor of republican constitution for Germany, signs,

10:xlii, 242, 574c

Arbitration tribunal of U.S., Great Britain, France, and Russia,

8:506

Arons, Leo, open letter of, declines signing,

8:946

Aufruf an die freie Jugend aller Stände und Völker, signs,

9:552c

Aufruf des deutschen Geistes zum Sozialismus,

9:59

Berliner Goethebund, prepares manuscript on war for,

8:187, 200

Berlin police, on blacklist of political division of,

8:1016, 1017

Blockade

of Germany, intellectual, teaches humility,

9:xliii, 121, 163

of Russia, protests against,

9:202

Bund “Neues Vaterland”

Appeal of the Intellectuals of, committee member for,

8:151n, 342n, 837n

circular of, signs,

8:947

committee member of,

8:342n

connection with,

8:103

discussion of,

8:118n

on hard times of,

8:170

joins,

8:151n, 996c

meeting of, attends,

8:103n

resolution of, collects signatures for,

8:947

Bund zum Ziel, declines invitation to meeting of,

8:869, 871

Central Organization for a Durable Peace

congress of, plans to attend,

8:210, 211, 213

serves in,

8:186, 205, 210, 342n, 608

Delbrück-Dernburg petition,

8:175;

signs,

146n, 150n, 157n

Democrat,

10:xl, xliii, 418

England

lack of sympathy for,

8:171n

on public opinion of, in Germany,

8:170

traveling to, would appear as captatio benevolentiae,

10:309

Erklärung in Sachen Liebknecht-Luxemburg, signs,

9:17n, 551c

Foreign press, finds news on attacks against him exaggerated in,

10:534, 542

France, on public opinion of, in Germany,

8:170

Aufruf “Für die Unabhängigkeit des Geistes,” signs,

9:102, 105, 110, 134, 135

German defeat, on consequences of,

8:342

German militarism, rejoices in downfall of,

8:945

German revolution, on events of,

8:964

German success on Eastern front, on consequences of,

8:170

German victory, on consequences of,

8:170, 341

German war atrocities, discussion with Lorentz on,

8:347n

Germany

on admitting foreign students to German universities,

10:350

on being Swiss, international, and faithful to Germany,

10:542

on chancellor succession in,

8:506

considers the possibility of leaving,

10:412

on cordiality of German colleagues,

10:542

deals with, on danger of,

8:505

famine in, on danger of,

8:960

imperialistic mentality in, on lessening of,

8:505

on leaving Berlin,

10:469, 594c;

no reason for,

417

oath of allegiance: required,

10:577c;

takes,

582c

political change in, means of forcing,

8:506

Governments

based on power, not on legal systems,

10:348–349

on governing people,

10:346–347

Heilbronn, on political views of inhabitants of,

8:167

Hungarian commissars, signs petition to pardon,

10:611c

Imperialism as reaction to internal problems,

10:340

Independence, of countries, sacrificed to end anarchy,

9:143

Intellectuals, on past and present,

9:264

International association of democratic countries,

8:506

International relations, for freedom of individuals in,

9:578c

International relations of scientists,

8:77;

on restoring,

8:149, 150

International solidarity, proposes collection of statements on,

8:736, 737, 740, 745–748, 774

Internationalism of scientists,

8:155

Kelen, joins amnesty action on behalf of,

10:482–483

Manifesto of Democratic Party, signs,

8:948

Manifesto of Reconciliation, signs,

8:532n

Manifesto of the 93,

8:170, 176, 772

on prospects of revoking,

8:176

on signatories of,

8:170

signatures to, on circumstances of collecting,

8:155

Manifesto to the Europeans, co-signer of,

8:78n, 276n, 762; 10:29

Massart appeal, talks of,

8:346, 361, 363, 364, 419

Monopoly of ruling classes in press and power, on,

8:155

Moral behavior, of individuals and groups,

9:121

Nationalism, against using his work to influence,

9:497

Norwegian students, on internationalism of,

10:420

Pacifist, on being a,

9:497

Patriotism,

8:63, 154, 156, 165, 193

Political activity: police interest in,

8:342n, 772n;

restrains own,

8:187n, 636

Prisoners, for release of political,

9:343

Professors, arrested, intervenes for,

8:944n

Prussian mentality, on increase in,

9:163

Reconciliation, European,

9:314n, 134–135, 497

Relativity and politics,

10:428;

reason for publishing Einstein 1920f,

10:412–413, 418

Religion of might,

8:451, 505, 532, 959

Scholarly literature, on exchange of German and foreign,

9:533

Socialism, on preparation of masses for,

9:28

State, on mission of,

8:399

States, on peaceful organization of,

8:342

Swedish students, on Germanophilia of,

10:350

Swiss, considers himself,

10:343

Switzerland as ideal state,

8:399

United States of Europe,

10:437

Vereinigung Gleichgesinnter, agrees with resolution of,

8:532;

joins,

532n

War crimes

asks Lorentz to join private commission to investigate,

9:42

French atrocities against German prisoners of war,

9:483

joins private commission to investigate German,

9:xliii, 121, 561c

War-crimes commission, on,

8:345n

War-guilt resolution, requested to sign,

9:571c

Weimar Republic,

10:xl

Workers, on their feelings of exploitation,

9:93

World War I,

8:63

expects end of,

8:85, 118, 367

on madness of,

8:103, 116

on need for a supranational peacekeeping organization,

10:26;

plan of,

125–126

opposition to,

10:xliii, xxxiii–xxxiv;

on positive effect of,

45

on outbreak of,

8:56

paper on views on,

8:187, 200

on psychological causes of,

10:26

rejoices over peace initiative of new German government in July 1917,

10:108n

Zionist Club Chicago, thanks for sympathy statement from,

10:534

POPULAR BOOK ON RELATIVITY

9th edition, royalties,

10:577c

10th edition

manuscript of,

10:584c, 588c

royalties,

592c, 597c, 598c, 599c, 600c, 601c

11th and 12th editions

addenda,

10:574c

royalties,

568c, 607c

Braille transcript, requested by Hochschulbücherei,

10:589c;

granted,

589c

Comments on,

8:891

English edition,

9:257, 26; 10:576c, 578c, 593c

4th edition,

10:610c

additions,

9:523; 10:572c

Lawson on,

10:589c

resumé for,

9:523–524, 613c

royalties,

9:346n, 346–347, 374, 412, 594c, 597c; 10:385, 568c, 569c, 575c, 608c, 610c, 612c, 613c

sent to Ehrenfest,

10:593c

French edition,

9:603c, 604c, 606c, 614c, 616c; 10:578c, 579c, 587c

contract between publishing houses,

10:589c

galleys,

10:603c, 605c

Moch as possible translator,

10:327, 340, 569c;

proposed,

572c, 574c

proposed,

9:531, 536, 537n, 609c

Rouvière as prospective translator,

10:575c, 609c

royalties,

10:574c

Solovine on,

10:569c

Hungarian edition, royalties,

10:575c

Italian edition, Calisse proposed as translator,

10:590c;

gives consent,

378, 596c

New edition

asks for galleys,

10:611c

proposed by Vieweg,

602c

Plan for,

8:147, 234

Polish edition, proposed,

9:597c

Russian edition

honorarium for translation rights offered,

10:570c;

accepts,

572c, 573c

introduction to,

10:605c

proposed,

10:574c

royalties for,

10:574c

Spanish edition

proposed,

9:528

recommends to Vieweg,

10:591c

Swedish edition

royalties,

9:597c

translated,

599c

Works on,

10:63

RECOGNITIONS

Barnard Medal of Columbia University,

10:571c, 575c, 576c, 584c, 591c

Baumgartner Prize,

8:756n, 1009c; 10:91, 106

Danish Academy, corresponding member

nominated,

9:598c

elected,

9:611c, 612c; 10:568c

Müller Prize,

8:756n, 1019c

Nobel Prize

nominated by: Arrhenius,

9:552c,

Julius,

597c,

Kamerlingh Onnes,

597c,

Lorentz,

597c,

Ornstein,

596c,

Warburg,

550c,

Zeeman,

597c

nominations for,

8:623n

Norwegian Students’ Association, honorary member,

10:579c

Order Pour le mérite for Science and the Arts,

10:605c, 614c

Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences, corresponding member,

9:613c; 10:xlv, 268n, 267, 270–271, 274–275, 277, 287, 288, 573c, 574c

University of Geneva, honorary doctorate,

5:202

University of Rostock, honorary doctorate,

9:225, 572c, 584c, 586c, 591c

Vahlbruch Prize,

8:698, 699n, 715, 756n

See also Royal Astronomical Society: Gold Medal for AE

REQUESTS BY

Acta Mathematica, for article,

9:308; 10:568c;

declines,

341, 592c

Adler, Friedrich, to sign amnesty appeal for ten Hungarian people’s commissars,

10:484

Akademisk Revy, for article,

10:594c

Annalen der Physik, to solicit papers for,

9:535

Arco

for expert opinion on patent case,

10:486

for opinion on Kammerer 1919,

10:486–487

Berliner, for opinion on Schneider’s dissertation,

10:382

Burghold, for support of exchange of German and foreign scholarly literature,

9:514–515

Central-Verein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens, to fight against anti-Semitism,

9:490;

declines,

494

Chisholm, for article for Encyclopaedia Britannica,

10:600c, 601c, 605c, 607c;

declines,

609c

Debye, for recommendation for Born, Karman, Lenz, Madelung, Mie, Schrödinger,

9:463

Deutsche Revue, for article,

10:588c

Deutscher Gesellig-Wissenschaftlicher Verein in New York, for contribution to album,

10:601c

Dinos, for opinion on Lilienthal’s theory,

10:581c

Exner, for statement on technical education,

10:583c;

accepts,

586c

Fischer, for financial help for university studies,

10:608c, 609c

Forum, for article,

9:285;

accepts,

300

Gerhards, for comments on manuscript,

10:577c;

for personal discussion,

593c

German Central Committee for Foreign Relief, for article,

10:334–335

German League for the League of Nations, for article,

10:333–334;

declines,

343

German News Agency for Foreign University and Student Affairs, for support,

10:588c

Jeffery, for English edition of selected papers,

10:602c

Jewish Community of Berlin, for congregational tax,

10:611c

Johnsen, for recommendation for Becker,

Gans, Harms, Koch, Madelung, Valentiner, Weber, Zahn,

9:74

Kantstudien, for article,

9:44;

declines,

51

Klötzel, for support for Karwe,

10:598c

Lánczos, for postgraduate position,

9:265–266

Lawson, for English edition of Einstein 1920j,

10:572c

Lotos, for paper,

10:568c, 577c, 579c

Marx, for an appointment,

10:570c;

granted,

575c, 577c

Meyer, Edgar

for recommendation,

10:28

to help obtain position for Rosenberg,

10:594c

to submit Rosenberg’s paper to Sitzungsberichte,

10:595c

Nature, for article,

9:252, 256;

in preparation,

299, 328, 346, 374, 406, 523; 10:610c

Neue Freie Presse, for article;

273,

declines,

9:607c

Neue Zürcher Zeitung, for article,

9:608c

Ostwald, for republication of papers,

10:608c;

agrees,

608c, 612c

Physikalische Berichte, to review manuscript,

9:571c

Schlick

for commenting on his book on relativity,

9:313

for opinion on successor to Weber,

10:390–391

Schmidt, for opinion on his book,

10:608c

Schoenflies, for opinion on candidates for Born’s succession,

10:304–305

Schubert-Soldner, for help,

10:571c

Schwäbischer Bund, for article, declines,

9:69

Seelig, for contribution to Die zwölf Bücher,

9:322;

declines,

331

Stöcker, for signing April 1919 appeal,

9:33

Studentenvereinigung für künstlerische Kultur an der Universität Berlin, for support,

9:178–179;

declines,

184

Süddeutsche Monatshefte, for article,

10:409;

declines,

413

Umschau, for article, declines,

9:586c

Vaihinger, to publish lecture to Leyden Society,

10:573c

Wermuth, for popular lecture for City Council,

10:570c

Wirtschaftshilfe der deutschen Studentenschaft, Amerika-Werkstudenten-Dienst, for letter of recommendation,

10:595c

Wittig, to review his book,

10:245

Wolfer, for recommendation for Briner,

9:589c

SCIENCE

Analogy arguments in,

3:114, 128n

Annalen der Physik, early reading of,

1:xl, 304, 305n

Anti-relativists, compares to flies,

10:351

Astronomy, on lag of Germany in, behind Britain and the U.S.,

10:357

Controversy with

Abraham on theory of gravitation,

5:394, 394n, 406, 480, 501

Stark on photochemical equivalence,

5:480

Dimensional considerations in,

3:178n, 460–461, 467–470, 474, 476n, 527, 544n

Einstein 1910a, on,

10:9

Einstein 1919a, on,

10:371

Electromagnetic field, primacy of, over ponderable matter,

10:488

Electrotechnology, early interest in,

1:lxiv, lxi, 5, 253, 255

Errors, in publications,

2:170, 203n, 204n–205n, 345n, 348n, 494–495, 505–506;

made,

3:10, 268n, 418n

Evaluation of AE’s work,

5:526–528

Experimental work,

3:xvi, xxvi, 10, 471, 486, 500, 547n

Experiments proposed,

1:61, 219, 227n

on ether drift,

1:224, 225, 230, 234n, 316, 328, 329n

on heat conduction,

1:235–236, 244n

on propagation of light in magnetic field,

1:8–9

on radiation,

1:224

on specific heats,

1:235, 238

on Thomson effect,

1:236, 258

First four papers,

5:31

Forces, atomic and molecular, on inadequate knowledge of,

10:482

Formal analogies in physics,

10:488

Formal vs. physical thinking in physics,

10:17

Gockel’s laboratory, work in,

5:124n

Heuristic principles in,

3:xxvii, 178n, 423n, 488

Interesting scientific idea,

10:41

On lecturing abilities,

5:188

Mathematics

abilities praised by teacher,

1:lxiv

early study of,

1:lxi

no mastery of,

8:163, 245

usefulness of,

5:505;

On own scientific abilities,

5:86, 412

Papers, high demand for his,

9:590c, 596c

Physical laws, on transfer from rest to moving systems of,

9:376

Physics, ideas about,

1:lxiv, 5–6, 6–9, 12, 28, 372

Press attacks against relativity,

10:595c

Quantum theory, on work on,

5:187, 189

Readings about

electrodynamics and optics,

2:259–260

electrodynamics before 1905,

2:260

foundations of science,

2:xxiii–xxiv, xxv, 260

popular science,

1:lxii, 265n; 2:3, 42

Scientific literature, proposes exchange of German and foreign,

9:514

Statistical mechanics, book on, reluctant to write,

8:815

Symmetry arguments in,

3:20, 24, 141, 149, 157, 194, 256, 337–338, 451, 513, 565

Working on small problems,

10:43

On writing lecture on relativity,

5:515

SUPPORTS ACADEMIC POSITION FOR

Dehlinger,

9:386

Ehrenhaft,

9:365, 396–397, 400

Epstein,

9:339, 344, 353, 457, 498

Franck,

9:368

Freundlich,

9:158, 274

Kammerer,

9:449, 451, 512

Marx,

9:349

Petzoldt,

9:116

Ratnowsky,

9:344

Rausch von Traubenberg,

9:291–292

Reichenbach,

9:132

Scherrer,

9:487

Schlick,

9:280, 449, 450, 451

Schubert-Soldern,

9:522

Einstein, Albert, and Einstein-Marić, Mileva, rendezvous with Savić, Helene and Milivoj in Kijevo,

5:45n

Einstein, Carl (1885–1940),

7:125n;

AE confused with,

9:307n; 10:xliv

Einstein Donation Fund.

See Albert-Einstein-Spende

Einstein e C., Milan,

1:liv, 276

Einstein, Edith (1888–1960),

1:lvii n; 5:237n, 239n, 541; 8:168–169, 884; 9:47, 129, 192; 10:xlix, 196–197, 199, 201, 282

doctoral dissertation of,

9:49, 132

AE on,

10:290–291

Epstein on,

282–283

sails with AE,

10:210

on theory of radiometer effect,

9:47–48

visits AE,

10:121

Einstein, Eduard (1910–1965),

1:381; 5:215n, 290n, 335, 344n, 403n, 404n, 420n, 433n, 479n; 8:14, 57, 64, 84, 113, 190, 198, 203, 226, 279, 280, 320, 351, 367, 410, 561, 573, 677, 678, 730, 772, 817, 831, 938, 941, 964; 9:xxx, 89, 235, 294n, 303, 486, 512; 10:xxix–xxxvii, 24n, 32, 59, 84, 92–93, 129, 135, 140, 144, 149, 164, 167, 175, 186, 190, 199, 226–228, 464, 498

AE

disappointed by cancellation of visit to Zurich by,

10:168

dreams about,

10:30

feelings toward,

10:166, 258, 345

AE on abilities of,

8:269, 337

AE about,

10:32, 103, 105, 362, 464

AE on hereditary causes for health condition of,

10:71–72

in Aegeri sanatorium,

9:270, 338, 495; 10:226, 236, 237, 238;

cost of,

9:306

in Arosa sanatorium,

8:457, 572, 579, 598; 10:85–86, 91–92, 98–99, 102, 103n, 104–105, 109, 135–136, 138–139, 144–145, 181, 185, 192

cost of, AE on,

8:515, 531, 598, 614

leaves,

8:568

attends play by Schiller,

10:345

attends:

second grade,

10:156, 168n;

third grade,

194;

fourth grade,

258, 345

in Bethanienheim hospital,

8:443; 10:79

birth of,

5:248n, 248–249

birthday of,

9:90; 10:345

book for,

8:816, 817, 964

complains about Einstein-Marić’s leaving Zurich,

10:226

grows cacti,

10:345

health condition of,

8:153, 400, 618; 10:xxxvi, 60n, 75–76, 104–105, 109, 172, 181, 185, 342

ill with

influenza,

8:912

lung inflammation,

8:400, 404

lymphatic tuberculosis,

8:668n

middle-ear infection,

8:11, 20

illness of,

5:593n, 599, 600n, 601, 603

interested in geography,

10:166

in Locarno,

8:990c

mathematical abilities of,

10:29

mild climate for,

8:666

on mountain resort for, AE on,

8:407, 408, 410

music for,

9:271, 339

nickname of,

5:607, 607n; 8:11

photo with brother Hans Albert,

10:105

plans of moving to Berlin,

10:144

plans of moving with Einstein-Marić to her parents,

10:121

plans to accompany Einstein-Marić to Rheinfelden,

10:194

plays chess,

8:341

plays piano,

10:221, 226

plays with lead soldiers,

10:186

provisions for in Divorce Decree,

9:9

reads Goethe,

10:345

reads history of Switzerland,

10:186

requests travel book from AE,

10:168, 175

in Rheinfelden,

9:131; 10:200, 210

schooling of,

9:496n

sing, lacks ability to,

8:269

sings on Einstein-Marić’s return,

10:58

Stahel-Baumann as prospective host for,

10:104, 109, 113, 126

stamps for,

10:343

sterile surroundings for, AE against,

8:562, 614, 623

toy weapons, AE against,

8:965

tuberculosis, endangered by,

8:400, 666

on vacation near Lausanne,

8:321, 338n

visits AE at Zanggers,

10:196.

weak health of,

9:4n, 452, 512, 530

See also Einstein, Albert: Personal: Sons

Einstein, Elsa (1876–1936),

1:lvii n, 380; 5:238, 239n, 457n, 459n, 516n, 598n; 8:11n, 12n, 13, 14n, 31n, 40n, 48, 49n, 50–51, 54, 91, 138, 166, 168, 169, 270, 271, 282, 283, 383n, 395, 397n, 446n, 512, 668, 714n, 728n, 732n, 733n, 761, 789n, 814, 816, 856, 974; 9:4n, 5n, 11n, 30n, 65n, 91n, 92n, 107n, 109, 120n, 130n, 132, 168, 219, 221, 226n, 248, 288, 290n, 294n, 302n, 304n, 351, 360n, 414, 442, 457, 524n, 572c, 573c, 595c; 10:xxix–xxxvii, xliv, 21n, 25n, 33n, 39–42, 51–53, 94–100, 107–112, 114–115, 117, 119–120, 123–124, 127–128, 130–133, 144, 148, 170, 173n, 191, 195–203, 205–213, 219–220, 222–224, 232n, 247, 252, 257, 262, 264–265, 267, 270, 275, 277, 279n, 289n, 361, 401, 417, 430, 434, 439, 442–443, 454, 464–466, 469–470, 475, 510

AE

accompanies to Kiel,

9:613c

advises not to participate in Als-Ob conference,

10:xlv, 275

as Cinderella of,

10:121

on delay of Leyden appointment of,

10:275

family relation with,

5:470n

joins in Nauheim,

10:600c

joint trip to Wannsee with,

5:456

longs for,

10:254

marries,

9:82, 83, 568c

milk for,

8:729

misses,

9:106

old friend of,

8:13

organizes string quartet for,

10:266

on political outspokenness of,

10:254

on printing of Leyden inaugural lecture of,

10:275

on public interest in,

9:587c

reacquainted with, in Berlin,

10:21n

on renewing lease on apartment of,

10:106, 107

separation of, feels guilty for,

8:49

takes care of,

8:48, 91, 561, 884; 9:64, 359; 10:23, 66, 70, 72, 74, 78, 254, 266

on volume of mail of,

10:266

AE apologizes for neglecting to write to,

5:593, 597

AE asks for help in registering his absence,

8:166

AE decides to marry,

10:39

AE destroys letters from,

5:457

AE eager to see,

8:169

AE loves,

10:109

on AE marrying Ilse Einstein,

8:770–771

AE on affection for,

8:51, 53

AE on living with and marrying,

8:51, 54, 205, 234, 270, 271, 332, 512, 667, 668, 836

AE plans rendezvous with,

10:118, 121, 123, 128, 131

in Ensingen,

10:97, 99, 101, 103, 107, 108, 111–112

in Mergentheim,

10:100

in Sigmaringen,

10:114

in Thüringen,

10:115, 119, 124, 130, 131, 132

in Weimar,

10:119

AE plans trip with,

10:120, 127

AE promises to send picture to,

5:516, 517, 520

AE resigned to breaking off relationship with,

5:459

AE stops correspondence with,

5:469n

AE vacations in Sellin with,

10:32

AE visits in Berlin,

5:437, 544, 546n, 565;

enjoyment of visit,

5:557, 560

AE’s affection for,

5:456, 459

AE’s Berlin appointment, discussion with Haber on,

5:545n, 545

AE’s letters to, comments on,

5:458n

affected by anti-relativity events,

10:xl, 435

in Bayrischzell,

8:47, 52

cardiac problems of,

5:545;

consults Nicolai on,

5:561n

cooks for the poor,

8:145

corresponds with Hedwig Born,

9:402n, 597c

daughters, neglect of,

8:1033

De Haas, helps in moving,

8:159

divorce of,

5:588n

domestic, on character of,

8:344n

dowry of,

9:420n

Einstein, Pauline

quarrel with,

5:558

on move of to Berlin,

9:290n

takes care of,

9:106, 268, 386

on export of violins for Ehrenfest’s daughters,

10:253–254, 265, 275, 298

Haber as good friend of,

10:275

health condition of,

9:12, 13n, 28, 79; 10:435, 445–446, 450n, 454

heart problems of,

8:93n

illegibility of handwriting of,

10:107

as incentive for AE to come to Berlin,

8:145; 10:23

on invitation to U.S.,

10:470, 514

invitation to Zurich,

9:300

Jewish origin of,

9:468

on Moszkowski 1921,

10:470, 474

Munich, plans visit to,

5:571n

poetry readings,

5:518n, 572, 574n

AE on,

5:565, 570, 573

AE’s congratulations on,

5:517

in Zurich,

5:574

review of,

5:518n

praised by AE,

10:23, 66, 78

religious affiliation of,

9:83, 448, 468

on rental problem,

9:607c, 608c

Schweizerische Auer-Aktien-Gesellschaft (SAG) shares for,

10:567c

sends condolences to Ida Hurwitz,

9:242n

stays with Oppenheims during GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim,

10:419

widow pension for Einstein-Marić, intervenes for,

8:713

Einstein, Fanny (née Koch) (1852–1926),

1:lvii, 380; 5:10n, 239n, 457n, 518n, 534n, 536; 8:47, 53–54; 9:30n, 83, 173; 10:xxxii, 21n, 24n, 119n, 121, 123n, 124, 127, 132, 196, 209, 511

annual expenses of,

8:817n

on decision of AE in favor of cousin Elsa,

8:52

hospitalized,

10:211

lives in Hechingen,

5:10n

pressing AE to marry cousin Elsa,

8:205, 234

on vacation,

10:114

Einstein, Garrone e C., Pavia (factory), Milan (office), Turin (branch),

1:liii, liv, 211n

Einstein, Hans Albert (1904–1973),

1:381; 5:26n, 45n, 46, 115n, 133n, 141n, 152n, 225n, 226n, 249n, 344n, 387n, 403n, 404n, 420n, 433n, 479n, 522n, 542n, 543n, 601n, 605; 8:14, 56–57, 64, 84, 113, 129, 134, 190–191, 198–199, 203, 205, 212, 222, 225, 227–228, 258, 271, 276, 279–280, 283–284, 304, 367, 380, 406, 410, 455, 457, 503n, 530, 561, 567, 598, 623, 666, 678, 730, 772, 819, 851, 911, 964; 9:3, 4n, 89, 130–131, 235, 294n, 452, 530; 10:xxix–xxxvii, 24n, 31, 33–35, 37, 55, 58, 65, 67, 70, 73, 76, 78–79, 81, 83–86, 91–93, 97, 103–104, 116, 121, 130, 138, 140, 144, 148, 151, 159, 166–167, 169, 173, 179, 184, 190–191, 199, 202–203, 206–208, 210, 213, 228, 279, 329, 422n, 430, 464, 512

accompanies Wohlwend-Battaglia on piano,

10:167

AE

anxious about health of,

10:193–194

asks about vacation plans,

10:238

asks for money from,

10:192

asks for stamps from,

10:259

brings food for, with Eduard,

10:445

conflict with,

8:284

correspondence with,

8:57, 78, 441

disappointed by cancellation of visit to Zurich by,

10:166–167

expects trip with,

8:209

expects visit from,

10:88

feelings for,

8:219

harsh to,

8:153, 210, 211, 213

on ignorance of appropriate treatment of Eduard by,

10:140

invites for Easter vacation,

10:30

invites to Switzerland,

10:140

looks forward to meeting,

8:218

plans of being raised by,

10:75, 81

proposes medicine for gastric ailments to,

10:138

proposes Zugerberg for joint vacation with,

10:35

reluctant to be in company of,

8:186n, 189

requests English textbook from,

10:259

requests letter from,

10:30

sails with,

9:129, 132; 10:106

sends harshly worded postcard to,

10:32

stops corresponding with,

8:339

tours with,

8:280, 282, 284, 337;

in Switzerland,

10:41, 42

on vacationing with,

10:31

visits,

10:97, 196–197

AE apologizes for not visiting,

8:819–820

AE on,

10:89–90, 100, 107, 110, 112–113, 201, 203, 362, 464

AE on living with him,

8:400, 406, 408, 410, 446

AE plans vacation with,

10:37

at Baltic Sea,

202

in Berlin,

33, 34

in Winteler-Einstein’s home,

99, 101

AE pleased with,

8:614

AE praises for helping with chores,

8:351, 820

Bas-Bulaneck, Henri, visits with,

8:400

Besso, Michele, plans visit to,

8:189;

visits,

372, 404

Besso, Vero, visits,

8:941

birth of,

5:23n, 27

boards with

Bessos,

10:238

Zanggers,

9:303, 306, 326, 338, 451, 487n; 10:79, 88, 97, 236

Catholic instruction of,

5:432

character of,

9:78; 10:89–90

AE on,

9:512

AE pleased with,

10:98, 100, 103, 105, 199, 201, 203, 205

constructs

model airplane,

9:129, 132, 271; 10:156, 202, 214, 227, 238, 259

model cableways,

10:76, 167

model electric railroad,

10:140, 156

model monorail,

10:173–174

model ship,

10:59, 60, 167, 193

toy machines,

10:181

correspondence of, AE happy with,

10:55, 67, 91

Ehrenfest’s affection for,

5:605n; 8:165n, 340

Einstein, Eduard: planned visit to, with AE,

8:477;

in Aegeri with,

10:238

elementary school of

in Berlin,

8:14

in Zurich,

114n;

graduates from,

226n

examinations of,

10:30n

experiment, AE invites to observe,

8:283, 284

feelings of, AE understands,

8:330

on general strike in Switzerland,

10:184–185

geometry problems for, AE sends,

8:113, 531

Germany, argues against moving to,

10:497–498

Glarisegg, possible stay at,

8:446

gymnasium

attends:

second year,

8:531n; 10:77;

third year,

10:156;

fifth year,

10:30n

entrance examinations to,

8:267, 269, 274

final examinations in,

8:665

opts for Realgymnasium section of,

8:614

short vacation in,

8:911

handicraft, engaged in,

10:221

harshness of, AE on,

8:153, 210, 211, 213

health condition of,

10:227–228, 238

helps ill mother,

8:351

ill with fever,

8:443, 454

Kuwaki’s misidentification of,

5:170n

learns

botany, English, history, physics,

10:193

French,

10:181, 317, 343, 345

German,

10:87

joinery,

8:320

Latin,

8:320; 10:58, 87

mathematics,

10:29, 87, 193, 237

woodwork,

10:192

in Locarno,

8:990c

on lost items of AE,

10:214

misspellings of, AE on,

8:274

music exams of,

10:193

nickname for,

8:44

notes on psychology of disintegration of Russia by,

9:79

on organ patents,

10:498

on own memory,

10:87

photo with Eduard,

10:105

piano lessons of,

10:77, 88

plans summer vacation in Western Switzerland,

9:495, 512

plays

Beethoven,

10:138, 236

Brahms, Händel, Mozart, Schubert,

10:236

plays music,

8:735; 10:30, 58, 77, 140, 156, 167, 192

AE on,

8:113, 190, 341, 820

with AE,

9:129, 132

provisions for in Divorce Decree,

9:9

reads Shaw,

10:237

relativity, reads AE’s popular book on,

10:xxxiv, 87, 446

on renting out their home,

10:235–236

returns from Lucerne to Zurich,

10:111–113

school reports, AE on,

8:341, 367,

on school trip to Ticino,

10:258

on sixteenth birthday,

10:16, 258–259

on ski tour,

8:579

stops taking cabinetmaking instructions,

10:77

studies with Amberg,

9:271

style of writing, AE on,

8:234, 269

takes care of family,

10:174

technical interest of,

8:851; 9:69, 78;

AE on,

8:939; 9:270

toothcare of, AE on,

8:113, 226, 227, 258, 269

tours with Winteler,

10:110–111

on vacation: near Lausanne,

8:316n, 321, 338n;

with Chavans,

10:461

visits

Besso,

9:486

Eduard in Arosa with AE,

10:102, 104, 167

mother’s family,

5:115n

Winteler-Einstein with AE,

10:106

Winteler household, possible stay in,

8:446, 451, 453, 666; 10:121, 144, 146, 150–151

Winteler, Paul, trip with,

8:495, 497

Winterthur, stay in,

5:249, 250n

Zangger, Heinrich

boards with,

8:452, 454

works in garden of,

10:88

See also Einstein, Albert: Personal: Sons

Einstein, Hermann (1847–1902),

1:xxxvi, xxxvii, 45n, 239, 240, 251–252, 289–290, 300; 5:3, 3n, 9, 238n; 7:222; 9:70n, 83

against relationship of AE with Einstein-Marić,

8:52

biographical information,

1:l–lvi, 380

death of,

5:7n, 10n

debts of,

5:12n

businesses,

1:xxxvi, li, liv, 256, 281n (see also Ludwig Kiessling u. Cie.; J. Einstein & Cie.; Einstein, Garrone e C.; Einstein e C.)

lacks ear for music,

8:269

writes to Ostwald,

2:6

Einstein, Hermine (1874–1943),

9:65n

Einstein, Ida (1865–ca. 1922),

1:li, lvii; 5:237, 238, 239n, 541n;

visits AE,

10:121

Einstein, Ilse (1897–1934),

4:5, 7; 5:457n, 516n, 558; 6:535n, 537n; 7:106, 244n, 332n, 348n, 366n, 381n, 435n, 479n, 481n; 8:37, 47–48, 51, 53, 205, 270, 333n, 593, 668n, 758, 764n, 769, 814; 9:30n, 132, 302n, 360n, 416, 467, 472n, 556c, 573c, 595c; 10:xxxii, 24n, 119, 119n, 121, 123n, 124, 127, 132, 144, 225, 270, 324, 417, 446, 465, 486, 504, 511, 580c, 598c, 602c

AE

accompanies to Norway,

10:292, 298, 315

on enormous correspondence of,

10:458

forwards correspondence to,

10:201, 206, 222, 277, 434, 459

on planned visit to Spain with,

10:459

AE considers marrying,

8:769, 771

AE’s love for,

8:769, 770

assistant of Nicolai,

9:134n

leftist leanings,

8:945

music lessons of,

9:226

Petzoldt, letter to,

9:573c

praised for diligence,

10:278

salary raise from KWIP for,

10:584c, 598c

secretary of KWIP,

8:758n

secretary to AE

one-time acquisition cost,

9:582c, 583c

salary raise,

9:133, 579c

as travel companion,

10:443, 446

on vacation,

10:114

Einstein, Jakob (1850–1912),

1:lii, lxi; 5:239n; 8:169n; 10:122n

biographical information,

1:l–liv

businesses,

1:xxxvi, li, lii, liv, 5 (see also Ludwig Kiessling u. Cie.; J. Einstein & Cie; Einstein, Garrone e C.)

divorce of,

5:239n

Einstein, Jette (1844–1905),

5:238n

Einstein, Maja.

See Winteler-Einstein, Maja

Einstein, Margot (1899–1986),

5:457n, 516n, 558, 593; 8:47, 48, 51, 53, 668n, 814; 9:30n, 132, 360n, 416, 595c; 10:xxix, xliv, 24n, 107–110, 114–115, 123–124, 127–128, 130– 131, 132n, 144, 211, 265

composes music,

10:204, 511

health condition of,

10:111, 169, 209, 402, 511

ill with influenza,

8:906

interest in sculpting,

10:119

music lessons of,

9:226

in sanatorium, AE on,

10:209

Einstein, Paula (1878–ca. 1955),

5:238, 239n;

AE’s annoyance at behavior of,

456

Einstein, Pauline (1858–1920),

1:219, 231, 248, 249, 287n, 300; 5:3, 3n, 9, 342n, 393n, 459n, 544, 558, 586n; 8:11n, 53, 54, 166n, 512n, 731, 812, 835, 884, 944, 989c–990c; 9:29, 63, 65n, 81, 83, 91, 93n, 105–106, 119, 128, 130–131, 133n, 134n, 138, 147, 168, 170, 173, 201, 218–219, 248, 290n, 298, 303, 305, 359, 397n, 572c; 10:xxxi, xxxiv–xxxv, xxxvii, 81, 93, 202, 207–208, 220n, 224, 230, 234–235, 281, 511, 583c;

AE on,

1:221

AE, proud of,

9:64

AE reads newspaper to,

10:211

AE visits,

8:166, 477;

in Heilbronn,

10:93, 95;

in Weggis,

10:121, 127

on AE’s decision in favor of Elsa Einstein,

8:52

Ansbacher, breaks with,

10:207

Berlin, moving to,

5:458n; 9:64, 226, 268, 281, 289, 293, 325, 339, 342, 592c; 10:195–196, 224

biographical information,

1:l, liv, lvi, lix, 1, 380

burial of,

9:456, 468, 602c

death of,

9:441–442, 448, 451, 453, 482, 484, 602c; 10:281;

condolences on,

9:441, 603c, 604c, 606c

debts of,

5:458n

Einstein, Elsa, quarrel with,

5:558

Einstein-Marić

bad relationship with, AE on,

5:457, 587

relationship with AE, attitude toward,

1:xxxvi, xxxvii, 244, 248–249, 252–253, 319–320

expenses for,

9:155n

on family meeting in Zurich,

9:573c

financial support from AE,

5:23n; 8:453

health condition of,

8:813n; 10:187, 195–196, 197n, 198, 200–201, 203, 211–212, 215, 230;

AE’s anxiety about,

220n

Hechingen

lives in,

5:10n

move to,

8n

Heilbronn

advised by AE to stay in,

5:456

move to,

238n, 324n

ill, terminally,

8:885n, 892; 9:xxx–xxxi, 29, 90–91, 93, 105, 130, 132, 147, 171, 173, 187, 196, 237, 293, 330, 339, 352, 355, 386, 402, 404, 419, 421

ill with influenza,

8:906

in Maja’s care,

10:195

interest in eclipse expedition results,

9:92, 94

keeps household

of Jacob Koch in Berlin,

5:600

of Emil Oppenheimer in Heilbronn,

5:458n; 8:166n;

wants to leave,

732–733

leaves Lucerne for Heilbronn,

10:128

medical condition,

8:813n

morphine injections for,

9:139

as mother-in-law, AE on,

5:585

moves in with Maja and Paul Winteler-Einstein,

8:885n;

plans for,

166

operation of,

8:41, 58

on own deteriorating health,

9:172

plans visit to Switzerland,

10:97–98

Prague, with AE in,

5:432

private nurse for,

10:216

room in Berlin for,

9:226, 274

roots in Swabia of,

9:70n

in Rosenau sanatorium,

9:572c

in sanatorium stay in Lucerne,

10:xxxvi, 199–200, 203–204, 206, 211

sends Christmas presents,

5:585;

Einstein-Marić’s reaction,

586

Switzerland, planned trip to,

5:497

visits

AE in Berlin,

8:228; 10:169

Berlin,

5:237

Weggis,

10:111–112, 121

Winteler-Einstein in Lucerne,

10:110, 187

Winteler, feels antipathy for,

10:196

Zangger, examined by,

9:92; 10:201, 207, 209, 215

Einstein, Robert (1884–1945),

1:lvii; 5:238, 239n

Einstein, Rudolf (1843–1928),

1:li, liv–lv, lvii n, 3n, 281n, 380; 5:10n, 239n, 457n, 458n, 518n, 534n, 536; 8:17, 53, 54, 343n; 9:30n, 64, 74n, 83, 201, 420n; 10:xxxii, 24n, 128, 130, 511n

AE visits,

10:20

Hechingen, lives in,

5:10n

Einstein-De Haas effect.

See Ampère’s molecular currents

Einstein-De Haas experiment.

See Ampère’s molecular currents

Einstein-Marić, Mileva (1875–1948),

3:125n, 178n, 321, 397n; 5:5n, 9, 11n, 19n, 26n, 35n, 82n, 89, 133n, 141n, 152n, 181, 211n, 224n, 225n, 226n, 234n, 237n, 239n, 240n, 242n, 249, 274n, 279n, 283n, 286n, 288n, 289n, 311n, 324, 343, 379n, 387n, 407n, 433n, 438n, 470n, 484n, 515, 518n, 519n, 542n, 543n, 556n, 557n, 558, 589n, 600n, 604n, 606; 7:222; 8:11, 14, 44–46, 48n, 52, 55, 64, 86, 93, 128, 188, 199, 213, 226, 257, 280, 339n, 406, 497, 515, 666, 718, 734, 754, 788, 830, 835, 938, 970; 9:4n, 13n, 36n, 91n, 130, 132, 170n, 195, 234, 270, 294n, 306, 486, 495, 496, 496n, 500, 530, 573c; 10:xxix–xxxvii, 5, 13n, 22n, 29, 31, 34, 35n, 37, 41n, 46, 48, 62, 75, 81, 102, 116–117, 118n, 126, 135, 140–141, 146, 148, 150, 154, 156–157, 159, 163, 179, 181, 213–214, 217, 342, 418

academic and career plans, AE on,

1:211–212, 222, 229–230, 255, 294, 300, 305, 312

address in Zurich:

first,

8:58n;

second,

59n;

third,

85n, 91;

fourth,

129n

AE

advises sons on corresponding with,

8:78–79, 190–191

agrees to divorce from,

8:278

discusses with Besso,

8:281n

excursions and trips with,

1:58, 235, 275, 280, 286, 288, 293–295, 297, 301–302, 311–312, 376

on feelings of Hans Albert Einstein toward,

8:186n

on financial support by,

10:142, 181, 228–229

jealous of dependence of Eduard and Hans Albert Einstein on,

8:168

joint study of books with,

1:xxxix, 220–221, 230, 235, 267, 336

joint work with: on capillarity,

1:xxxix, 267, 300;

on molecular forces,

1:292;

on relative motion,

1:xxxix, 225, 28

last discussion with, about separation,

8:50

marriage to,

1:xxxvii, 381; 5:9, 9n;

certificate,

9:11n

on planned mountain trip with sons,

10:164

on relationship with family of,

8:3

requests direct contact with,

10:150–151

on sons’ disappointment by cancellation of visit of,

10:166

wishes to meet with,

10:121

AE attempts to push out of Berlin apartment,

8:977

AE on,

5:199n, 574, 585, 587; 10:26–27, 31–32, 37, 81, 89, 116–117, 146, 161

AE on character of,

8:50, 58, 78, 836

AE on excellent circumstances of life of,

8:317

AE on impossibility of living with,

8:52

AE on own responsibility for ruining relations with,

8:729

AE, relationship with, intellectual,

1:59, 258, 273, 318–319;

description of,

1:xxxix–xl

AE, relationship with, personal

AE’s feelings on,

1:242, 250–251, 253–256, 258–260, 262, 280, 286, 294, 300, 304, 308, 322, 325, 330, 335

AE’s family’s reaction to,

1:227, 239, 244, 248–249, 251–253, 256, 257, 259, 266, 308, 312–314, 317, 319–320, 336

Besso on,

1:266

description of,

1:xxxvi–xxxviii

family’s reaction to,

1:59, 308, 310–311, 314

feelings on,

1:229, 244, 268, 273, 298, 301, 313–314, 318

Wintelers’ reaction to,

1:287, 306, 326–327

AE on separation from,

8:45, 47, 49, 50, 118

AE resides in apartment of,

9:573c

AE satisfied with behavior of,

8:280, 729, 835

AE on uncommon ugliness of,

5:199n

on AE’s academic and career plans,

1:270, 275, 310, 320

AE’s conditions of living with,

8:45, 46, 44

on AE’s first doctoral dissertation,

1:320; 2:174–175

on AE’s family,

1:228, 244, 273, 314, 317, 319

AE’s notes, use of to study for ETH examinations,

1:61, 212, 228, 229n, 230, 311

on AE’s personality,

1:245, 320

AE’s shared assets with,

8:57, 58, 64, 93

awarded care of sons,

9:10

Berlin

arrives in,

8:17, 20

looks for apartment in,

5:570, 586n, 593, 595n

leaves,

8:47, 50

Besso, displeased with visits of,

8:404

Besso-Winteler, feels offended by,

8:788; 10:164

in Bethanienheim hospital,

10:79

biography,

1:380–381

called stubborn and without goodwill by Besso-Winteler,

8:1032

daughter Lieserl

(see Lieserl, daughter of AE and Einstein-Marić)

divorce from AE,

9:8–10, 556c, 557c

divorce proceedings

accepts AE’s proposal for,

10:146

asks for patience from AE in,

10:141–142

denies having agreed to initiation of,

10:41

on divorce contract,

10:156, 157–158, 159, 163, 165

proposes Zurich as location for,

10:147

dowry of,

8:78, 816; 10:143n

on Drude,

8:3

education

doctoral dissertation,

1:260, 300, 303n

ETH final examination for the Diplom,

1:61, 247, 260n, 306, 307n, 311–312, 313n

ETH intermediate examination for the Diplom,

1:220–221, 226, 228–230, 234

ETH studies,

1:43, 59n, 211–212, 292n

Heidelberg, semester at,

1:58–59

primary and secondary,

1:xxxvi, 380

Einstein, Eduard, on seriousness of illness of,

10:142

Einstein, Hans Albert

on feelings of,

8:186n

influence on,

8:205

piano instruction to,

8:372; 10:77

Einstein, Pauline, bad relationship with,

5:457

employment, attempts to find,

1:256, 262, 275, 294

family, AE on,

1:252, 254 (see also Marić, Marija (mother); Marić, Miloš (father); Marić, Zorka (sister))

financial help for AE,

1:257, 288, 314, 318, 326

financial support from AE,

8:48n, 55, 57–58, 64, 78, 86, 93, 257, 270, 340, 406, 453, 531, 581n, 598, 666, 677–678, 730–731, 754–755, 772, 788, 794–795, 814, 830, 911, 938, 978

German securities deposited by AE in her name,

10:180, 217, 258

gifts to AE,

1:59, 216, 261, 317, 322, 326, 329

Gloriastrasse apartment of, plans to lease out,

10:228;

sublet,

99, 102

health of,

10:55, 58–59, 75, 109, 137, 179

AE on,

10:44, 46, 49, 62

after birth of: Eduard,

5:251;

Hans Albert,

5:27n

household budget of,

8:665n

ill,

8:316, 320, 324, 330, 331, 332, 337, 339, 340, 348, 350n, 367, 372, 381, 443, 452n, 457, 665, 677, 851

ill with

back pains,

8:573–574

brain tuberculosis,

8:330, 331, 400

glandular swelling,

8:400

headache,

8:3

heart problems,

8:311

influenza,

5:10

neck and jaw infection,

8:852

nerve pressure on spine,

8:562n

scrofula,

8:400

toothache,

5:515

illness of

AE inquires after,

8:561

AE misjudges,

8:677

AE on responsibility for,

8:321

jealousy of,

5:219n, 516;

AE’s apologies to Georg Meyer for,

5:199

Locarno, trip with sons to,

5:599–601, 603; 8:18n, 990c

Meyer-Schmid, annoyance at letter by,

5:199n

moving costs of, AE on,

8:64

on moving to Germany,

10:220–221, 228, 498

neurologist of,

8:372

in Novi Sad,

10:237–238

nurse in household of,

8:658, 665; 10:58

parents of

plans of moving to,

10:121

plans of visiting in Novi Sad,

10:226, 228

payments to,

9:9–10, 90, 234

personality, AE on,

1:220–221, 226, 229–230, 267

plays piano,

5:223n

pregnancy of,

5:22, 22n, 215n

reasons for not allowing sons to visit Germany,

10:172

reserve fund for,

8:270, 598

return to Zurich: from Berlin,

8:992c;

from Vienna,

5:559n;

sons, Hans Albert and Eduard

AE feels has bad influence on,

8:169

AE feels prevents meeting with,

8:185, 279

AE requests regular information about,

8:56

study of English,

2:110

suffers from solitude,

8:337

Swiss Patent Office, on AE’s work at,

5:7n

takes cure in Rheinfelden,

10:195n, 196, 200, 210

teaching position in Belgrade, inquiry about,

5:23n

temporary lodging of,

8:57

tensions with AE’s relatives in Berlin,

5:544, 587

tubercular condition of,

10:75

tutors of,

8:316

Varićak, good relationship with,

10:23

visits

family,

5:115n

Haber in Berlin,

570, 574

parents in Serbia,

9:270, 303, 338

widow’s pension for,

8:673, 684, 713–714, 721–722;

AE on,

271, 623, 677, 678, 719, 730; 10:142, 146–147, 567c

Winteler-Einstein

bad relationship with,

5:457

mistrusts,

10:90

Wintelers, rejects AE’s plan to have Hans Albert Einstein board with,

10:150–151

Zurich, life in with AE,

1:213, 226, 230, 234, 238, 243, 268–269, 272, 280

Einstein-Richardson effect.

See Ampère’s molecular currents

Einstein’s cosmological model.

See Cosmological model, Einstein’s

Einstein’s equation.

See Capillarity: AE’s equation for

Einstein’s photoelectric equation.

See Photoelectric effect: AE’s equation for

Einstein-Smoluchowski scattering.

See Smoluchowski-Einstein scattering

Einstein-Stiftung.

See Albert-Einstein-Spende

Einstein tensor,

7:25, 28n

Einstein Tower Solar Observatory.

See Tower Telescope

Eisenach, AE and Elsa Einstein visit,

10:33

Eisenhart, Luther (1876–1965),

10:490;

invites AE to Princeton University,

441

Eisfelder, Otto,

9:226, 607c

dispute with, on room for Pauline Einstein,

9:274

extends AE’s rent contract,

9:608c

Eisner, Kurt (1867–1919),

9:xliv, 488n, 558c;

assassination of,

9:13n

Eka-iodine,

9:217

Elasticity

and specific heat,

3:409–413, 413n–414n, 420

coefficient of, for gases,

1:101

of solids,

3:xxiii, 475n

theory,

10:282;

relativistic,

241

See also Force: elastic

Elbogen, Ismar (1874–1943),

9:169n

“Electra,” Apparatenbau-Ges.m.b.H., Vienna,

1:liv

Electric charge,

1:224, 226; 2:256, 294, 451, 503–504; 3:9, 316–319, 338, 396n

bound,

3:344

on conductors,

3:327–329

conservation of,

3:318–319, 325, 384

definition of,

3:316–318, 325; 4:9, 54

density of,

4:10, 54, 150; 7:134

distribution of,

3:325

freely moving,

3:246n

and impressed forces,

3:351–352

measurement of small quantities of,

3:9, 340–341, 397n–39t8n

positive and negative,

3:318–319

rest density of,

4:54, 82, 87, 320

static spherically symmetric distribution of,

7:138

subelectronic,

3:xxvi, 509n

controversy on discovery of,

5:291n, 320n, 322n;

AE on,

321

surface density of,

1:160–161

unit of,

3:xix, 362–363, 508n–509n

violation of conservation of,

7:572n

See also Charge: elementary; Measuring instruments

Electric circuits,

3:117–119, 368–369

and capacity,

3:380–382

closed,

1:177–178, 181

Kirchhoff’s laws for,

1:181–184; 3:368

magnetic energy of,

3:362, 373

networks,

1:182

parallel,

1:184, 192

and self-induction,

3:380

series,

1:192

system of two,

3:376–379

three-wire system,

1:185

Electric conductivity,

2:174, 512–513; 4:19

AE on,

5:337–338

experiments on,

3:504n

of metals, Besso on,

5:319, 342

of negative charge carriers, Drude on,

1:284, 285n

of pure metals,

3:501

relation to thermal conductivity,

1:194, 305n

relation with temperature, AE on,

5:281

Weber, H. F., on,

1:235

See also Electric conductor; Electric current

Electric conductor,

2:490–491, 503–504, 523, 525; 3:119, 327–328, 334

distribution of electric charge on,

1:159–161

extended,

3:369–370, 399n

ferromagnetic,

3:255–256

interrupted by dielectric,

3:386

motion of,

3:336

relation between charge and potential of,

1:161–167

resistance of,

3:367

See also Electric conductivity

Electric current,

1:6, 7, 9, 172, 227n; 2:262–263, 507, 512, 519, 526, 585; 3:356–357

density of,

7:134

and displacement vector D,

3:386–387

distribution in Voltaic cell,

1:176–178

inductive,

3:142

in magnetic field,

3:255–256, 257n

measurement of,

1:35, 158, 200–210

as motion of charges in empty space, AE on,

1:224, 226

Poynting vector,

3:391–392

units of,

1:207; 3:362–363

See also Ampère’s molecular currents

Electric field,

1:5, 223–225; 3:132

and bound electricity,

3:344

boundary conditions for,

2:506, 512, 515, 532–534, 535n

definition of strength of,

4:9

displacement vector D,

2:510–511, 513, 515, 521, 537–539; 3:342–347, 387

external,

2:417

force vector E,

2:510–511, 519, 520, 537–538

of light wave,

3:298

of point charge,

4:152

strength,

2:417, 451

transformation equations for,

2:292–296, 301, 411, 417, 450, 481–482

See also Electromagnetic field

Electric force,

2:208; 3:272–273, 316, 320, 322, 325, 332, 342, 348, 393;

AE on definition of,

1:226. See also Ponderomotive force

Electric lighting filaments,

1:197n

Electric meter,

1:lii

Electric motor,

1:liv

Electric polarization,

4:16, 85, 202

in Hertz’s electrodynamics,

1:223, 226

of molecules,

1:172

Electric potential

(see Potential: electric)

Electric resistance,

1:175–210

in branched conductors,

1:184–187

measurement of,

1:35, 186–190

specific

of copper,

1:199–200

dependence on temperature,

1:190–191

of metals,

1:190–191

units of,

1:191–194; 3:367

vanishing, close to absolute zero,

3:501

Electric resonator energy, as source of internal kinetic energy,

1:235–236, 279. See also Resonator

Electric state of medium.

See Material medium: electric state of

Electric waves,

3:384–385

Electricity,

1:xxxix, xl, 5–6, 148–210, 224, 226, 227, 236, 237, 238

AE’s lectures on magnetism and,

3:xvii, 8, 126n–l27n, 316–396, 396n–400n, 598–599

atomistic constitution of,

2:45

carriers of,

2:411

contact,

1:178–181; 2:358n

duality of magnetism and,

2:526, 528n; 4:25, 26

electron theory of

(see Electron theory)

law of conservation of,

4:10, 11

Maxwell’s theory of

(see Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory)

measurement of small quantities of

(see Maschinchen, Einstein’s)

true,

4:26

See also Electric charge

Electrochemical equivalence, Faraday’s law of,

4:111

Electrochemical equivalent,

1:226

Electrochemistry,

1:286

Electrode,

2:7, 24–29, 33–35, 38, 40n

Electrodynamic force,

3:256, 466

Electrodynamics,

3:xxvi, 117–119, 160, 513; 4:9–28, 51–56, 59–64, 81–98, 147–154, 192, 199, 202n, 264–269, 318–321, 487, 495, 499, 512–517, 545, 562, 584, 610–612; 6:21, 45–48, 59–66, 264–268, 360, 365, 457, 476, 525–526, 577; 7:79, 139n, 207, 213, 219, 526–527

AE’s course at ETH on,

4:3, 6, 106n, 108n, 298, 300, 512–519

AE’s lectures on,

579

AE’s work on, between 1902 and 1905,

2:259

and Ampère’s molecular currents,

6:146, 151, 173, 191

of bodies at rest,

2:277, 452, 504, 509, 522, 538–539

boundary conditions in,

4:90–91, 516–517

classical,

3:178n, 506n, 514n; 9:160

concept of force in, Bucherer on,

5:148

conservation of energy-momentum in

(see Energy-momentum, law of conservation of: in electrodynamics)

contiguous action interpretation of,

6:457

covariant,

3:10, 396n

covariant formulation of,

6:59–65, 67n, 68n, 105–109, 129n, 135, 264–268, 327–330, 408n; 7:91, 157, 160–161, 454, 525, 531, 561–562

development of,

3:xxviii, 174n, 178, 426, 439n; 7:372–373, 407, 431

duality of electricity and magnetism in,

2:526, 528n; 4:25, 26

energy density, electromagnetic,

4:13, 20, 154

epistemological status of,

9:264

equation of motion of point mass in,

2:411; 4:95–98

field equations of

(see Electromagnetic field: equations of)

foundations of,

2:139, 144, 148, 565

as fundamental science,

7:311, 315, 321n

and relativity, general,

6:105–109, 226, 264–267, 269n, 294, 318, 325–326, 327–330, 536n

generally covariant,

8:350n, 796–801, 803

Göttingen seminar on,

2:267, 504

and gravitational field,

4:124, 127, 147–154, 318–321

incompatibility with Planck’s radiation law, AE on,

5:166

Lorentz’s: action and reaction in,

5:149n;

formulation of,

7:247

Maxwell field tensor of

(see Maxwell field tensor)

Maxwell’s

(see Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory)

Maxwell’s formulation of,

7:247

and mechanics,

3:523

and quantum theory,

6:356, 364, 368, 370n, 382, 384, 385, 387, 388, 392, 395

and radiation,

3:xx, 517

relativistic,

2:292–306, 449–453; 3:177, 423n, 445

and relativity, general,

6:105–109, 226, 264–267, 269n, 294, 318, 325–326, 327–330, 536n

and relativity, special,

6:4, 26, 59–65, 75, 132, 264, 266, 280, 325, 328, 330, 433, 437, 452, 453–455, 458, 459, 527; 7:xxxi, 6, 208, 214, 245–250, 313–315

retarded potential in,

6:348, 350

special relativistic,

8:5, 6

stress-energy tensor in

(see Energy-momentum tensor: of electromagnetic field)

and time-reversal invariance,

10:54

See also Electric field; Electromagnetic field; Electron theory: Lorentz’s and Poincaré’s; Magnetic field; Maxwell-Hertz equations

Electrodynamics of bodies at rest,

2:277, 452, 504, 509, 522, 538–539. See also Maxwell-Hertz equations

Electrodynamics of moving bodies,

1:xl, 223–225, 226–227, 325, 328, 330; 2:253, 258, 268, 509–517, 530, 532–534; 3:133

AE’s theory of,

2:xxii–xxiii, 175, 259–260, 276–306, 509

asymmetries in formulations of,

2:276, 295, 309

Drude’s theory of, AE plans to study,

1:225, 330

Hertz’s theory of,

2:255–256, 307n, 308n, 532

Lorentz’s theory of,

2:259, 264–265, 301–302, 307n, 410, 434–435, 438, 449, 540, 567–568; 8:5, 6, 900

macroscopic theory of,

2:268, 503

problems of,

2:147, 542

Electrodynamics of moving media,

3:257n

Abraham’s paper on,

5:162n;

AE on,

161n

AE’s and Laub’s work on,

2:253–254, 503–507; 5:114n, 119;

action and reaction in,

131, 132n, 253

Cohn’s theory of,

2:255–256, 258, 267, 307n, 504; 3:445, 449n

derivation of macroscopic equations in,

2:517n

Hertz’s theory of,

2:503, 504

Lorentz’s theory of,

2:xxviii, 503, 507, 514

Minkowski’s theory of,

2:xxii, 504–507, 517n, 537–540, 540n; 3:445, 449n; 4:26, 84, 88, 89, 92, 107n; 5:93n, 114n; 7:91; 8:5, 6

relativistic,

2:xxii, xxviii, 503–504, 514

See also Ponderomotive force: AE’s and Laub’s expression for

Electrolysis,

1:226n;

Reichinstein on,

10:312

Electrolytes,

2:7, 25

conductivity of,

2:xviii, 7, 27, 40n, 178, 501n

Nernst’s theory of,

2:27–28

viscosity in,

2:179, 180

Electromagnetic energy,

2:312, 420, 425, 456, 485n; 3:xix; 400n; 5:163–165; 7:137, 140n

distribution and propagation of,

3:270, 392

expected minimum density of,

3:539

inertia of

(see Energy: inertia of; Equivalence of mass and energy)

localization of,

3:249–252, 253n;

in Maxwell’s theory,

2:583n

Electromagnetic field,

3:xix, 136, 171–172, 422, 423n

boundary conditions for,

2:506, 532–534, 535n, 565

of charged mass rotating around gravitational source, Mie’s calculation of,

9:97

emission and absorption of,

2:543

energy of,

3:350, 355, 392, 400n

equations of,

2:256, 507; 7:89, 95, 357n, 516–517, 571n, 595

macroscopic,

2:503, 504

microscopic,

2:503

Minkowski’s,

2:503, 505–507

for moving media,

4:25–28, 51–56, 84–91, 515; 6:46, 73, 107, 108–109; 7:89, 98n, 372, 407

for stationary media,

4:15–24, 513; 6:65–66, 266; 7:88, 91, 98n, 516

for vacuum,

4:9–12, 81–84, 147–154, 265n, 268n, 320–321; 6:59, 106, 264–267, 327–330, 340; 7:87, 132–133, 247, 250, 373, 407, 412, 461, 514, 567, 593

as independent structure,

2:148, 257–258, 435, 569, 572

inertia of

(see Energy: inertia of)

lack of understanding of,

9:56

and matter,

7:247

Maxwell tensor of

(see Maxwell field tensor)

Maxwell’s theory of

(see Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory)

measuring instrument for,

4:151, 154

medium for,

7:313–315

momentum of,

3:393

stresses in

(see Energy-momentum tensor: of electromagnetic field)

tensor of,

4:81, 519n

transformation properties of,

2:292–296, 301, 411, 417, 420, 449–450, 462, 481–483

within electron,

7:351

See also Electric field; Electrodynamics; Magnetic field

Electromagnetic induction,

2:262, 306n; 7:121n, 372, 407

problem of electrodynamic explanation of,

7:264–265

symmetry of, Lehmann on,

9:562c

Electromagnetic phenomena in moving media.

See Electrodynamics of moving media

Electromagnetic potential

(see Potential: electromagnetic)

Electromagnetic radiation.

See Radiation

Electromagnetic stress-energy tensor.

See Energy-momentum tensor: of electromagnetic field

Electromagnetic theory.

See Electrodynamics; Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory

Electromagnetic units,

3:379–380

Electromagnetic waves,

1:xxxix, 5, 6, 6–9; 2:261; 3:389–396, 400n

energy of, Weiß on,

5:163–165

See also Ether waves

Electromagnetic worldview.

See Worldview: electromagnetic

Electrometer,

1:172; 2:397n, 490, 492n; 3:9, 339–340, 397n, 398n

AE’s construction of,

5:150

quadrant,

1:156–158, 162–164;

of Elster and Geitel,

5:383

See also Thomson’s balance

Electromotive force,

1:35, 178, 181, 201; 2:28, 262, 276, 292–295, 309n, 451; 3:119, 351, 368, 370–371, 388, 399n; 4:15, 27, 84; 8:8

Electromotive force series,

2:354, 358n

Electrons,

1:236–237, 284–285 3:499, 505n, 540–541, 547n; 4:15, 64, 116, 552; 6:454, 458–459, 536n

Abraham’s model of (rigid),

2:254, 270, 308n, 310n, 371, 410, 412n, 461, 553n; 5:57; 8:840, 913

accelerated,

2:270, 411

acceleration of,

3:543

AE on influence of magnetic field on,

10:12

and atoms,

3:514n

bound, Fokker’s theory of,

10:298

Bucherer’s model of,

2:270, 310n, 371, 461; 8:900

calculation of quantum levels of,

10:244n

charge of,

2:302, 553n; 6:364, 370n, 526; 10:297

nonfractional,

9:7

circulating intra-atomic,

6:146, 147, 151–152, 153, 165, 169, 170n, 173, 174, 183, 189n, 191

determination of sign of charge of,

6:163–165, 179, 183–184, 189n, 192

See also Ampère’s molecular currents

circulating intramolecular,

7:xxvii, 586–589

cohesive forces in,

10:371

collisions of,

3:515–517, 543

contribution of to specific heat of solids,

2:386

deformable,

2:410–412, 553n, 561

and superluminal velocity,

5:57

Wien’s support of,

5:57

and dielectrics,

3:398n

ejection of, from metals

(see Photoelectric effect)

in electrodynamics,

2:148

equation of motion of,

2:258, 270, 302–306, 411, 436, 453–458; 4:98; 6:64–65, 458–459

in five-dimensional theory,

9:66

existence and stability of,

10:378

fluctuations in velocity of,

3:505n

and gravitational field,

10:62

gravitational field in constitution of,

9:264

gyromagnetic factor of,

6:148, 149

inertial mass of,

10:287

kinetic energy of,

2:304–305

Langevin’s model of,

2:310n

Lorentz-contracted,

10:348

Lorentz-FitzGerald hypothesis on contraction of,

10:9n

Lorentz’s model of,

2:310n, 371

in magnetic field,

3:518, 518n;

AE on invalidity of mechanics for,

5:359

magnetic effect on, novel theory of,

10:12

and magnetism,

10:303

mass of,

7:321n

AE on nature of,

5:88

electromagnetic,

2:561

longitudinal,

2:270, 303–304, 310n, 370, 372n, 486n

ratio of transverse to longitudinal,

2:270, 303–304, 368–371

transverse,

2:270, 272, 304, 310n, 370, 486n

variation of with velocity,

2:270, 272, 486n; 8:815n, 900, 908, 913

mean energy of,

3:505n

in metals,

3:232–233, 500

motion of

in electromagnetic field, Schuster’s calculation of,

5:138n

rapid,

2:411

slow,

2:370, 411

negative pressure within,

7:134, 139n, 456–457n, 567

new theory of, AE on need for,

5:88

nonspherical, nonellipsoidal,

2:410

number and position of in atom,

8:821–822

and origin of paramagnetism,

10:28

as point singularity,

2:436, 553n

positive,

6:165, 179

radiating,

6:146, 147, 152, 173, 191

radiating gravitational waves,

6:356; 7:xxvii

in radiation field,

3:505n, 543

rest energy of, AE on,

5:88

rigid

nonspherical,

2:412n

and superluminal velocity,

5:57, 58, 65

rotating but not radiating,

10:541

secondary,

3:540, 547n

as singularity or nonsingular solution of differential equations, AE on,

9:375

specific charge of,

6:147, 148, 152, 168, 170n, 175, 184, 188, 189n, 192

specific charge of, determination of,

5:114, 115n, 186

Bucherer’s,

3:173, 176n; 5:133–134, 135n, 136–138

Classen’s,

5:138n

Hupka’s,

5:187n, 189, 190n

Kaufmann’s

(see Kaufmann, Walter: experiments on electron mass)

stability of,

7:131, 140n; 9:498

structure in atom of,

10:303

and subelectrons,

10:295, 298n

superluminal velocities of,

2:310n

theory of as topic of Third Solvay Congress,

10:302

Zangger on,

10:513

See also Beta rays; Cathode rays; Electric charge

Electron gas,

8:776

Electron impact method of Franck,

9:368

Electron orbits, invariance of, in Weyl’s theory,

9:112

Electron theory,

2:151, 256, 261, 265, 309n, 350, 351, 503, 504, 520, 526, 528n; 7:351

AE’s work on,

5:11

derivation of macroscopic electrodynamic equations from,

2:504, 517n

limits of,

2:144, 585

Lorentz-Einstein equations of,

2:254, 272

Lorentz’s,

2:xvi, xxviii, 253, 256–257, 259, 261, 264, 268, 270, 308n, 371, 503–504, 568, 569, 570; 3:xix, 136, 138, 142–146, 344, 398n, 445, 449n; 4:3, 9–28, 29, 39, 51–56, 84, 153, 550n; 6:45–48, 61, 67n, 151, 169, 170n, 173, 189n, 191, 437, 452; 7:139n–140n, 514, 530

field equations of,

6:106

and Kaufmann’s experiments,

5:138

macroscopic,

2:503–504

of metals

(see Electron theory of metals)

Poincaré’s,

7:xxviii, 139n–140n, 567

with quaternions,

9:265

relativistic,

7:131–135, 138

relativistic invariance of,

2:507

superluminal velocity in,

5:56

Electron theory of metals,

8:4n, 445

AE’s interest in,

1:xl, 236–237, 238, 284–285, 287, 303, 304n, 305, 306, 309n

Besso on,

5:318, 342

Drude’s,

1:236–237; 2:xviii, 45, 46, 143, 151, 167n, 175, 207, 5:320n; 8:4n

Gruner’s work on,

5:145–147, 147n

Electrophorus,

5:51

Electrostatic field,

3:xix, 389;

“frequency” of,

178n

Electrostatic force,

1:150–156; 2:305

Electrostatic induction,

1:164–167

Electrostatic potential

(see Potential: electrostatic)

Electrostatics,

3:317–341, 367, 389, 392; 4:22, 127, 194, 315, 488, 567; 6:476; 7:86

Heaviside’s electrostatic unit,

4:9

Poisson equation in,

4:397n

use of electrophorus in,

5:51

use of friction machines in,

5:51

use of induction machines in,

5:51

Electrotechnology,

1:307, 308n, 327; 2:397n

Elementary charge.

See Charge: elementary

Elementary particles

constitution of,

7:xxvii, 131–140n, 318–319, 351, 377, 392, 409

existence of,

8:392

See also Electron theory

Elementary quanta (fundamental atomic constants),

2:99, 107n, 108n, 154, 167n, 338, 376, 393–396, 396n, 546, 549, 552n–553n, 577, 585

Eliasberg, Alexander (1878–1924),

9:xliv, 394

invites AE to join editorial board of Das Ode-on,

9:391–392

Jewish identity of,

9:394

Eller Prize,

8:1001c

Ellermann (Institutsmechaniker),

3:564

Elliptic geometry.

See Geometry: elliptic

Elsa, Countess von Schweinitz und Krain, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:399–400

Elsenhans, Theodor (1851–1923),

8:695

Elster, Julius (1854–1920),

5:384n; 9:349;

induction machine of,

5:52

Emde, Fritz (1873–1951),

9:292

Emden, Robert (1862–1940), and light refraction as cause of light deflection,

9:296, 297, 309, 310

Emergency Society for German Science and Scholarship.

See Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft

Emergency Society in Aid of German and Austrian Science and Art,

7:495n

Emission,

3:260, 506n

and absorption,

3:457, 517, 535–536, 542, 558

coefficient,

3:513

induced and spontaneous,

4:113

See also Radiation

Emission theory of light.

See Light, emission theory of

Emmert, Karl (1813–1903),

1:335n

Empirical facts.

See Experience; Experiments

Empirical knowledge versus speculation,

8:864–865, 870–871

Endothermic process,

2:116

Energetics,

2:xxvii, 207;

AE on,

5:285

Energy,

3:32, 204, 374–375

atomic, in lattice,

3:463–464

in classical mechanics,

10:63

components

(see Gravitational field: energy-momentum components (pseudotensor) of)

concept of,

2:121, 150

conservation of

(see Energy, law of conservation of; Energy-momentum, law of conservation of; Thermodynamics: first law of)

conversion of, into heat,

3:351

of current,

6:98

current and Poynting vector,

3:392

definition of,

3:32

degradation of,

2:121

density,

3:279; 6:98, 355, 392

of dipole, rotating,

4:273

distinction between potential and kinetic,

2:52–53, 75n, 95n

distribution of,

2:150, 352; 3:xix, 178, 270, 281n–282n, 557

electric,

3:332

electric resonators,

2:143

electromagnetic

(see Electromagnetic energy)

elementary quantities of,

3:504n

emission of,

3:395–396, 515–516

equipartition theorem of,

4:524; 6:383, 390, 398n, 577; 7:86

equivalence of, with inertial mass

(see Equivalence of mass and energy)

exchange of,

2:338; 3:504n, 522–524

of fields,

3:xix, 350, 555

fluctuations

(see Energy fluctuations)

free,

2:121, 211, 225, 229, 235n; 6:31, 250–251

and frequency,

3:250, 497n, 546n

increase of, and work,

3:375

inertia of,

2:312–314, 360, 414–427, 436, 463–464, 485n (see also Inertial mass)

kinetic

(see Kinetic energy)

localization of,

2:583n; 3:178, 249, 252, 423n

magnetic,

3:350–351, 362, 373

and mass

(see Equivalence of mass and energy)

of matter,

7:137

in Maxwell theory

AE on,

5:229, 230n

AE’s expression for,

5:225–226

mean

deviation from,

3:533, 535–536, 538

of electron,

3:505n

of moving gas molecules,

3:543

of oscillator and temperature,

3:510, 523–524, 531

mean square,

3:536

mechanical,

4:522, 533

of mixture of molecules,

6:31

of moving system,

2:298, 466–469, 561

new sources of,

7:339

nuclear,

7:339

of oscillator

(see Oscillators: energy of)

of point mass,

6:64, 103, 454, 456

of ponderable bodies,

2:150

potential

(see Potential energy)

quantization of,

2:134, 353–354, 383, 390n, 545, 575, 577, 585; 3:422, 531

quantum distribution of,

3:545n

in quantum theory, AE on,

5:228–229

of radiation

(see Radiation: energy of)

relation between frequency and, of radiation,

2:299, 309n

release of, in radioactive decay,

2:314, 464–465

rest,

4:59, 108n, 569

rotational, of gas molecule,

9:438

of secondary electrons,

3:540, 547n

thermal,

3:446; 4:522, 563

transfer by radiation

(see Radiation: energy transfer by)

transformation of, relativistic,

2:313–314, 466–469

transmission of,

3:514, 523

through molecular kinetics,

457

through radiation,

392, 489, 492

velocity dependence of,

2:463

of X-rays, Sommerfeld’s paper on spatial distribution of,

5:228

zero-point

(see Zero-point energy)

Energy fluctuations

of black-body radiation

(see Black-body radiation: energy fluctuations of)

of oscillator,

6:365

of radiation,

8:424n

in thermal equilibrium,

xx, 2:41, 47–48, 105, 137

Energy knots, matter as,

8:578n

Energy, law of conservation of,

1:7, 92–94; 2:xxvi, 67, 95n, 96n, 121, 309n–310n, 475, 484, 542, 561; 3:xxi, xxvi, 32, 34, 40, 68–69, 116, 334, 346, 374–376, 391–392, 438, 457, 488, 508, 539, 550, 562n; 4:138, 140, 152, 258n, 521–523, 546, 613; 6:4, 65, 100, 238–239, 455, 456

AE on possible statistical validity of,

5:261n

in “Entwurf” theory,

5:552

motion of pendulum derived from,

3:69

in psychology,

9:520

renunciation of in radiation theory,

5:261

in special relativity,

4:64, 101

use of,

5:10, 17

violation of,

3:538

See also Energy-momentum, law of conservation of; Thermodynamics: first law of

Energy quantum.

See Quantum: of energy

Energy states, degeneracy of,

6:39n

Energy transfer, as directed process,

8:330, 333, 401

Energy-momentum density, components (pseudotensor) of.

See Gravitational field: energy-momentum components (pseudotensor) of

Energy-momentum, law of conservation of,

7:80n, 452, 456n; 8:312, 315

in closed universe,

8:782, 784–785

as consequence of field equations,

8:236–237, 238, 242–244, 249–254

controversy about,

7:xxiv–xxvi, 64, 76n, 79, 574n

in covariant theories of AE and Hilbert,

8:291, 294

and definition of straight line,

4:580

in electrodynamics,

4:12–15, 19, 22, 24, 63, 82, 91, 95–96; 8:176;

of,

6:65, 66, 109, 219, 264, 267–268; 7:162, 179n, 532

in “Entwurf” theory,

8:101

for gravitational field,

6:319–321, 323–324, 346n

for matter,

4:198, 222n, 232n, 246, 311, 316, 476, 481, 488, 494, 574, 591, 595, 622n; 8:698;

of,

6:9, 11, 97–101, 219–220, 221, 246, 248, 324–325, 350351, 550; 7:553–554

for matter and gravitational field,

4:318, 496, 567, 574, 580, 620; 6:9, 100, 120, 221, 247, 324, 351, 414–415, 416n, 493; 7:xxv–xxvi, 15, 23–24, 31, 64, 66, 165, 552; 8:834; 9:36, 100–101

and perihelion motion,

4:439n, 441n

in special relativity,

7:132

in Weyl’s unified field theory,

8:878

Energy-momentum tensor,

6:68n; 7:xxv, 20–21, 30–31, 36n, 39, 72, 452

of dust,

7:166–167, 180n, 182n, 456n, 555–556, 567

of electromagnetic field,

2:506, 528n; 3:394; 4:91–94, 269n, 513, 517, 518; 5:552; 6:66, 226, 267–268, 329–330; 7:95–96, 100n, 132–133, 136, 139n–140n, 313, 322n, 455, 457n, 530–531; 8:142n

of fluid,

6:104–105, 326; 7:96, 100n, 456, 534

of gravitational field

(see Gravitational field: energy components (pseudotensor) of)

of matter,

4:99–100, 195, 196, 232n, 247n, 249, 297, 312, 336, 352, 361n, 395n, 465n, 467n, 471n, 481, 491, 495, 496, 567, 573, 590–591; 6:8, 9, 10, 98–99, 104–105, 219–220, 226, 246–248, 322–323, 326, 332, 345n, 349, 351, 411, 416n, 545, 547, 549; 7:13, 16, 32n, 132, 137, 139n–140n, 165, 456n, 533, 552; 8:553

trace of,

6:222, 226–228, 234–235, 245–246, 349

of radiation,

6:65

symmetric,

6:56, 79, 298

Energy-momentum vector,

4:97, 249, 309, 569, 575; 8:782, 785–786, 791–793, 805, 825–826, 827n–828n, 833n

of point mass,

6:103, 125, 127–128, 544

Engel, Franz Joseph,

1:348, 350

Engelbrecht, Johanna (1855–1940),

1:255n, 283n, 285n, 288, 293, 301; 3:576; 8:4

England

AE on friendliness of colleagues in,

9:295

AE on moderateness of,

9:139

AE’s planned visit to,

9:378, 401, 603c

relief aid to Germany in,

9:387

research in,

8:40n

Engstlen Alp,

10:164

Enke, Alfred (1852–1937),

5:430, 430n

Enke Publishing House.

See Publishers

Enriques, Federigo (1871–1946),

8:572; 10:278;

on confirmation of general theory of relativity,

9:517

Ensemble,

2:49, 73n–74n, 96n

canonical,

2:41–42, 48, 49–50, 74n, 96n, 137; 6:36, 250, 384; 3:204–205, 207–211, 231–232, 244n–245n, 315

fluctuation formula for,

2:48, 138

Lorentz’s use of,

5:172–173

microcanonical,

2:48, 49, 52, 73n–74n, 75n; 6:36, 562; 3:208, 231–232, 245n, 315n;

equations of motion for,

5:18n

probability distribution for,

2:48–49, 60–62, 74n, 137

statistical laws in,

3:204, 207–208

See also Boltzmann, Ludwig

Ensemble average, equality of to time average.

See Ergodic hypothesis

Ensingen,

10:97, 99, 101, 103, 107–108, 111–112, 114, 119, 123n. See also Benzingen

Entente,

7:9n, 129n, 334n

creates International Research Council,

363n

See also Allies

Enthalpy,

2:130n

Entropy,

3:xxvi, 228–229, 250–251, 288–293, 450, 538, 550–552, 554; 10:176

addition theorem of, validity for radiation,

5:42n

AE’s derivation of,

5:10

behavior for infinite pressure, Polanyi on,

5:514

of black-body radiation

(see Black-body radiation: entropy of)

Boltzmann’s interpretation of,

2:xxv–xxvi, 44, 99, 137, 158, 246n, 393, 544–545; 5:87

Boltzmann principle for

(see Boltzmann principle)

calculation of, AE on problems of,

5:310, 321

definition of,

1:114n; 3:550, 557; 2:50, 57, 72, 119

density,

3:450–451, 455n

of diatomic molecules,

4:280

difference, between two physical states,

6:253–255, 260, 261n

and ektropy,

10:178n

expressions for,

2:41–42, 52–53, 72–73, 77, 87–89, 99–100, 107n, 317, 317n, 332, 352, 544–545

of gas,

2:246, 578; 6:257–261

of gas mixture,

4:290

Gibbs’s conception of,

2:44

gravitational potential and,

4:155

of heat reservoir,

2:101

increase of,

2:116, 123–124, 158, 246n, 332; 4:561

and irreversibility,

3:314

of joint systems,

2:93

maximum,

2:551n; 3:291–292

of mixed crystal,

6:37–38, 257

of mixture of molecules,

6:31, 32, 34

of moving systems,

2:473–475

for nonequilibrium states, AE on,

5:310

and probability,

2:xxv–xxvi, 158–160, 394; 3:250, 288–291, 307, 532–533, 550–557; 5:188n; 8:672–673, 682–683, 775n, 865 (see also Boltzmann principle)

of radiation

(see Radiation: entropy of)

of resonators,

2:351–354

of reversible processes,

2:332

of rotation of diatomic molecules,

8:30n, 192

of solutions,

10:548

states and,

3:307, 553

of system, at equilibrium,

2:72;

in heat reservoir,

6:35–38, 250–252

transformation equation for,

2:473–475

of the universe,

2:117, 117n

Arrhenius on,

5:125

Stodola on,

5:125

at zero temperature,

4:558; 6:38, 252, 256–257

See also Heat theorem of Nernst; Thermodynamics, second law of; Thermodynamics, third law of

Entropy constant,

8:39n, 186n, 247, 865; 9:472n

theory of Tetrode and Sackur for,

6:250–261, 261n

Entropy difference around absolute zero,

8:30, 138. See also Heat theorem of Nernst

“Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann,

4:127, 201–269, 294–301, 303–339, 344, 475–476, 478–484, 487–489, 492–500, 505–509, 567–569, 572–576, 580–581, 584–586, 589, 592, 596, 616–620; 5:501, 504, 523, 531; 6:73, 129n, 130n, 243n, 338n; 7:42n; 8:96–97, 105, 111–112, 114–115, 119; 10:21, 37

adapted coordinates in,

8:40, 41n, 67, 68, 69, 70, 82, 84n, 97n, 102, 104, 107, 109, 113, 160, 161, 163, 207, 233

AE convinced of correctness of,

10:23

AE satisfied with,

8:63

AE’s collaboration with Grossmann on,

5:505, 516, 517, 538; 8:13, 147, 201, 207, 218, 233, 245, 436

AE’s later addendum to,

4:580–581

AE’s polemic with Mie on,

5:594, 594n, 595

charge distribution in,

8:139–141

conservation laws in,

5:552, 563, 568, 584

coordinate system in, choice of,

8:82–83

covariance of,

5:552; 6:7–17, 18n, 73, 74–75, 98, 109, 110, 117, 215; 8:16, 17n, 32, 63, 69–70, 80, 161, 163–164

lack of, under rotation,

8:177–178, 179n–180n, 206, 233, 383

reasons for rejection of,

8:207, 218, 233

with respect to linear transformations,

6:7, 110–114, 117, 118, 120, 124, 215–216, 222, 344, 413

criticism of,

8:460n

deflection of light rays in,

4:295, 299, 422, 475, 479, 490, 498, 507, 586

dual six-vectors in,

8:176

efforts spent on,

8:16, 136

electrodynamics in,

8:176

energy of continuous mass distribution in,

4:311, 494

energy of point mass in,

4:308

equation of motion of

continuous mass distribution in,

4:214n, 246n, 247n, 249n, 310–312

point mass in,

4:193, 214n, 249n, 307–309

error in,

8:191, 277–278, 383

field of

rotating hollow sphere in,

8:325n

rotating ring in,

4:127, 194, 359, 464; 8:325n

rotating shell in,

4:295, 359, 432–434

rotating sun in

4:352–353, 396–398

static sun in

4:348–349, 360–374, 392–394

field equations of,

4:196–197, 262, 312–318, 338–339, 482–483, 492, 496, 568, 574, 575, 581

flaws of,

8:63, 163–164, 177, 202n, 206–207, 218, 233, 325n, 383

force on

continuous mass distribution in,

4:311, 494

point mass in,

4:308

foundations of,

8:63

generalization of,

5:601

gravitational light deflection in, value of,

5:559

Hamiltonian in,

8:207, 233

hole argument in,

5:563n, 564n; 8:67–68, 74n, 79–80, 161n, 228, 230, 235, 247n, 383, 463n

inertia of point mass in,

8:361n

lack of general covariance of, AE on,

5:547, 562, 563, 568, 584

Lagrange formalism for,

4:213, 248, 308

mass-energy equivalence in,

5:588, 604

metric field due to electric field, in,

8:142n

momentum of continuous mass distribution in,

4:311, 494

Newtonian approximation in,

8:184

origin of inertia in,

5:548

paper with Grossmann on,

8:67–71, 74n

perihelion motion

of Mars in,

4:459n; 8:325n

of Mercury in,

4:344–359, 360–472; 8:178, 212n, 233, 236n (see also Perihelion motion of Mercury, AE’s and Besso’s manuscript on)

perturbations to,

8:236n

planned colloquium on,

8:29

point mass in,

4:308

Poisson equation in,

8:40

postulates of,

4:488

question of reduction to a scalar of,

4:321–323

reception of,

8:29, 77, 91, 117, 120, 136, 145, 147, 154, 162; 10:23;

AE on,

5:571, 588–589, 594

role of Grossmann in creation of,

8:147

role of Mach’s ideas in, AE on,

5:584

Tolman’s principle, incompatibility with,

8:165

transformations in

dependent,

8:41n

justified,

41n, 84n, 97n, 163, 164n

ugly dark spot on,

4:297

validity of equivalence principle in,

5:601, 604;

Besso’s comments on,

5:605

See also Energy-momentum, law of conservation of; Energy-momentum tensor

Eötvös, Roland von (1848–1919),

2:21n, 274; 7:147; 8:594, 595n, 615, 625, 795; 10:171

AE sends popular book on relativity,

8:624

colon cancer of,

8:618

experiments on equality of inertial and gravitational mass,

4:304, 305, 478, 489, 493, 508, 585, 614, 621n; 6:288; 7:147, 267, 536; 8:600, 624, 718n;

AE’s ignorance of,

5:498n

Geodetic Institute

on candidates for directorship of,

8:617, 625, 795–796

on purpose of,

616–617

praises Schweydar,

8:625, 717

See also Mass, equality of inertial and gravitational

Eötvös’s law,

3:402–406, 406n–407n

AE on,

10:18

AE’s paper on,

5:401n;

Swinne on,

401

atomistic interpretation of,

3:414n

and experiments,

3:407n

Epidemics, in Russia,

9:202;

Zangger on fighting against,

204

Episcopal Seminary for Priests in Fulda,

8:440n

Epistemology,

6:129n, 278–279, 286–287, 372, 508, 569; 7:xxxiv–xxxvii, 250–251, 268, 280n, 369, 371n

and relativity: AE on,

9:267;

Sellien on,

9:155

Epp, Franz Ritter von,

9:63n

Epstein, Paul (1883–1966),

5:567n; 6:388; 7:293n; 8:386; 9:xl, xlix, 7, 192, 196, 333–334, 339, 353, 382, 405, 498, 578c; 10:83n, 282, 289, 337, 516

AE on quantum theorem of Sommerfeld and,

6:556–566

on AE’s qualities,

9:395

called scholar of international significance by AE,

9:405

Einstein, Edith

on dissertation of,

10:xlix, 282–283

helps,

9:47, 49–50

on Eliasberg,

9:394–395

enemy alien in Germany,

8:549n

financial problems of,

9:152, 344

Hebrew University, prepared to teach at,

9:180

on help for AE in Zurich,

8:853

on learning Hebrew,

9:197

and Jewish matters,

9:152, 197, 222, 240

leaves Germany,

8:548, 549n

Mann, Thomas, on political views of,

9:394

on need for popular publications on science,

9:395

no academic position for,

9:457

passport difficulties of,

9:49

quantum theory of,

8:466n;

generalized,

464–465, 468, 478

radiometer effect, on theory of,

9:47, 49–50

recommended by AE as successor to Born,

10:352;

disregarded,

360

relativity, lectures on to psychiatrists,

10:284

University of Hamburg, candidate for position at, AE on,

10:547

University of Leyden, invited to,

10:289

University of Zurich, fails to get professorship at,

10:284, 284n–285n

University of Zurich, position at,

9:381–382, 395–396, 403, 458n, 483

Equation of continuity.

See Continuity equation

Equation of state,

3:180

Battelli’s,

2:114, 114n

for extended molecules,

3:6

for ideal gases,

3:179, 212

for moderately compressed gases, derived by Tanner,

5:334n

relativistic,

2:471–472

for solids,

5:415

of steam,

2:114

Tumlirz’s,

2:114, 114n

Van der Waals’s,

2:244n

Zeuner’s,

2:126, 126n

Equations of motion

electrodynamical

(see Electrodynamics)

Lagrange’s,

2:69, 75n, 457

Newton’s,

2:255, 257–258, 259, 364, 368, 433–434, 542

See also Classical mechanics; “Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann;Gravitation, relativistic theory of, static field; Newtonian mechanics; Relativity, general theory of; Relativity, special theory of

Equilibrium,

3:33, 352, 450, 512, 521, 523

chemical,

6:33, 260

conditions for,

3:85–86

deviations from,

2:213; 3:291–294, 508

dynamic,

2:152–153, 167n, 201, 211, 228, 230, 351, 472, 497, 547, 578; 6:383

dynamic, photochemical,

4:110

electrostatic,

2:522

indifferent,

2:335

material, in universe,

6:543

mechanical,

2:337, 417

and rigid bodies,

3:76

of rotating liquid body,

6:360

statistical,

2:579; 3:465, 522–524; 6:366, 367

thermal,

2:65–67, 74n, 77, 83, 95n, 121, 137, 177, 235n, 319, 335–337, 352, 393; 6:33, 366–368, 383

irreversible approach to,

2:136

kinetic theory of,

2:57–73, 77, 152, 336–337, 497, 579

thermochemical,

4:290

thermodynamic,

3:296, 314, 465, 503, 522, 550–551; 6:31, 395, 577

improper,

4:109, 112, 115–121, 121n, 166–169, 289

proper,

4:288

Equinox, vernal,

4:347–348

Equipartition theorem,

1:305n; 3:xx, 270, 281n, 508, 507n, 562n; 4:524; 6:383, 390, 398n, 577; 9:318n

AE and Mises on,

9:276, 290, 318

for canonical ensemble,

2:42, 137

and heat radiation,

3:268n, 505n

limits of applicability of to radiation,

2:48–49, 143, 144, 167n

for microcanonical ensemble,

2:45–46, 75n

and oscillator motion,

3:280

range of validity of,

2:167, 265

for suspended particles,

2:208, 209, 216, 344n, 400n

Equivalence of mass and energy,

2:5; 269, 314, 360, 363, 425, 428n, 464, 570–572; 3:64, 174, 437–438, 448–491; 4:59–64, 92, 95–98, 130, 158, 175, 184, 305, 322, 489, 545–546, 563, 573, 575, 585, 591, 613, 615, 617, 620; 6:4, 63–64, 68n, 135, 322, 455, 456, 492, 536n, 537n; 7:7, 95, 208, 213, 259–260, 314, 376, 408, 455, 529, 571n–572n.

Bucherer on,

5:147

discovery of,

2:253, 268–270, 312–314, 414–427, 428n; 5:33

in electrodynamics, Bucherer and Planck on,

5:148

in “Entwurf” theory,

5:588, 604

experimental test of,

5:33

extension of to gravitational mass,

2:465;

verification of,

464–465, 487n

first use of expression,

5:621c

Equivalence principle,

2:xxix, 253, 274, 465, 476, 487n; 3:xxix, 5, 126n, 486–492, 497n; 4:122–128, 130–144, 144n, 147–162, 185, 301, 304, 475, 479, 480, 573, 619; 5:466n, 531; 6:8, 129n, 130n, 136n, 243n, 338n, 404–407, 408n, 530, 532, 535n, 537n; 7:xxv, xxxii, 38–39, 42n–43n, 121n, 147, 177n–178n, 266, 280n, 376, 408, 432, 536–538, 557, 573n, 608, 610, 617; 8:349, 627; 9:268n, 601c

in AE’s theory of static gravitational field,

5:486

conclusions from,

7:268–270

consequences of,

5:86n

critique of, AE’s response to,

7:369

Hartmann on,

10:438–439

Laue’s criticism of,

5:384

and weak gravitational fields, AE on,

4:160

See also Acceleration: and gravitation; Mass, equality of inertial and gravitational

Erdmann, Benno (1851–1921), helps Schlick,

9:478

Ergode,

2:49, 73n–74n, 75n. See also Ensemble: microcanonical

Ergodic hypothesis,

2:48, 49, 52, 54, 79, 95n; 3:196, 202, 244n, 287; 9:318

AE on,

9:276

Mises on,

9:290

Ergodic systems,

3:551; 8:672–673, 682–683;

and trajectories,

3:195–201, 244n

Erismann, Theodor (1883–1961),

8:441

Erklärung in Sachen Liebknecht-Luxemburg, AE signs,

9:17n, 551c

“Erlebnis” (individual act of experience),

7:352, 388, 403n, 500–501, 510

Ernst, Heinrich (1847–1934),

5:215n, 274n; 8:441

Ernst, Otto (1862–1926),

5:518n; 10:274

Erzberger, Matthias (1875–1921),

9:29n, 387; 10:211

Escherich, Gustav von (1849–1935),

9:400

Estorff, von, ?,

10:527

ETH (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule),

2:xvi, 501n; 3:5, 284, 407n, 449n; 7:27n, 211n, 222–223; 8:4n, 10n, 14n, 20n, 47n, 92n, 93, 135n, 137n, 148, 149n, 284n, 288n, 305n, 330n, 347n, 350n, 366n, 445n, 452n, 478n, 512n, 581n, 664n, 802n, 819n, 850n, 854n, 916n; 10:22, 25, 29, 154, 257n, 591c

AE’s 1895 attempt to enter,

1:xxxvi, lxiv, lxv, lxv, 10, 10–11, 12–13

AE’s appointment at,

10:xxxiii, 20n

AE’s chair at, possible candidacy for: Keesom’s,

5:546;

Laue’s,

546

AE’s Diplomarbeit at,

1:61, 235–236, 244, 244n

AE’s experiences at,

1:xxxvi, 43, 44, 60–62

AE’s grades at,

1:45–50

at intermediate examination for the Diplom,

1:214

at final examination for the Diplom,

1:247

AE’s lectures at,

3:4, 6, 10, 599

AE’s physics education at,

2:258, 317n

AE’s professorship at,

3:xviii, 3

AE’s studies at,

5:4, 34

AE’s succession at,

5:595

Assistent, AE’s failure to obtain position as

(see Einstein: Career)

change of name of,

5:332n

curriculum, AE’s,

1:362–369

curriculum at

AE on,

5:351

Grossmann on,

5:351

Diplom,

1:44, 45n, 50

doctorate not granted by, until 1911,

1:61

entrance examination at,

1:10–11;

required topics,

3n, 6n, 356–358

establishment of theoretical physics chair at, objections to,

5:33n, 340n, 350n

expansion of,

5:366n, 393n

friends of AE at

(see Ehrat, Jakob; Grossmann, Marcel; Einstein-Marić, Mileva; Stern, Alfred)

history and organization of,

1:43–44

laboratories of,

1:xxxvi, 60–62, 199, 218, 219n

physics instruction and research at,

1:60

Record and Grade Transcript, AE’s at,

1:45–50

reforms at,

9:28

reorganization of,

5:333n

reorganization of electrotechnology teaching at,

5:482n

teachers, list of AE’s at,

1:362–369 (see also Fiedler, Wilhelm; Geiser, Carl Friedrich; Heim, Albert; Herzog, Albin; Hurwitz, Adolf; Minkowski, Hermann; Pernet, Jean; Weber, Heinrich F.)

theoretical physics at,

2:172–174

Weber’s lectures on physics at,

1:60–62;

AE’s notes on,

xxxix, 63–210

See also Einstein, Albert: Career: ETH; Einstein, Albert: Courses taught: ETH

Ether,

1:223–224, 226, 285, 330; 2:256, 503; 3:xix, 131–133, 178, 426–430, 446; 4:183, 536–541; 7:122n, 128n, 245–250, 371n, 462, 465, 467, 593; 8:72, 301, 302n, 349, 358; 9:232

and absolute space,

10:300, 325

as ad hoc hypothesis,

3:443

AE on,

7:306–320

AE’s arguments against hypothesis of,

4:539–541

AE’s early interest in,

1:xxxix, xl, 5–6, 6–9

AE’s experiments to detect motion relative to,

1:224–225, 230, 233, 234n, 316, 328, 329n

as alternative for influence of distant masses,

8:297–298

atomistic properties of, Planck on,

5:49

De Sitter on,

10:477

degrees of freedom of, Lorentz on,

5:177

dragging of,

2:255, 262, 567, 582n; 3:133, 136; 7:127, 246, 279n (see also Dragging coefficient)

Earth’s motion through,

3:137–138, 175n

electrokinetic energy of,

8:15

elimination of concept from electrodynamics,

2:139, 147–148, 257, 264–265, 309n, 564–572

energy exchange with matter: AE on,

5:192;

Lorentz on,

171–172, 174, 176

existence of,

2:260–261, 307n, 434, 564, 568–569; 3:141–142, 144–145, 443

forces on, in Lorentz’s electrodynamics,

5:149n

frame of reference fixed in,

2:xxii, 256, 438, 569

in general relativity,

7:xxxiii, 105, 120, 278, 317–320, 355; 8:300–301

immobile,

2:256–257, 567, 569; 7:246–247, 280n, 310–312, 321n, 372–373, 407, 466, 517

influence on length contraction of,

3:444

Leyden lecture by AE on,

10:246, 540

Lorentz’s theory of

(see Ether theory: Lorentz’s)

luminiferous,

2:255, 276–277, 434–435, 564, 585

and matter,

3:133–136, 557; 7:311, 317, 322n, 355, 372, 407

mechanical model for,

7:247, 279n, 310–311

motion of,

3:135, 137, 429;

relative to matter,

2:255, 308n, 566–568

nonparticulate,

7:314–315

origin of idea of,

7:308–310

and physical space, AE on,

9:232, 482–483

properties of,

2:174

relation to moving matter of,

3:135–136, 138, 427–429

rotating in grave,

5:419

in special relativity,

7:120, 260, 312–315; 8:71, 300

stationary,

3:135, 439n

theory of

(see Ether theory)

in theory of matter of Mie,

8:578n

as universal medium,

8:554, 557

value of concept of,

3:443

Ether forces,

1:7–9

Ether and Relativity, AE’s inaugural lecture at University of Leyden

(see Einstein, Albert: Lectures: University of Leyden)

Ether theory,

3:142, 174n, 439n; 6:4, 22, 67n, 136, 459–460, 525–528

Fresnel’s,

6:45

Hertz’s,

7:311–312, 321n, 372, 407, 462

Lorentz’s,

3:135, 428–430, 439n; 4:183, 537–541; 6:45, 526–527, 529; 7:105, 119, 246–250, 312, 321n–322n, 355, 372–373, 407, 462–463, 466, 468n

Stokes’s,

7:104

Stokes’s and Planck’s,

9:472–473;

AE on,

10:241

Ether waves,

1:7–8; 3:131

Ether wind,

7:248

Ethical Culture Society,

8:187n

Ethnic Germans, plebiscite in the East,

9:349

Eucken, Arnold (1884–1950),

3:6, 473–474, 477n, 532, 545n–546n; 5:335, 336n; 8:20n

specific heat of hydrogen, measurements of,

4:270–273, 278, 279, 553n, 554; 5:391, 395, 467, 509n, 579; 6:261n

Euclid,

9:388, 413

Euclidean continuum,

6:484, 485, 548

and non-Euclidean continuum,

6:480–482

and space-time continuum

of general relativity,

6:487–489, 548

of special relativity,

485–487

See also Space; Universe

Euclidean geometry.

See Geometry: Euclidean

Euler equations (mechanics),

3:6, 102–103, 106, 114

Eulerian angles,

3:105–106; 4:355

Euler’s equations (hydrodynamics),

6:73, 102, 105, 326–327, 576; 7:97, 326, 342, 456, 512–513, 532, 534

Euler’s generalized hydrodynamic equations,

4:98–101, 517–519

Euler’s theorem,

3:119

Evaporation,

2:208

molar heat of,

3:407n

point,

3:402–403

Events,

3:148, 211, 431; 6:288–289, 291–292, 462, 507, 521–522, 527, 528; 7:509, 596

coincidence of,

6:289, 292, 428; 7:450, 502, 510

distant,

2:253, 278

elementary,

3:151–152

point,

2:437, 440

as positions in spacetime,

7:519

simultaneity of

(see Simultaneity)

time of,

3:432

transformation equations for coordinates of,

2:283–287

Evershed, John (1864–1956),

6:514; 8:13; 9:xxxviii, 244, 287, 325n, 330, 355, 401; 10:248–249

on daytime observation of

gravitational light deflection,

9:244

solar redshift,

10:381

Evershed effect,

5:329n

Evolution, theory of,

6:509, 569; 8:886

Ewald, Peter (1888–1985),

9:75; 10:456

Exchange, of German and foreign scholarly literature,

9:514–515, 605c

Exchange rate, currency

German mark to Dutch guilder

8 September 1919,

9:151n

9 December 1919,

9:290n

German mark to Swiss franc,

10:xxxv, 65, 101, 122, 139, 330n, 528

July 1914,

8:48n

March 1916,

8:599n

September 1917,

8:515n, 589n

December 1917,

8:589n, 599n

9 November 1918,

8:939n

26 November 1918,

9:91n

30 November 1918,

8:960n

10 December 1918,

8:965n

14 December 1918,

8:971n

13 June 1919,

9:91n

20 August 1919,

9:139n

5 September 1919,

9:148n

15 October 1919,

9:195

mid-November 1919,

9:235n

15 December 1919,

9:303n, 307n

22 December 1919,

9:307n

January 1920,

9:345

26 March 1920,

9:487n

Excitation threshold,

3:xxi, 546n

Exner, Felix (1876–1930),

2:209, 210, 236n, 400n

Exner, Franz (1849–1926),

8:425n, 560n; 9:251, 398–399; 10:583c

retires,

9:366n, 428

succession of, Kottler on,

10:593c

Exner, Karl (1842–1914),

8:424

Exner, Wilhelm (1840–1931),

7:336; 10:483n

Exothermic process,

2:116, 197

Experience,

7:219, 386–392. See also “Erlebnis”

Experience versus theory,

8:864–865, 870–871

Experiments,

3:xxi, 414n, 475n, 509n

on black-body radiation,

2:136, 144, 167n, 172, 391n, 551n

on Brownian motion,

2:220–211, 219–222, 236n, 334, 345n, 399, 400n, 556–558, 559n

on conductivity,

3:504n

crucial,

3:133

on Doppler effect,

2:402–403, 403n

Ehrenhaft’s

(see Ehrenhaft, Felix: and subelectronic charge)

on electrodynamics,

2:xvi, 150–151, 222, 253, 255, 256–257, 258–259, 434–435, 438, 503

on energy-mass equivalence,

3:176n

Eötvös’s law and,

3:407n

by Ives and Stilwell,

3:175n

on light,

3:547n

on mass-energy equivalence,

2:464

on molecular dimensions,

2:170–171, 172

on motion,

3:429

on optics,

2:xvi, 150–15 1 167n

on photoelectric effect,

2:141–142, 163–166

on physical chemistry,

2:xviii–xix, 8, 39, 40n, 326

on radiation fluctuations,

3:547n

on residual rays,

3:xxiii, 510n, 544n

on specific heat,

2:xx; 3:xxii, 525–527

and theory,

3:242n, 512, 515, 528–529, 532, 544n (see also Theory: and experience)

on variation of electron mass,

2:267, 270–272, 458–461, 486n

on X-rays,

3:547n

Expert opinions, AE’s.

See Einstein, Albert: Expert opinions

Extended body.

See Rigid body

Extremum principle.

See Variational principle

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

F

Fabian Society,

7:124n;

Kessler on,

9:553c

Fabre, Lucien (1889–1952),

7:418–419n; 9:530, 536; 10:263, 583c

manuscript by,

10:587c;

requests that AE check,

263–264

relativity, plans popular article on,

9:531

requests AE’s opinion on his papers,

9:531;

AE agrees to read,

536

Fabrique Nationale,

5:111n

Fabry, Charles (1867–1945),

5:316, 317n

Fachgemeinschaft der deutschen Hochschullehrer der Physik,

7:111

Fackenthal, Frank,

10:571c

Fajans, Kasimir (1887–1975),

9:386, 503

Falsifiability.

See Theory: falsification of

Family tree,

1:xlviii, 1; 5:645

Fanta salon,

8:336, 337n

Faraday, Michael (1791–1867),

2:40n, 262–263, 309n, 502n; 3:178, 370; 4:507, 510n; 6:457, 467, 525; 7:319, 372, 407, 431; 8:754n

law of electrochemical equivalence,

4:111; 5:280, 424

law of electrolysis,

1:226n

law of induction,

2:262–263, 502n; 3:370; 4:11; 6:265; 7:264

studies on liquefaction of gases,

1:141

See also Force: lines of

Faraday’s constant,

2:40n

Farrow, Ernest (1891–1956),

10:xlix, 542;

inquires about AE’s willingness to come to Cambridge University,

10:612c

Fechheimer, Hedwig,

10:123n;

friendship with Elsa Einstein,

10:119

Fechner, Theodor, on time as fourth dimension,

9:556c

Fehling, Margarete, née Planck (1889–1917),

8:459n; 9:59n, 269n

Feiwel, Berthold (1875–1937),

9:181n, 327n

Fekete, Eugen (Jenö) (1880–1943),

4:508

Feldkeller, Paul (1889–1972),

10:260

Fermat’s principle,

9:220;

in optics,

208

Fernau, Hermann (1883–?),

10:329

Ferromagnetism,

3:7, 224–226; 6:147, 151, 159, 170n, 180, 189n, 191; 10:368, 404. See also Weiss, Pierre

Fetz, Werner,

5:244

Feytis, Eugénie (1881–1967),

5:521n

Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1762–1814),

7:80n; 8:397, 865

Fichter-Bernoulli, Fritz (1869–1952),

5:390n, 469n; 9:303n

Fiedler, Wilhelm (1832–1912),

1:212, 228, 234. 330, 363, 365, 381; 5:85

AE’s courses with,

5:85n, 182n

congratulates AE on appointment in Zurich,

5:182

Field equations, gravitational.

See Gravitational field equations

Field strength,

3:xxix, 324, 326

derived from potential,

3:321

in dielectrics,

3:342

electric,

3:298, 325–326, 344, 389

as equal to line density,

3:324

magnetic,

3:298, 348

Field theory,

3:xi

electromagnetic

(see Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory)

nonlinear,

2:xxix

unified

(see Unified field theory)

See also Electromagnetic theory

Field

concept of,

6:524–528

electric

(see Electric field)

electromagnetic

(see Electromagnetic field)

electromotive,

3:389

electrostatic

(see Electrostatic field)

finite directed,

3:178n

force lines of,

3:443, 486, 398n

gravitational

(see Gravitational field)

homogeneous,

3:67, 487–488, 492

magnetic

(see Magnetic field)

radiation

(see Radiation field)

static and stationary,

3:178

Figaro,

5:595

Filaments in diffraction picture,

8:424

Filzbach,

10:168–169, 186

Fine structure constant,

2:553n

Fine structure of spectral lines,

8:260

Finland.

See World War I

Finsterwalder, Sebastian (1862–?),

8:796n

Fisch, Adolf (1877–?),

1:236n

Fischer, Eduard (1861–1939),

2:408, 408n

Fischer, Emil (1852–1919),

5:260n, 262n, 263n; 8:79n, 155; 9:487, 488n, 583c, 603c

commission on succession of, members of,

9:488n

death of,

9:108

Manifesto of the 93, on circumstances of signing of,

8:155

opposes actions against foreign Academy members and institutions,

8:156n, 170, 171n

praise for AE’s work on specific heats,

5:259

signs Appeal of 30 June (Harnack-Fischer),

10:96

Fischer, Herbert, solicits AE’s help for continuing his studies,

10:608c–609c

FitzGerald, George Francis (1851–1901),

2:434, 435, 568; 6:460; 8:71. See also Contraction hypothesis, Lorentz-FitzGerald

Five-dimensional theory

cosmological problem in,

9:39, 76

elementary electric charge in,

9:39

equation of motion in,

9:57n;

of electron,

66

field equations in,

9:66

general covariance of,

9:56

geodesics in,

9:39, 46, 56

of Kaluza

(see Kaluza, Theodor: five-dimensional unified theory of)

Lagrangian in,

9:66

mass density in,

9:57n

neutral matter in,

9:68n

of Nordström,

9:39n

See also Unified field theory

Fizeau, Armand (1819–1896),

2:255, 262, 438, 448, 566–567, 582n; 3:427–428; 6:451; 7:98n, 462, 517; 9:209

Fizeau experiment,

1:230n; 2:255, 262, 438, 448–449, 566–567, 582n; 3:133–134, 136–138, 164, 175n, 429, 439n; 4:27–28, 34–36, 50, 104n, 183, 536–537, 545; 6:26, 27, 44–45, 55, 135, 449–452, 457, 459, 536n; 7:88–89, 98n–99n, 246, 257–258, 279n, 310, 312, 321n, 372, 407, 462–463, 465–466, 517; 8:161, 349, 608n, 840, 881, 908

discussed by Cassirer,

10:315n

influence of on AE,

2:262

and interference,

3:427–428

role in development of relativity, AE on,

5:229

See also Dragging coefficient; Ether: dragging of

Flake, Otto (1880–1963),

8:869

Flamm, Ludwig (1885–1964),

9:75, 252; 10:322, 323n

against Ehrenhaft as Exner’s successor,

10:580c

calculation of quantum theoretical constants,

8:480

Schwarzschild solution, paper on,

8:373–374

University of Hamburg, candidate for chair of theoretical physics at,

10:613c;

AE on,

547

Fleck, Albert,

9:454–455

Fleischer, Richard (1849–1937),

10:351, 595c

offers funds for

Grebe’s and Bachem’s work,

9:331–332, 596c

practical application of theory of relativity,

9:319

plans to found chair for Laue,

8:621

requests article from AE for Deutsche Revue,

10:588c

Fleischmann, Helen (?–1919),

10:202

Fleischmann, Michael ( 1857–1926),

1:246

Flemish separatist movement,

8:701n

Flesch, Carl (1873–1944),

5:264n;

AE’s praise of,

5:264

Flesch, Max, on demonstrating slowing down of time,

10:602c;

AE on,

602c

Fliess, Bernhard,

9:493; 10:260

Flight, elementary theory of,

6:400–401; 10:44, 48

Flow in phase space, field of,

6:576–577

Fluctuation-dissipation mechanisms,

2:xix

Fluctuations,

3:505n, 536–537, 546n

AE’s Leiden lecture on,

3:450–454, 454n–455n

AE’s study of,

2:214–215

AE’s theory of

acceptance of,

5:419

AE on,

5:282

Haber on,

5:539

Planck’s skepticism of,

5:420n

in radiation theory, Ehrenfest on,

5:465

of temperature, AE on,

5:282

of charge, in a capacitor,

2:396n

of density,

3:283–285

of density, in gases,

2:215–216

and electromagnetic momentum,

3:271

of emission and absorption,

3:558

experimental study of,

2:206, 221–222

in γ-ionization, experiment on,

8:875n, 909–911, 915, 933, 935;

planned,

874, 875

interference and,

3:178n

Maxwell’s theory and,

2:146, 552n

mean square,

2:xix, 138, 546, 579–580

methods for calculation of,

2:xix, 138–139, 214–215, 393–395

of momentum,

3:xx, 178n, 271, 276–280, 282n;

in black-body radiation,

2:215, 546–547, 552n, 583n

of motion of reflecting plate,

8:683–684

observability of,

2:213

of pressure in black-body radiation,

2:xx, 134, 138–139, 146, 546–547, 552n, 579–580

and probability,

3:556

of radiation field,

2:xviii, 589

Smoluchowski’s work on

(see Smoluchowski, Marian von)

of state variables

(see State variables: fluctuations of)

of states,

3:556

statistically independent,

3:285

theory of,

3:546n; 6:365, 376, 388–395, 577

thermodynamic approach to,

2:xix, 214

thermodynamics and,

3:310n

of velocity of electron,

3:505n

of voltage, in a capacitor,

2:214, 221, 245n, 395–396, 491

See also Energy fluctuations; Radiation: fluctuations of; Radioactive decay: fluctuations in

Fluids

acceleration of,

6:400

critical opalescence of,

6:577, 579n

density of,

3:295

density of incompressible,

6:326

energy-momentum tensor of,

6:104–105, 326; 7:96, 100n, 456, 534

friction in,

6:553–554

frictionless

adiabatic,

6:326–327

incompressible,

400

homogeneous,

3:287–310, 310n–311n

ideal,

3:6; 4:100; 6:104–105

mixtures of,

3:287, 307–310

viscous,

3:6;

laminar flow in,

3:238, 247n

See also Liquids

Fluid mechanics.

See Euler’s equations (hydrodynamics); Hydrodynamics

Fluorescence,

2:141, 162–163, 165, 168n, 548, 586

of uranyl salts,

9:228

See also Light: fluorescent

Flying machine, Paul Habicht’s design for,

5:100–103, 109–111

Fodor, Andor (1884–1968),

7:448n

Foerster, Wilhelm (1832–1921),

6:71n; 8:275

asks AE to sign Aufruf für die Unabhängigkeit des Geistes,

9:575c

co-signer with AE of Manifesto to the Europeans,

8:342n

requests popular exposition of general relativity,

8:275

Foëx, Gabriel,

5:243

Fokker, Adriaan (1887–1972),

4:273, 299; 5:360n, 564, 565; 7:101; 8:244, 350n, 368, 535, 536; 9:xxxvii, xlix, 112, 145, 247, 264, 502; 10:55n, 298, 471

accompanies AE on trip to Holland,

5:605, 607

candidate as Assistent with AE in Berlin,

5:568, 603n

collaboration with AE in Zurich,

5:568, 578

congratulates AE,

9:236; 10:287

on energy components of gravitational field,

9:41

on geodetic precession,

10:476

on gravitational redshift,

10:xlix

on invariance of electron orbits in Weyl’s theory,

9:112;

AE on,

118

joint paper with AE,

5:564n

on League of Nations,

9:236

on need of experimental proof for time dilation,

10:287

paper with AE,

4:589–596

rotating electrical dipole, work on,

5:578

in sanatorium in Arosa,

9:110, 117, 166, 166n, 238, 262, 295

stay with AE in Zurich,

5:564n, 577

on Weyl’s theory,

9:111–112; 10:349n

Fokker-Kessler, Margaretha,

10:477n, 9:112n, 296n

Fontane, Theodor (1819–1898),

9:351;

Effi Briest,

352n

Food packages,

8:717, 929

from Switzerland,

8:400, 406, 407, 409n, 410, 455, 561, 562, 563n

from Winteler-Einstein,

10:169, 187–188

from Zangger,

10:70, 73–74, 93

Food rationing

in Germany,

8:411n

in Switzerland,

8:411n, 735n

Food shortage, in Berlin,

8:963n

Föppl, August (1854–1924),

2:306n; 3:5; 7:85n;

AE’s reading of,

2:260

Force,

3:15–19, 24, 41, 72–73, 77, 92, 121, 339–340, 468

active,

3:124–125

attractive,

2:322, 322n

capillary,

2:3–4, 225; 3:508; 6:274

central,

3:22, 33, 37–38

central, motion of point mass as result of,

6:562, 563–566

centrifugal,

4:549, 617; 6:74–75, 280, 513; 6:75, 477–480, 513; 7:178n, 376, 408, 563, 565; 8:82, 324, 349;

and gravitational,

7:208–209, 214, 538 (see also Acceleration: and gravitation)

cohesive

(see Capillarity; Molecular force)

conservative, external,

2:212–213

coriolis

(see Coriolis force)

definition of relativistic,

2:304, 436, 455–456, 486n

density of,

3:257n

derived from a potential,

3:30–32, 87, 121

dissipative,

2:211

elastic, in solids,

3:81, 409, 461, 539

electric

(see Electric force)

electrodynamic

(see Electrodynamic force)

electromotive

(see Electromotive force)

electrostatic

(see Electrostatic force)

elimination of,

2:95n–96n

external,

2:124n, 212–213, 336–337, 344n–345n, 416; 3:127n, 392

fictitious,

2:177, 201, 213, 411

frictional,

3:247n, 505n; 6:138, 139, 140

gravitational

(see Gravitational field)

impressed,

3:351–352, 398n

impulsive,

2:322

interatomic,

3:468, 512n, 526 (see also Potential)

intermolecular

(see Molecular force)

inverse fifth power repulsive,

3:127n

inverse square law of,

3:126n, 317, 332, 346 (see also Coulomb’s law)

law,

3:37, 246n

lines of,

3:256, 321–322, 324, 355, 357, 361–362, 370; 6:495

of fields,

3:443, 486

at the interface of two media,

3:344

magnetic,

3:348, 377

perpendicular to conductor surface,

3:328

Lorentz

(see Lorentz force)

magnetic

(see Magnetic force)

magnetomotive

(see Magnetomotive force)

mechanical,

3:325

molecular

(see Molecular force)

Newtonian,

2:455; 8:557

osmotic,

2:497–498

ponderomotive

(see Ponderomotive force)

stationary,

2:419

superposition of,

3:318

surface,

6:102, 104, 124, 351

system of,

3:72–75

thermoelectric,

2:355; 3:233–234, 246n

tidal,

7:142

total,

2:507

velocity-dependent,

2:255, 522–526

velocity-independent,

2:520–522

vital,

2:208

Ford, Henry (1863–1947),

7:430n

Foreign scholars, harsh judgment of against German colleagues, AE on,

9:163

Forel, Auguste (1848–1931),

1:317, 318–319, 334

Formal vs. physical thinking in physics, AE on,

10:17

Forrer, Ludwig (1845–1921),

5:288n, 304, 314, 325n, 340, 347n, 350n, 398, 402n; 8:455n, 582, 729, 852n; 10:16n, 19n

AE and Zangger visit,

5:332

AE’s ETH appointment, role in,

5:341n

elected president of Swiss Federal Council,

5:399n

Forsch, Robert (1871–1948),

9:188

Forster, Aimé (1843–1926),

5:48n, 95, 96n

Förster, Friedrich (1869–1966),

10:li, 329

Förster, Rudolf (1885–1941) (ps. Rudolf Bach),

8:551, 578n, 581, 643, 655, 707n, 716n, 805n

discussions with AE on

boundary conditions at infinity,

8:553, 557

infinity and finiteness,

8:645, 656, 679

nonsymmetric metric tensor,

8:582–584, 610–611, 644–646, 656

unified field theory,

8:553, 554, 557, 582–584, 610–611, 643–646, 656–657, 679–680

on ether as universal medium,

8:554, 557

on light beam coordinates,

8:586–587

on own job,

8:681

Förster, Wilhelm (1832–1921),

10:125

Försterling, Karl,

9:569c

requests KWIP funds for research instruments, granted,

9:563c

requests KWIP funds for research on refractive index and absorption coefficient of metals in IR region,

9:557c;

granted,

560c

Foscolo, Ugo (1778–1827),

1:liv

Foster, Edwin,

8:470

Foucault current,

6:160, 170n, 180–181, 189n

Foucault gyroscope,

3:114; 6:137, 138, 139, 141, 207

Foucault pendulum,

3:61–62; 5:532; 6:139; 8:300, 403, 487, 501, 649, 692, 700, 749; 10:300

Four-dimensional formalism.

See Relativity, special theory of: four-dimensional formulation

Fourier decomposition, of radiation field,

3:267, 268n;

statistical independence of coefficients of,

6:199–205

Fourier series,

1:212; 3:259–260, 267, 273, 276–277, 515n, 516–517; 4:282, 599, 602n, 603

of torque,

6:156, 157, 176, 177

Fourier’s heat conduction equation,

1:63n

Four-potential, electromagnetic,

8:689n

Fourth dimension

psychological world as,

9:554c

time as,

9:556c

Four-vector,

4:70, 72, 326; 6:77–78, 91

contravariant,

6:77–78, 295–297, 312

covariant,

6:77, 91–92, 296–297, 307, 308, 312

differentiation of,

6:91–92, 94–95

divergence of,

6:58, 94–95, 312

“Erweiterung,” of,

6:94–95, 308, 309

inner product of,

6:58, 78

rotation of,

6:312

V(olume)-,

6:99, 106, 267

vector product of,

6:56–57, 309, 310

See also Vector

Fowler, Alfred (1868–1940),

7:215n;

on daytime observation of gravitational light deflection,

9:244

Frame of reference,

4:39; 7:197–198n, 449–450, 592

absolute,

8:692–693, 700

accelerated,

2:274, 436, 476, 487n, 495; 3:175n, 480, 487–488

adapted,

6:12–13, 15, 113–114, 121

Copernican,

8:437, 447, 487

definition of,

2:438

dragging of

(see Lense-Thirring effect)

equivalent,

2:255, 440

ether

(see Ether: frame of reference fixed in)

form of law of nature relative to,

2:438

Galilean,

6:286, 287, 289, 404, 406, 407, 431–432, 433–434, 455, 459, 465, 469, 474, 477, 479, 485486, 490, 491–492, 512, 537n; 7:115–116, 537, 556, 613; 8:240, 258, 498

geodesic,

8:436

inertial,

2:xxix, 253, 255, 477; 4:547; 6:524, 527, 528, 529–530; 7:6, 207, 213, 250, 253, 515–518, 524, 526, 536–537

kinematical shape of a body relative to,

2:439, 485n

local,

6:292, 293, 303, 334; 7:269, 276–277

metric tensor and choice of,

6:9–11, 110, 123, 124, 352, 541

moving,

2:255, 451, 462

noninertial,

7:121n, 208, 214

nonrigid (“Molluske”),

6:491

normal (“Normalsystem”),

6:101, 107, 108

physical reality of,

8:228

preferred,

4:31, 40, 66, 183, 299–300, 483, 498, 539, 547, 572, 575, 594, 610, 617–618, 620; 7:267, 313; 8:352

in classical mechanics,

6:74, 136n, 286, 288, 433–434, 459–460, 472–473, 517, 524, 527; 7:4, 6, 250

in Lorentz’s electrodynamics,

7:373, 407

privileged,

8:358, 403, 486–490, 578, 648–650, 660–661, 750–752, 828

Ptolemaic,

8:487, 488

See also Coordinate system

France,

8:53n, 150, 338, 801

against Austria joining Germany,

9:143

basic research in,

8:40n

childish behavior of, AE on,

9:513

coal shortage in,

9:281

politics in,

8:173–174

role of, AE on,

9:387

France, Anatole (1844–1924),

9:416; 10:160, 169

Franck, James (1882–1964),

8:28, 32; 9:366, 368, 377, 397–398, 434n; 10:335, 404, 418n, 572c

electron impact method of,

9:368

granted KWIP funds for voltage curves recording instrument,

10:604c

requests KWIP funds for electron impact measurements,

9:612c;

granted

613c

Francke, pastor (1864–1938),

9:71

Franck-Hertz experiment,

8:28, 32, 862

Francois, ?, on campaign against AE,

10:426

Franco-Prussian War,

8:505

Franel, Jerôme,

5:533n

Frank, K.,

9:613c

Frank, Michael,

5:445n

paper by,

4:194

AE on,

5:450

Ehrenfest on submission of,

5:439

Frank, Philipp (1884–1966),

2:507, 540; 5:469n, 500; 7:223; 8:381n, 394, 480, 486, 488, 914; 9:212; 10:473

asks AE for recommendation for successor to Lampa,

9:77

causality, paper on, AE on,

5:474n

evaluation of manuscript of Adler,

8:494n

Mach, paper on,

8:394; 10:68

University of Prague, candidacy for chair at,

5:470

appointment,

5:500n

official evaluation of,

5:472–473

official recommendation for,

5:468

Frankamp, Catherine (1888–?),

5:524n, 540n, 580n

Frankfurt

AE visits,

5:344; 10:94

University of

(see University of Frankfurt)

Frankfurter, Felix (1882–1965),

7:234

Frankfurter Gesellschaft für Handel, Industrie und Wissenschaft,

9:611c

Frankfurter Zeitung,

7:112

Franz, ?,

9:434n

Franz Josef, Emperor (1830–1918),

10:73, 82n;

appoints AE to University of Prague,

5:626c

Franzkowiak, Edmund,

8:159, 162

Frauenfeld, Canton of Thurgau,

1:315, 376. See also Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft: meeting in Frauenfeld

Fraunhofer lines,

10:248. See also Sun: spectral lines of

Frederick the Great,

8:87n, 135n;

book on by Macaulay,

134

Free energy,

2:225, 235;

and osmotic pressure,

2:226, 235

Free fall,

3:18–19

Free German Youth Movement.

See Freideutsche Jugendbewegung

Free path.

See Path, free, of molecules

Free University of Brussels.

See University of Brussels, free

Free vectors,

8:783n, 827n

Fréedericksz, Vsevolod (1885–1955),

8:426, 688n

Freedom, degrees of,

6:253, 257

of periodic mechanical system,

6:556, 558, 567n

rotational,

6:259

sleeping,

6:259, 262n

at zero temperature,

6:254–255

Freedom for individuals, AE on,

9:578c

Frei, Paul,

9:609c

Freiburg, University of

(see University of Freiburg)

Freideutsche Jugendbewegung,

9:34n

Freie Akademische Vereinigung an der Technischen Hochschule Dresden, invites AE to lecture,

10:599c, 601c

Freie Hochschulgemeinde für proletarische Kultur,

9:299n

Freie Vereinigung deutscher Gewerkschaften,

9:203n

Freie Vereinigung für technische Volksbildung,

7:337n

invites AE to join,

10:583c;

declined,

586c

invites AE to lecture, declined,

10:609c

Freies Gymnasium, Bern,

8:339n

French Physical Society,

9:172n

French publishers, against German book trade,

9:424

Frenkel, Elsa, AE expert for doctorate of,

5:633c

Frequency,

3:547n

of electrostatic fields,

3:178n

and energy,

3:250, 497n, 546n

of light,

3:253n

proper

(see Proper frequency)

of residual rays,

3:xxiv

See also Light: frequency of

Fresnel, Augustin (1788–1827),

8:162n

dragging coefficient of

(see Dragging coefficient)

mirror experiment of,

5:129, 130

theory of stationary ether of,

6:45

Fresnel’s hypothesis.

See Dragging coefficient; Ether theory: Fresnel’s

Freundes-Rat des Internationalen Jugendbundes, AE member of,

9:552c

Freundlich, Erwin (1885–1964),

4:510n; 5:317n, 326n, 385n, 438n, 555n, 560n; 6:234, 237, 242, 335, 339n, 373n; 7:43n; 8:12n, 14n, 88, 89n, 94, 100, 177, 179, 211, 221, 267n, 380, 386n, 463n, 512, 608, 682, 718n, 733, 738, 830, 894, 895n, 999c, 1028c; 9:xxxii, xxxix, xli, 13, 86, 108n, 158n, 158, 191, 246, 263–264, 274, 359, 374, 386, 531, 552c, 554c, 561c, 564c, 579c, 587c, 591c, 595c, 596c, 614c, 616c; 10:21n, 61n, 225, 232, 310n, 448, 577c

abilities and character of, AE on,

8:216n, 241, 255–256, 277, 604–605

AE helps in finding position,

8:88, 177, 203, 204n, 215, 216n, 267n, 277, 393

as AE’s problem child,

9:107

Als-Ob conference, plans attending,

10:275

appointed trustee of Albert-Einstein-Spende,

10:578c

asks AE for assistance with position,

9:156–157

book on general relativity of,

6:373n, 379, 417; 8:403; 9:140, 177

AE asks for higher royalties for,

9:346, 390–391

AE on,

6:373n; 9:156

AE’s preface to,

6:372

English edition,

9:320, 328, 336

Lange on,

10:590c

Zangger on,

10:513

on density of star clusters,

10:525–527

dispute with De Sitter on emission theory of light,

5:555

and eclipse expedition of 1914,

9:305

Einstein, Pauline, offers condolences on death of,

9:441

on elliptic geometry,

7:405n; 8:393, 425, 479n, 734n

emission theory of light, paper on test of,

5:555

fears militarization of Geodetic Institute,

9:191, 195n

on funding experimental research in general relativity,

9:583c, 603c

general relativity, paper on verification of,

6:514

German solar eclipse expedition of 1914

member of,

8:57n, 215, 469

report on,

8:19n, 57n, 609n

gravitational light deflection

eclipse expedition to investigate,

5:593, 581n, 594n, 596n

interest in,

8:13, 208, 241, 242n, 256

investigation of,

5:317, 387, 406, 503, 550, 554, 566

gravitational redshift

interest in,

8:13, 94n, 147, 214, 241, 255, 262

paper on,

10:225

on terrestrial light source for measurement of,

10:371–372

solar,

335–336

stellar,

9:25–26

and Grebe and Bachem’s work,

9:325; 10:xlix

interned in Russia,

8:56, 57n; 10:25n

KWIP, contract with,

8:563–564, 579–580, 589, 593, 609, 613, 876, 1015c, 106c, 107c, 1018c

marriage of,

5:555n

position for,

8:89, 178, 241, 277, 290, 293, 393, 471n, 563, 601, 603–604, 1015c

on position at Astrophysical Observatory, Potsdam,

9:177, 278

report of to Haenisch,

10:280

report on his work,

9:335–336, 569c

requests budgeted funds and reimbursement,

9:447

requests KWIP funds for microphotometer,

9:551c;

granted,

552c

research, plan for,

8:469–471, 560

salary of,

9:278, 559c, 587c

Seeliger, controversy with,

8:101n, 217, 256

star clusters, work on,

7:424n–425n

Struve, Hermann, relation with,

8:258

on tower telescope,

10:569c, 571c

visits Haenisch,

9:604c

visits Oppenheim,

9:157, 174

Freundlich-Hirschberg, Käthe,

9:158n, 159n

Frey, Adolf (1855–1920),

1:25n, 359, 360

Freytag, G.,

9:446

Freytag-Loringhoven, Hugo Freiherr von (1855–1924),

8:620n

Fricke, Hermann,

9:53c;

requests KWIP fund for publication of his theory of gravitation,

8:1018c, 1019c

Fricke, Robert (1861–1928),

10:xl

GDNÄ Bad Nauheim meeting, session on relativity at

invites Laue, Hilbert, Sommerfeld, Weyl, and Born to,

10:276

organizes,

10:276–277, 305

solicits lecture from AE at,

10:302

Friction,

2:216; 3:52–53

coefficient of for sliding,

2:187, 194–198, 204n, 205n (see also Mixture of fluid with suspended spheres)

force of acting on electrons,

3:505n

hydrodynamic,

2:171, 178 (see also Stokes’s law of hydrodynamic friction)

See also Viscosity

Friction law,

8:920–929

Fried, Alfred (1864–1921),

9:103n, 203n; 10:274

Friedemann, Ulrich,

9:434n

Friedlaender, Benedict, and Friedlaender, Immanuel,

9:xlii;

Machian experiment by,

9:250

Friedländer, Jacob,

3:312n

Friedmann, Alexander (1888–1925),

6:516, 517

Friedmann, Heinrich,

1:346, 347, 348

Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Berlin.

See University of Berlin

Friese, Robert (1868–1925),

8:941

Frischeisen-Köhler, Max (1878–1923),

8:867–868, 888

Fritsch, Theodor (1852–1934),

7:112

Frobenius, Ferdinand (1849–1917),

10:134

Frösch, Hans (1877–1938),

1:334, 335n, 335

Füchtbauer, Christian (1877–1959),

9:72n, 149n, 217

paper by, AE on,

5:131

requests KWIP funds for intensity measurements of spectral lines,

10:604c;

granted,

609c

secondary rays, paper on,

5:132n

teaches course in Würzburg,

5:120, 121n

Fueter, Rudolf (1880–1950),

9:383n

Fulda, Ludwig,

9:122n

Function theory,

1:212n; 6:563;

AE’s notes on Minkowski’s course on,

1:61

“Für den Aufbau des jüdischen Palästina.”

See Appeal

Furrer, Ernst (1876–1926),

8:444

Fürst, Arthur,

8:381

Fürth, Reinhold (1893–1979),

2:170, 206; 10:295;

requests KWIP funds for static determination of elementary electric charge,

10:603c, 611c, 612c

Furtwängler, Philipp (1869–1940),

9:400

Fusion, heat of.

See Heat: of fusion

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

G

Gabba, Luigi,

1:282n

Gale, Henry (1874–1942),

7:444n

Galić, Sofija,

5:115n, 344n, 345n

Galilean mechanics,

4:484, 538, 547, 585, 609; 6:21, 22, 74, 285, 406, 432

basic law of,

6:404, 431–432, 465, 466, 469, 472, 474, 490, 524, 528; 7:369; 8:418

See also Classical mechanics; Mechanics: Galilei-Newtonian; Newtonian mechanics

Galilean principle,

3:425, 487

Galilean space-time,

7:26n, 278

Galilean transformation,

2:253, 256, 434; 4:30, 33, 39, 543; 6:446–447, 449, 450, 451, 453, 459, 462; 7:7n, 254, 373, 407, 461, 516

and Lorentz transformation,

3:155–160

and relativity principle,

3:143, 425–426

Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642),

2:xxviii, 253, 504; 3:561; 7:219, 358n, 433n; 9:214, 314, 606c; 10:xxxviii, 401n

Dialogue,

7:xxxi

Galileo’s law of inertia.

See Galilean mechanics: basic law of

Galli, Giacomo,

1:lv

Galvanic cell.

See Voltaic cell

Galvanometer,

1:32–35, 66–67, 188, 203–210, 209; 3:9, 359; 6:182;

tangent,

3:359, 398n

Galvanometric method for comparing lengths,

8:843, 900, 901, 907, 914

Gamma rays,

2:586; 3:540; 4:554; 6:386

ionization due to, AE on,

5:284

Gans, ?,

3:577

Gans, Richard M. (1880–1954),

3:518n; 5:308, 309n, 447n; 8:165n; 9:74

University of Zurich, candidacy for chair at, AE on,

5:445

Ganter, Heinrich (1848–1915),

1:12, 29n, 39n, 359, 360

Gap in foundations of thermodynamics,

2:41, 48–49, 57, 543, 551n

Garrone, Lorenzo,

1:liii, liv, 276. See also Einstein, Garrone e C.

Gas,

3:6, 558

adiabatic change of state of,

1:96, 100–101

AE extends theory of molecular forces to,

1:xl, 290, 292, 295, 320, 376

all energy kinetic in,

1:261

Avogadro’s law for,

1:100

coefficient of elasticity of,

1:101–104

critical opalescence of,

6:577, 579n

critical point of,

3:283

cyclic thermal processes in,

1:106–120

diatomic, specific heat of

(see Specific heat: of diatomic molecules)

diffusion in,

2:123–124; 4:528

dynamic theory of,

1:212

entropy of,

2:246, 578; 6:257–261

friction of flow of,

6:553–554

heat conduction in,

4:527–528

ideal

(see Ideal gas)

ionization of,

2:141, 165–166, 168n, 548

isothermal change of state of,

1:101–103

kinetic theory of

(see Boltzmann, Ludwig: and kinetic theory of gases; Kinetic theory of gases)

liquefaction of,

1:138–147

mean free path in,

4:527–529

molecular forces in,

2:7–8

molecules of,

3:xx, 37, 181, 214, 507n, 508, 543

monatomic

kinetic energy of,

3:181–182, 211–212

quantum theory of,

9:19

specific heat of

(see Specific heat: of monatomic molecules

in narrow tubes,

3:192–195

optical properties of,

3:513

photochemical reactions in, at low temperature,

6:369

pressure of,

2:320–322

radiation interacting with,

3:507n, 522–524, 542

rarefied,

3:6, 243n;

temperature jump in,

6:577, 579n

specific heat of

(see Specific heat)

thermodynamics of,

1:94–96

Van der Waals’s theory of,

1:265; 4:529

viscosity in

(see Viscosity)

See also Kinetic theory of gases

Gas constant,

2:108n, 212, 324, 324n; 3:272, 288, 306

Gas theory, kinetic.

See Kinetic theory of gases

Gasser, Adolf (1877–1948),

2:357n; 5:85n, 132n, 141n, 250n, 524

congratulates AE on appointment,

5:107

death of mother-in-law,

5:108, 108n

electrometer, work with,

5:140

Maschinchen, work on,

5:89

Technikum Winterthur, offers AE help in obtaining position at,

5:108;

on possible vacancy at,

90

visits AE,

5:140

Gasser, Rudolf (1873–1963),

5:91n, 151n, 162n;

Maschinchen, work on,

5:53, 90, 132n

Gasser-Reiniger, Hedwig (1881–1941),

5:90n, 108n, 141n

Gattiker, Johannes,

9:5

Gauchat, Ludwig Emil (1838–1905),

5:9, 10n

Gauge invariance,

7:352, 413; 8:954–956, 967

Gaul, Georg (1869–1921),

8:947

Gaule, Karl,

5:243, 249

Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777–1855),

1:207; 2:4; 3:19, 126n, 359, 398n; 6:482, 485; 7:432; 8:870–871

and differential calculus,

6:216, 284, 295, 535n

Gauss’s error law,

3:259, 265, 267, 294, 297, 303. See also Statistics

Gauss’s law,

1:160, 161, 166, 169, 181; 3:6, 321–324, 326, 328, 331, 342–343, 348, 352, 387

Gauss’s theorem,

2:521; 7:170; 8:405

Gaussian coordinates.

See Coordinate system: Gaussian

Gaussian theory of surfaces,

4:193–195, 209n, 245n, 589; 7:269–270, 273–275, 281n, 539, 573n

Gauthier-Villars publishing house.

See Publishers

Gauverein der DPG in Munich, invites AE to lecture,

10:452

Gdansk, possibility of cession of to Poland,

9:60

GDNÄ.

See Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte

Gebrüder Volkart, Winterthur,

1:299n

Gehrcke, Ernst (1878–1960),

7:101–113, 121n, 127–128n, 279n, 345–348n, 359n; 8:29n, 344, 375n; 10:xxxviii, 382, 397n, 401n, 408, 419n, 428n, 449n, 460, 470

accuses AE of plagiarism,

7:103, 349n

attacks general relativity,

8:345n, 439, 494

at Berlin Philharmonic Hall event,

10:383n, 386n, 389, 395n, 593c

character of,

8:29

on clock paradox,

7:103, 346, 348n

on ether,

7:104

on own motives,

7:348n

on relativity as mass suggestion,

7:111

and replication of Harress’s experiment,

9:208

role in anti-relativity campaign, Hennig on,

10:594c

Geiger, Hans (1882–1945),

2:577; 7:485–487n; 8:285

Geiger, Moritz (1880–1937),

10:451, 452

Geiger, Walburga,

9:43n, 422n

Geiser, Carl (1843–1934),

1:44, 330, 362, 366, 379;

lectures on infinitesimal geometry by,

4:193, 209n

Geitel, Hans (1855–1923),

5:384n; 9:349;

induction machine of,

5:52

General Association for Popular Technical Education.

See Freie Vereinigung für technische Volksbildung

General principle of relativity.

See Relativity, general principle of

General relativity.

See “Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann; Gravitation, relativistic theory of, static field; Relativity, general theory of

Generally covariant field equations.

See Gravitational field equations

Geneva, intended headquarters of League of Nations,

9:341

Genewein, Fritz,

8:1008c

Genoa,

1:lxv n, 312, 372

Gentner-Aichroth, Friedrich (1857–1935),

5:599n, 634c, 636c; 8:11, 990c

Geodesic,

4:194, 195, 209n; 6:87–89, 220, 308, 317, 547

light ray as,

10:62

as trajectory of point mass,

8:418, 804, 824, 859, 878, 893, 948, 955, 967, 971

variational principle for,

6:305–307

Geodesic equation,

7:150–151, 167, 179n, 357n, 453, 456n, 549–551, 573n;

generalization of,

7:413, 416n

Geodetic Institute (Potsdam),

8:615

candidates for directorship of, AE on,

10:171–172

deliberations on directorship of,

8:594, 595n, 596–597, 599, 617, 624, 625, 717, 718n, 795–796

fear of militarization of: AE on,

9:194;

Schweydar on,

191

purpose of,

8:596, 616–617

selection of director of,

9:191

Geodetic precession,

9:16, 258n; 10:477n

AE on,

9:483

detectability of,

9:258n

Lorentz’s calculation of,

9:421–422

Geometric object,

8:348

Geometric shape of moving body.

See Rigid body: geometric shape of

Geometrical world picture versus physical world picture,

8:633

Geometry,

6:285, 518, 519

analytical foundation of, need for,

8:877

anisotropy in space,

10:9n

axiomatic,

7:386–390; 9:72n

conventionality of

(see Conventionalism)

Einstein, Hans Albert studies,

10:29, 87

elliptic,

7:402, 405n; 8:258, 728

epistemological foundations of,

8:877

Euclidean,

6:123, 127, 289, 290, 321, 335, 336, 407, 425, 429, 430, 462, 479, 482, 484, 485, 497, 498, 501, 507, 519, 523, 530; 7:xxxvi, 6, 209, 214, 251, 261–263, 389, 396–401, 432, 504, 515, 520, 538, 541, 609–612, 617–618

and gravitation, Bjerknes on,

10:462

invalidity of,

8:456

as limiting case of Riemannian geometry,

392

infinitesimal,

4:193, 209n

Lobatschevskyan,

10:9n

nature of,

7:272–273, 281n

non-Euclidean,

7:272–278, 376, 388, 409,

Grossmann’s work on,

5:25

intuitive representation of,

395–402; 10:5, 7n

as physical science,

6:67n, 122, 418, 425–427, 429; 7:xxxvi–xxxvii, 272–273, 387–393, 403n

and physics,

8:815

Poincaré on,

9:52; 10:341

practical,

4:104n

projective,

1:212

Riemannian,

7:62n, 79, 275–278, 352, 391–393, 403n–404n, 541, 550, 573n; 8:258, 745, 871

as geodesy,

8:871

Weyl’s generalization of,

7:412–413

as rule of spatial arrangement of rigid bodies,

7:209, 214, 273–275, 387–393, 396–402

spherical,

7:398–402

Study on,

9:52

truth of axioms of,

425–427

of Weyl,

8:721n, 745

Gerber, Paul (1854–?),

7:103–104, 346–347, 349n; 8:345n, 373, 421; 10:62

Gerhard, Wilhelm (1780–1858),

8:257n

Gerhards, Karl,

10:577c;

requests private discussion with AE,

10:593c

Gerlach, Hellmut von (1866–1935),

8:948, 961n; 9:xliv, 43n, 71, 343; 10:xlii, 274, 329, 393;

asked to formulate petition for release of political prisoners,

9:343

Gerlach & Co.,

10:247

German academics, AE deploring political attitudes of,

9:449

German Association of Technical-Scientific Societies.

See Deutscher Verband der technisch-wissenschaftlichen Vereine

German book trade, difficult situation of,

9:424, 480–481

German Bunsen Society, 25th general assembly,

9:461n, 533

German Central Bank,

8:756n, 772n

German Central Committee for Foreign Relief.

See Deutscher Zentralausschuß für die Auslandshilfe

German chancellor,

8:893n

German citizenship,

1:20, 372

German Communist Party, and March 1919 uprising,

9:28n

German culture and language, AE’s attachment to,

1:xxxvi

German currency

decrease in exchange rate of,

9:xxxi, 201, 222, 226, 240, 293, 456; 10:65, 101, 122, 187, 330n, 528

increase in exchange rate of,

10:139

See also Exchange rate, currency

German Democratic Party,

10:xlii

German Foreign Office,

8:331n;

AE’s visit to,

10:51n

German furniture and art, foreign purchases of,

9:281

German intellectuals

growing republican spirit of, AE on,

9:326

isolated from intellectuals of Allied countries,

9:273

learning humility from intellectual blockade,

9:xliii, 121, 163

past and present of, AE on,

9:264

German League for the League of Nations.

See Deutsche Liga für Völkerbund

German Mathematical Association.

See Deutsche Mathematische Vereinigung

German Mathematical Society.

See Deutsche Mathematische Vereinigung

German National Assembly, and Deutscher Schutzbund für die Grenz- und Auslandsdeutschen,

9:350

German National People’s Party.

See Deutschnationale Volkspartei

German navy officers, employed by Japanese navy,

9:237

German News Agency for Foreign University and Student Affairs, requests support from AE,

10:588c

German Peace Society.

See Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft

German Physical Society.

See Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft

German prisoners-of-war, condition of,

8:110

German Red Cross,

10:599c

German revolution, central organs of,

8:965n

German science, American support for,

10:599c

German Social and Scientific Society of New York.

See Deutscher Gesellig-Wissenschaftlicher Verein von New York

German Society for Foreign Book Trade.

See Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auslandsbuchhandel(Leipzig)

German University of Prague.

See University of Prague, German

German war crimes, Bryce Report on,

9:43n. See also Lille booklet; Private commission to investigate German war crimes

German-American Relief Committee for Germany and Austria,

7:301n, 495n

Germany

AE expects moderate treatment of by Allies,

9:36

AE on positive effects of failure and need in,

9:120

AE thinks of leaving,

8:961, 971

aim of economic domination of eastern Europe,

8:747n

Allied blockade of,

7:129n

American relief work in,

9:253n

as Anglo-American colony, AE on,

9:281

antirevolutionary forces in,

9:16

anti-Semitism in,

9:352;

AE on,

268;

fight against,

490

army of, threat posed by,

9:513

barbarism of right-wing groups, AE on,

9:487

basic research in,

8:40n

blockade of,

9:253n, 499n

Bolshevism in,

9:34n;

AE on,

29

ceding territory to France, AE against,

9:36

chancellor resigns in,

8:506, 524n

as Cinderella among nations,

9:243

coal shortage in,

8:598; 10:118

coalition in Reichstag,

8:506n

collapse of economy of,

9:201;

foreseen,

260

congress of councils in,

8:965n

control of book export in,

9:605c

corruption and poverty in,

9:306

council democracy in,

7:124n

Council of People’s Deputies in,

8:944n

currency export restrictions in,

9:120, 138

currency, value of

(see Exchange rate, currency; German currency)

danger of becoming Anglo-American colony,

7:334n

danger of deals with,

8:505

democratic elections for,

8:931n

devaluation of currency of

(see Exchange rate, currency; German currency)

differences between southern and northern parts of, AE on,

9:139

economic collapse of,

8:958

economic instability in,

7:300n, 470, 494n;

effect on scientific research,

494n

effects of malnutrition in,

7:129n, 333n

export restrictions for books,

10:135

famine in,

8:407, 431n, 960

food rationing in,

8:411n; 10:53n, 123n, 124

foreign purchase of furniture and art in,

9:281

future of, AE on,

9:xlii, 5, 28, 85, 92, 139, 147, 154, 264, 306, 352

Gesetzgebende Nationalversammlung (Legislative National Assembly),

7:123–124

government, liberalization of,

8:506n;

Socialists in,

964

and idea of revenge, AE on,

9:121, 135

image abroad of, AE on,

9:474–475

immigration from eastern Europe in,

7:238–239, 241n

improving social environment in, AE on,

9:326

inflation in,

8:965

influenza in,

8:911, 939, 961

intellectual blockade of,

9:121, 273;

AE on,

xliii, 121, 163

Jews ostracized from,

9:243

Kapp Putsch,

7:xli, 101, 283n

lack of moral courage of intellectuals in,

8:636

milk ration in,

8:728n

mutiny of sailors in,

8:964

paper shortage in,

8:117, 954, 959

parliamentary system for,

8:931n, 932

political climate in,

9:498, 513

political stabilization of, Muehlon on,

9:12n

potato harvest, failure of,

8:409n

propaganda against Entente,

10:183

Quaker relief work in,

9:139n, 253n, 496n

Rat der Volksbeauftragten (Council of People’s Deputies),

7:124n

Reichstag,

7:240n

religion of might in,

8:451, 505, 532, 872n, 959

republic proclaimed,

10:182

resignation of Bethmann Hollweg,

10:108n

revenge idea in,

9:121, 135

revolution in,

7:xxi, 90, 99n, 101; 8:964

salvation of by democracy,

8:872

scholarly literature, difficulties of obtaining in,

9:45n, 485, 514, 533

social environment in, AE on,

9:329

Stargard concentration camp,

7:240n

strikes in,

8:944n; 9:106, 201

suffering in,

9:148n, 200n, 483, 496, 512

turnip winter in,

8:409n

Workers’ and Soldiers’ Councils, Berlin,

7:123–124n

See also Einstein, Albert: Politics; World War I

Gesamt- und Bürgerschule, Olsberg,

1:51n, 53n

Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte (GDNÄ),

10:xxxviii

AE elected as member of scientific committee of,

10:440

founding of,

2:147

meetings of,

3:xviii–xix, 479, 499–503, 504n, 546n

meeting in Bad Nauheim (1920),

7:xxxii, 102, 107–111, 347, 349n, 351–357n; 10:xxxvii–xli, 416, 426–427, 434, 442, 449n

AE on,

10:437, 468

AE stays with Borns during,

10:418

anti-relativity demonstrations at: expected,

10:373, 408;

did not occur,

444

begins,

10:599c

business meeting on fusion of physics journals at,

10:599c

closes,

10:600c

discussion on relativity at,

10:435, 492n, 510, 523n, 534, 542n, 600c;

AE on,

444;

AE proposes,

302, 305, 353, 413;

Fricke proposes,

305;

Grebe asked to participate in,

409

Ehrenhaft’s lecture at,

10:422

Fricke invites AE to lecture at,

10:302

Laue’s planned lecture at,

10:305

Meyer on,

10:481

Planck on support for AE at,

10:412

Weyl’s planned lecture at,

10:305

meeting in Cologne (1908),

5:89n, 105n, 136, 136n, 149n, 152

meeting in Dresden (1907),

5:75, 89n

meeting in Karlsruhe (1911),

3:546n

AE’s attendance of,

5:324n, 331; 10:11n

AE’s discussion remarks at,

3:499–503, 504n

Haber’s paper at,

5:378n

Hopf’s paper at,

5:336n

Zangger’s attendance of,

5:326n

meeting in Leipzig (1922),

7:112

meeting in Salzburg (1909)

AE’s attendance of,

2:xvii, 147, 206; 5:81n, 202

AE’s lecture at,

2:xvii, 134–135, 142, 147–148, 270, 273, 564–582; 3:xviii–xix; 4:110; 5:190n, 209n, 210n, 227, 232

AE’s participation in discussions at,

2:558, 561, 585, 586, 589

Born’s paper at,

5:211n

meeting in Stuttgart (1906),

2:254

meeting in Vienna (1913),

8:33, 462, 463n, 707

AE’s lecture at,

4:126, 295, 297, 298, 299, 358, 470, 471n, 487–500, 581; 5:522n, 550n, 556;

AE on,

544;

discussion following,

4:505–509;

submitted,

5:543

discussion between AE and Mie at,

5:551n

Gesellschaft für drahtlose Telegraphie m.b.H.

See Telefunken

Gesellschaft für nautische Instrumente,

7:81–85n; 8:791n, 812n, 838n, 839n

Gesellschaft für positivistische Philosophie,

8:17n, 495n

Gesetzgebende Nationalversammlung.

See Germany: Gesetzgebende Nationalversammlung

Gewerbeschule.

See Aargau Kantonsschule

Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839–1903),

2:45, 551n; 3:7, 204, 244n, 554; 4:561; 5:172, 193; 6:250, 376; 8:815, 958

AE’s reading of,

2:44, 49, 73n

approach by, as distinct from AE’s,

2:52, 54–55

conception of entropy,

2:44, 110

on dissociation of gases,

10:15

fills “gap,”

2:543

and microcanonical ensemble,

2:49

statistical mechanics of,

3:7–8, 315, 315n, 559, 562n

terminology of,

2:54–55, 73n–74n

Gide, André, and Nouvelle revue française,

9:392n

Gierster, Joseph,

1:347

Giese, W.,

1:236

Gijselaar, Nicolaas de (1865–1937),

10:xliv, 267n

Gilbert, Leo,

10:594c

Gimler, Friedrich,

8:1016c

Ginsberg, Shlomo (1889–1968),

9:255n

Ginzberg, Asher (Ahad Ha’am) (1856–1927),

7:234

Ginzberg, Salomon (1889–1968),

7:234, 623

Gipfel, Wilhelm,

9:437

Giulietti, Davide,

1:liii, liv

Gjesdahl, Sven, requests article from AE for Akademisk Revy,

10:594c

Glaciers,

1:35–38

Gladbach, Philipp,

1:360, 361

Glarisegg, boarding school for Hans Albert Einstein,

10:81

Glaser, Ludwig (1889–?),

7:106–107, 349n; 10:401n, 418n, 428n;

lectures at anti-relativity meeting,

10:595c

Glass, properties of,

1:280, 283

Gleichen Rußwurm, Heinrich von (1882–1959),

9:350, 357n

Gliding of birds, Lilienthal on,

10:581c

Glitscher, Karl,

8:914n

Globular star clusters.

See Star clusters, globular

Gloriastrasse apartment, subletting of,

8:452, 503n

Glum, Friedrich (1891–1974),

9:108n, 563c, 565c, 566c; 10:590c, 592c, 593c;

donation to KWIP,

8:1020c

Gnehm, Robert (1852–1926),

5:333n, 350n, 352, 353n, 367n, 368n, 371, 382n, 407n, 510n, 529n; 8:852n, 916n; 9:169, 190, 215n, 312n; 10:17, 18n, 317

ETH

attempts to keep AE at,

5:583n

initiates negotiations with AE on appointment at,

5:365n

theoretical physics chair at, objections to,

5:333n, 340n;

dropped,

5:365n 399n

Gobat, Albert (1843–1914),

5:106n

Gocht, Moritz (1869–1938),

10:260

Gockel, Albert (1860–1927),

5:124n, 151n

collaboration with AE,

5:162

Gockel-Baumhauer, Paula (1898–1969),

5:151n

Gödel, Kurt (1906–1978),

6:130n

Godin, Jean (1817–1888),

8:941

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749–1832),

6:70, 213n; 7:112; 8:889n; 10:345

two lectures by Helmholtz on,

6:569, 570n

Goethebund.

See Berliner Goethebund

Göhring, Salome,

8:283n

Gold Medal of Royal Astronomical Society,

9:li, 408, 436, 588c, 605c

Goldscheid, Rudolf (1870–1931),

8:836, 844; 10:521, 594c

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:522

requests private discussion with AE on objections to relativity,

10:521–522

on traces of traditional physics in relativity,

10:521–522

Goldscheid-von Maltzahn, Marie (1875–1938),

10:523n

Goldschmidt, Alice (1892–?), engagement to Hopf,

5:484n;

marriage,

502n

Goldschmidt, Amelie, puzzle in verse,

10:579c

Goldschmidt, Richard (1878–1958),

7:448n

Goldschmidt, Robert (1877–1935),

5:300, 301n, 522n; 9:114

Goldstein, Eugen (1850–1930),

9:20, 297n;

awarded funds by KWIP,

10:597c

Goldstein rays.

See Canal rays

Gomperz, Heinrich (1873–1942),

8:346n

Gomperz, Theodor (1832–1912),

5:19, 19n

Gonzenbach, Wilhelm von (1880–1955),

10:167, 192

Goot, D. H. van der,

8:63

Gorky, Maxim (1868–1936),

9:415

Görz (Gorizia),

5:296n

Gothein, Georg (1857–1940),

10:433n

Gottesman, Jacob, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:599c

Gottfried-Keller centenary at University of Zurich, AE participates in,

10:204–205

Göttingen,

9:440, 460; 10:106n. See also University of Göttingen

Göttingen Academy,

7:76n

Göttingen Observatory,

6:360

Göttinger Vereinigung für Angewandte Physik und Mathematik,

8:805

Gottmadingen,

10:130

Gouy, Louis-Georges (1854–1926),

2:208–209, 217, 334, 344n; 5:44

objections to AE’s theory of Brownian motion,

44

Grabowsky, Adolf (1880–1969),

9:33, 71

Graetz, Leo (1856–1941),

5:264n

Graf, Johann Heinrich (1852–1918),

5:24, 25n; 9:464n

Graf, Johann Jakob (1854–1925),

1:24

Graham, Thomas (1805–1869),

2:202

Granquist, Gustaf (1866–1922),

9:217

Grassmann, Hermann (1809–1877),

5:296, 296n, 533n

Grau, Kurt (1891–1947),

10:390

Grave.

See Ether

’s Gravesande, Willem J. (1688–1742),

9:502

Gravitation,

3:xxviii–xxx, 21, 25, 348, 446, 582

absolute differential calculus for theory of,

10:25

absorption of,

10:296, 478

and acceleration

(see Acceleration: and gravitation; Force: centrifugal: and gravitational)

AE on connection with molecular forces,

1:265, 290, 292

AE working on,

10:20n

AE’s lectures on,

3:10

constructed from orbits of comets,

10:299, 306

direct effect of,

8:392

electromagnetic theories of,

3:126n

and electromagnetism,

10:57

and electron,

10:62

energy tensor of,

10:176

“Entwurf” theory for

(see “Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann)

and generalized relativity theory,

2:xxix, 253, 273, 476

and inertia, Bjerknes on,

10:462

influence of

on Brownian motion,

3:223–224, 245n, 450–451, 454n

on electromagnetic processes,

2:481–484

on optical phenomena,

2:483–484

on rate of clock,

2:480–481

on vertical distribution of suspended particles,

2:339, 345n

kinetic theory of,

2:321–322, 322n

and light deflection,

3:486, 494–496

local action theory of,

7:xxxv, 119

and pendulums,

3:47–53

possible influence on dissociation and solubility, Besso on,

5:14

and propagation of light,

3:486–490, 497n

propagation of at speed of light,

3:447

relativistic theory of,

2:476–484

and relativity principle,

2:273–274, 476–484, 495

and relativity theory,

3:497n

repulsive,

8:706

role of in constitution of matter,

8:194, 706

theories of

(see De Donder, Théophile: gravitation theory of; Newtonian theory of gravitation; Nordström’s theory of gravitation; Abraham, Max: gravitation theory of; Kottler, Friedrich: gravitation theory of)

unity of with electrodynamics,

8:195

See also Gravitation, relativistic theory of, static field; Relativity, general theory of

Gravitation, relativistic theory of, dynamic field.

See “Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann; Relativity, general theory of

Gravitation, relativistic theory of, static field,

4:122–128, 130–144, 147–162, 175–178, 181–186, 251, 305–307; 5:413, 418, 428, 429, 434, 435, 467, 483

acceleration in,

4:130–137, 175, 252n, 478, 489

AE on validity of,

5:486

AE’s work on,

5:82, 309

deflection of light rays in,

4:123

and electrodynamics,

4:124, 147–154

electromagnetic field equations in,

5:436

energy density of,

4:124, 161–162, 567

energy of point mass in,

4:138, 176, 186, 306

entropy of a system in,

4:155

equation of motion of point mass in,

4:135–140, 162, 176, 305–307; 5:435

equivalence of energy and gravitational mass in,

5:465

equivalence principle in,

5:436, 466n, 486;

Ehrenfest’s generalization of,

487–496

field equations of,

4:123, 125, 135, 137, 156–162, 202n

force in,

5:413, 435

force on

mass distribution in,

4:156–157

point mass in,

4:139, 142, 159, 306

hyperbolical motion in, Ehrenfest on,

5:460

induction analogy,

4:127, 175–178, 295, 436

Lagrange formalism for,

4:127, 162

Laue’s objections to,

5:482n

momentum of point mass in,

4:139, 306

paper submitted on,

5:420, 433

potential, AE on physical meaning of,

4:140–142

principle of action and reaction in,

5:430n, 486n

redshift in,

4:122, 479, 509, 550, 567

speed of light as potential in,

4:104n, 122–126, 130–144, 179n, 306, 475, 479, 494, 506, 549; 5:434–435, 465, 484

and thermodynamics,

4:124, 154–156

worldlines field in, Ehrenfest on,

5:460, 462

Gravitation tensor,

4:196–197, 198, 199, 222n, 238n, 239n, 247n, 250n, 253n, 254n, 263n, 296, 312–316, 496 (see also Einstein tensor; Gravitational field: components of; Ricci tensor; Riemann tensor)

Gravitational constant,

3:126n; 4:135, 137, 492, 497; 6:126, 333; 7:553, 557

calculation of,

4:413n, 421n, 431n, 447n

in “Entwurf” theory and Newton’s theory,

4:348, 360, 365, 468

Gravitational effect

of infinite stellar system,

8:644

of relative acceleration,

8:439–440

of rotation of Earth and Sun,

9:258

Gravitational field,

3:xxix, 490–491; 6:75–77, 288, 467–469, 531; 7:162

absorption of by masses,

7:142

and acceleration

(see Acceleration: and gravitation; Force: centrifugal: and gravitational force)

behavior of clock in

(see Clock: behavior of in gravitational field)

behavior of measuring-rod in

(see Measuring-rod: behavior of in gravitational field)

components of,

6:101, 119, 120, 220, 235, 237–238, 239, 246, 316–317, 332, 406 (see also Einstein tensor; Gravitation tensor; Ricci tensor; Riemann tensor)

in constitution of matter,

9:28, 35–36, 65n, 85n, 87, 118, 155, 566c

discussion between AE and Hilbert on,

9:88–89

dynamic, AE on,

9:258

and electromagnetic field,

7:318–319

energy-momentum components (pseudotensor) of,

4:222n, 248n, 250n, 258n, 260n, 297, 317, 483, 492, 496, 567; 6:9, 100, 120, 221–222, 247, 321, 322, 350–351, 357n, 406, 411, 415; 7:xxv–xxvi, 14–17, 21, 26n, 28n, 30–32n, 66, 71–73, 76n, 165, 181n; 8:303, 306–308, 313, 315, 319, 327, 498–500, 509–510, 516–522, 687–688, 704–705, 833, 834, 859, 932, 938; 9:41

equations of

(see Gravitational field equations)

“fictitious,”

7:117–118, 121n, 354–355, 357n, 369, 371n

force exerted by,

6:286, 288, 406–407, 467–468, 478, 496

from four-potential,

8:584, 644, 646

Hamiltonian of,

6:11, 117–120, 215, 319–321, 340, 342, 343–345, 346n, 410–415, 416n, 556–557, 575–577

as inductive effect,

7:118, 121n, 265, 280n, 354, 358n

infinitesimal,

4:124, 185 (see also Weak field approximation)

isotropic,

6:544

kinematic interpretation of,

6:292, 318, 405–406, 471–472, 477

law of conservation of energy-momentum of

(see Energy-momentum, law of conservation of: for gravitational field)

law of uniform acceleration in,

7:265, 376, 408

of mass point,

6:235–238, 318, 334, 348, 351–352, 405, 472, 552n (see also Schwarzschild solution)

measurement in,

8:633

molecular,

8:194, 201

nonlocalizability of energy of,

7:xxvi, 28n

observability of,

10:300, 307

potential of,

6:126, 127, 128, 332–333, 513, 514, 541, 542, 543, 545, 552n; 7:12, 14, 555–556

potential energy in,

3:348, 490; 6:545; 7:576n

propagation of light in,

3:494–496, 497n

quasi-static,

6:332

real and apparent,

8:16; 632, 640, 649, 750

responsible for anomalies in perihelion motion,

8:100–101

singularities of,

7:40, 49n

in small and large scale,

8:240, 258–259, 661

spherically symmetric,

6:545

static,

6:333–337, 548

strength of,

6:120;

suspension in,

2:213, 221

terrestrial,

6:472

uniform, equivalence with uniformly accelerated frame of reference,

2:273–274, 476; 5:86 (see also Equivalence principle)

weak static,

8:100–101

See also “Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann; Gravitation, relativistic theory of, static field; Gravitational field equations; Metric tensor; Relativity, general theory of

Gravitational field equations,

4:123, 125, 135, 137, 156–162, 202n; 6:109–123, 220–222, 227–228, 245–248, 322–325, 410–412, 532, 533, 545, 550–551; 7:40, 131, 139n, 166, 171, 174, 181n, 278, 354, 377, 409, 453, 456n, 553; 10:27, 35n, 38n

analogy with Poisson equation of

(see Poisson equation: analogue in general relativity)

approximated,

6:4, 123–128, 223, 235, 236–238, 245, 319, 331–333, 348–356, 493; 7:551

cosmological term in,

6:516, 539n, 543, 547, 549–550, 551

covariance properties of,

6:7–17, 412–415

in five-dimensional theory,

9:66

for universe,

7:187

for vacuum,

6:235–238, 245–246, 317–319, 319–321, 322;

Euclidean solution of,

9:393n, 403n

Hamiltonian form of,

8:251

modified, of 1919,

10:364n

Poisson form of,

8:207, 976

solutions of,

6:360, 362n, 552n; 9:403n

with cosmological term, with matter,

8:415–416, 473, 501

with cosmological term, without matter,

8:414, 415416, 466–467, 473, 501, 712–713, 725n, 765n, 778

in first approximation,

8:302

for rotating hollow sphere,

8:375n, 481–483, 500

from Weyl’s unified field theory,

8:878, 893

static,

8:725n;

spatially symmetric with degenerate boundary conditions,

10:63

without cosmological term, with matter,

8:302, 368, 534–535

See also Cosmological model, De Sitter’s; Schwarzschild solution

tracefree,

7:133–135, 139n; 9:85n

uniqueness of,

8:248

Gravitational lens,

8:185

Gravitational light deflection,

2:274, 483, 488n; 3:494–496; 4:548; 6:4, 24n, 73, 127, 136n, 234, 237, 288, 336–337, 339n, 417, 418, 475, 494, 510–512, 535n, 537n; 7:xxiv, xxix–xxxi, 148, 177n–178n, 200–201n, 206, 209–210n, 213–214, 268–269, 357n, 558–559, 573n, 614, 619; 8:221, 232, 242n, 560; 9:xxxii–xxxvii, 219; 10:22n, 483–484

AE’s formula for,

5:326

approximate values of,

9:170

Campbell’s assistance in investigation of,

5:566

by celestial bodies,

8:205, 215

confirmation of,

9:170, 305

Eddington on,

9:216

hurts English pride of Newton,

9:245

daylight investigation of,

5:505n, 554; 9:244

AE on,

5:325, 326, 503

AE’s enquiry to Hale on,

5:559

Hale on,

5:567

difficulty of test of, Laue on,

5:385

eclipse expeditions for investigation of

(see Solar eclipse expedition)

half value prediction of,

9:304n, 305;

Zangger on,

303

in emission theory of light, AE on,

5:550

Freundlich’s investigation of

(see Freundlich, Erwin: gravitational light deflection)

interference experiment as test of, Laue’s proposal of,

5:385

by Jupiter,

3:496; 8:13, 208, 215, 216n, 241, 256, 258, 264, 469, 470, 560

Newton on,

7:xxxi, 112

novas as result of,

8:185

observation of, AE on influence of opalescence on,

5:387

relativistic and nonrelativistic, Eddington on,

9:32

Soldner’s calculation of,

5:551n

by Sun,

6:337; 8:19n, 57n, 208, 215, 469, 470, 560

as special case of perihelion motion,

8:375n

as test of general theory of relativity,

9:32

in Weyl’s theory,

9:217

value of in AE’s and Grossmann’s theory,

5:559

Gravitational lines of force, in crystals,

8:608n

Gravitational mass, relationship to inertial mass.

See also Mass: equality of inertial and gravitational

Gravitational potential,

2:483, 487n; 3:xxix, 489, 492–493

influence on physical laws of,

4:488

physical significance of, Laue on,

5:384

relativity of,

8:459, 460n–461n, 462, 692

uniformity of in universe,

8:358, 413, 423, 467

velocity-dependence of,

8:345n, 373

See also Metric field

Gravitational radiation.

See Gravitational waves

Gravitational redshift,

2:274, 481, 487n, 488n; 3:xxix, 491–494, 497n; 6:24n, 73, 127, 130n, 136n, 237, 243n, 335, 339n, 372, 373n, 494, 512–515, 535n, 539n; 7:xxiv, 147, 177n–178n, 209, 214, 271, 281n, 353, 357n, 453, 558, 575n, 615, 619; 8:221, 232, 894, 941; 9:xxxvii–xxxviii, xxxix–xl; 10:xlix, 248–251

AE confident about,

9:27, 342, 498, 118, 419

confirmation of, AE on,

9:353

and daytime photography,

10:381

empirical confirmation of,

7:xxx–xxxi, 106, 281n, 347, 349n

explained in terms of equivalence principle,

9:304–305

Freundlich’s work on

(see Freundlich: gravitational redshift)

Guillaume on,

9:380

half-shift prediction of,

9:32

magnitude of AE’s prediction of,

5:328

observational difficulties of, Julius on,

5:330

solar,

8:13, 14n, 470, 879, 894; 9:xxxix, 27, 37, 86–87, 112, 295, 328, 330–332, 342, 346, 353, 355, 385, 401, 419, 457, 478–479, 482, 498; 10:316, 346, 371–372, 409, 413, 571c

Evershed on,

10:381

Grebe and Bachem on,

10:337, 365

Julius on,

10:309

negative findings,

9:xxxviii, 87, 112, 244, 355, 478–479, 498

negative findings criticized,

9:324, 355, 401

Perot on,

10:382

of star light,

9:xxxix, 25–27, 295, 447

stellar,

8:88, 91, 94, 136, 147, 205, 208, 214, 216n, 255, 257n, 261, 262, 264, 470, 560; 10:232–233, 309

AE on,

10:60

Freundlich on,

10:225

to determine eccentricity of Earth’s orbit, AE on,

10:61

terrestrial

observational difficulties of,

10:61

to measure gravitational potential of Earth,

10:61

as test of general relativity,

9:236, 244

and Weyl’s theory,

10:346

See also Equivalence principle; Redshift, solar

Gravitational waves,

4:616; 6:348, 352–357, 357n; 7:xxiii–xxv, 12, 17–18, 43n; 8:265, 300, 301n, 302, 303n, 314, 374, 611, 697, 698, 699n, 753n; 10:44, 48, 63

absorption of,

7:22–23

AE’s 1916 paper on, error in,

7:xxv, 12, 15, 22, 26n–27n

energy transported by,

6:353–356; 7:19, 21–22, 27n

quadrupole formula for,

7:xxiv–xxv, xxvii, 21–22, 27n

apparent (“scheinbare”),

6:356, 357n; 7:xxv, 19, 27n

Gravity, center of.

See Center of gravity

Great Britain,

8:150

relief work for Viennese children in,

9:311

and U.S. as guarantors of peace,

8:962

Greater Berlin Adult Education Program.

See Volkshochschule Groß-Berlin

Grebe, Leonhard (1883–1967),

6:514; 7:106, 271, 281n, 347, 349n, 575n; 9:xxxix, 86, 296n, 324–325, 328n, 330–332, 335, 342, 347n, 353, 355, 385, 386, 401, 457, 470, 478–479, 482, 498, 598c; 10:xlix, 248–249, 346, 372, 584c, 585c

asked to participate in discussion on relativity in Bad Nauheim,

10:409

funding by Fleischer,

9:596c

on gravitational redshift in Sun,

9:37–38, 86–87

on redshift of solar spectral lines,

10:337, 365, 413

requests KWIP funds for spectroscopic measurements of redshift,

9:38;

granted,

560c, 561c, 564c

sends AE manuscript coauthored with Bachem,

9:571c

submits paper with Bachem on redshift to AE,

10:316

Green’s theorem,

3:6, 331–332

Greenwall, H. J.,

8:963n

Grégorie, Henri (1881–1964),

10:363

Greifswald, University of

(see University of Greifswald)

Greinacher, Heinrich (1880–1974),

5:241, 241n, 447n; 8:148, 152; 10:206;

University of Zurich, candidacy for chair at, AE on,

5:446

Grether, ?,

1:271

Grimm Brothers,

1:336n

Grimm, Robert (1881–1958),

10:183

Grob, August (1870–1954),

8:665

Grob, Emanuel,

1:241

Grojean, Oscar (1875–1950),

10:363

Grommer, Jakob (1879–1933),

4:7; 6:545, 552n; 7:77n, 101, 293n; 9:100, 361

AE presents paper by,

9:582c

AE’s collaboration with,

10:63

AE’s memorandum on,

7:293n

mathematical assistance from, funded by KWIP,

9:101, 560c

position for, AE helps to find,

8:484

Groos, Karl (1861–1946),

8:888; 9:45n

Großmann, Will,

10:570c

Grossmann, Amélie Amanda (1871–1956),

5:85n

Grossmann, Eduard (1882–1947),

5:85n

Grossmann, Elsbeth (1909–1986),

5:294n

Grossmann, Eugen (1879–1963),

5:85, 85n, 351

Grossmann, Jules (1843–1934),

5:85n;

helps AE obtain position at Swiss Federal Patent Office,

1:xxxvii, 291, 292

Grossmann, Marcel (1878–1936),

1:212n, 234, 299, 328, 329n; 2:l85, 203n, 317n; 3:576; 4:5, 195–199, 193, 195, 197, 209n, 233, 253, 271, 294–301, 475, 480, 493, 586; 5:26n, 184, 294n, 339n, 351n, 352, 353n, 353, 368n, 371n; 6:73, 215, 284, 535n; 8:305, 509, 690n; 9:448, 451n; 10:202, 211, 331, 536, 537, 548

AE consults on application at Technikum Winterthur,

5:84

AE meets with,

10:xxxiv

AE, helps to obtain position at Swiss Federal Patent Office,

1:322

on AE’s considering to leave Germany,

10:205, 208

biography,

1:381–382

collaboration with AE,

5:505, 506n, 516, 517, 538; 8:201, 207, 218, 233, 245, 436; 10:37 (see also “Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann)

contribution to relativity theory of, AE on,

6:129n, 338n

covariance properties of field equations of gravitation, AE and on,

6:7–17

doctoral dissertation,

1:330

Einstein, Pauline, death of, condolences on,

9:484

on “Entwurf” theory of gravitation,

8:13, 147 (see also “Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann)

ETH: appointment at,

5:85n;

classmate of AE at,

26n

on French edition of AE’s scientific papers,

9:411

grades,

1:214, 247

Guillaume

on AE’s remarks on,

10:492

on anti-relativity campaign of,

10:421

publishes note against,

10:xlviii

suggests public debate with,

10:421, 529

on theory of,

10:325, 492

Schlick, on book by,

9:483

on special relativity,

8:348

See also “Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann

Grossmann, Marcel Hans (1904–1986),

5:26n

Grossmann, Marcel, Jr.,

10:422n, 430n

Grossmann-Keller, Anna (1882–1967),

5:26n, 85n, 294n; 9:450n; 10:422n

Grossmann-Lichtenhahn, Henriette (1850–1925),

5:85n

Group

Lorentz

(see Lorentz group)

space-time symmetry,

2:253

transformation,

2:xxix, 292, 308n

Group theory, and Lorentz transformation,

6:50, 53–55

Group velocity

in absorptive media, AE’s expression for,

5:58

AE’s definition of,

5:60, 65

relation with signal velocity, AE on,

5:66, 67, 70

Wien’s expression for,

5:58, 60

See also Superluminal velocity; Signal velocity

Grühr, Heinz,

9:437

Grüneisen, Eduard (1877–1949),

3:412, 476n; 5:415n; 7:331n; 8:66n, 175; 9:77; 10:370n

and compressibility,

3:412, 414n, 471

equation of state for solids, derivation of,

5:415

lecture on molecular theory of solids,

4:554n

Gruner, Paul (1869–1957),

5:48n, 95

electron theory of metals, work on,

5:147n

reply to AE’s objections,

5:145–147

University of Bern, courses given at,

5:97n

Grünwald, Josef, AE on committee to select successor to,

5:628c

“A Guaranteed Subsistence for All” Society (Vienna).

See Verein “Allgemeine Nährpflicht”

Guillaume, Charles Edouard (1861–1938),

3:131, 155

Guillaume, Edouard (1881–1959),

5:162n, 187n; 9:xl, 378, 380, 411, 430, 449; 10:325, 346, 354, 383, 421, 529, 535, 547–548ì

on absolute simultaneity,

9:432n

AE on,

9:536

AE unable to understand considerations of,

10:331, 358–359, 384, 428–430, 529–530

on AE’s conception of a light source,

10:536–537

against time dilation,

10:592c

collaboration with AE,

5:161; 6:67n

conflict with AE,

10:537–538

congratulates AE,

9:378

correspondence with AE,

10:xlviii–xlix

equations between things, not numbers, AE on,

10:331, 338–339, 346

on his principle of relative constancy of light velocity,

10:326–327, 588c

Lorentz transformation, discussion with AE on,

8:524, 525–526, 528, 533, 536–537

on meaning of a clock’s period,

10:586c

on relativistic Doppler shift,

10:595c

special relativity

on absolute time in,

10:429, 530

on time measurement in,

10:410–411

theory of

on AE’s inability to understand,

10:536

on Grossmann’s remarks on,

10:536

requests public statement by AE on,

10:326

time dilation, discussion with AE on,

9:379, 418–419, 430–432

translated Einstein 1910a,

10:10n

universal time, discussion with AE on,

8:526, 528, 536–537

Guillaume, Hélène (1883–1928),

5:187n; 8:528n; 9:419n, 432

Guillaume family,

5:186

Guldberg’s rule,

3:407n

Gumbel, Emil,

10:xlii

Gumlich, Ernst (1859–1930),

6:169, 171n

Gumpertz, Ludwig (1855–1943),

9:64, 65n, 83

Günther, Ernst, requests KWIP funds for thermal research of solid amorphous substances, granted,

9:560c

Günther, Johannes von (1886–1973),

9:392n

Günther, Paul (1892–1969),

10:499

Gutmann, Ida, on heritability of dialects,

9:505–506

Gutzkow, Karl (1811–1878),

5:21n

Guye, Charles-Eugène (1866–1942),

5:526n; 8:814, 913 9:341, 354, 405, 452; 10:287, 421, 492

and AE’s honorary doctorate at University of Geneva,

5:202n

invites AE to lecture at University of Geneva,

9:372

on motion of electrons,

9:354

Gymnasium.

See Luitpold-Gymnasium; Aargau Kantonsschule

Gyrocompass

Anschütz-Kaempfe on,

10:457, 533, 543–544

expert opinions on,

6:137–143, 143n, 144n, 146; 146, 207–210; 7:81–84, 190–195; 8:63n, 790, 811–812, 832, 837, 857; 10:196, 206

See also Gyroscope

Gyromagnetic effect,

10:303

Einstein invited to report on at Third Solvay Congress,

10:xlvii.

measurement of,

9:7

See also Ampère’s molecular currents

Gyromagnetic factor, of electron,

6:148, 149

Gyroscope,

3:114; 6:137–143, 146, 155, 207–210, 231; 7:81–85n, 190–195; 8:812n; 10:476

azimuth-top,

6:138

damping of oscillations in,

6:140–143, 208–210

magnetic molecule as,

6:146, 152, 174, 191, 231

meridian-top,

6:137

precession of,

6:155

torque on,

6:137, 155, 208, 209, 210, 231

Gysel, Julius (1851–1935),

5:475, 475n

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

H

Haab, Otto (1850–1931),

1:232, 233n

Haab, Robert (1865–1939),

8:852n

Haas, Albert de (1911–?),

8:85n

Haas, Aletta de (1913–?),

8:85n

Haas, Arthur,

8:1006c; 9:550c

Haas, Hendrik de (1919–?),

9:55, 121

Haas, Johanna de (1916–?),

8:299

Haas, Marc de (1866–1951),

9:54

Haas, Wander de (1878–1960),

5:549n; 6:145, 148, 191, 193n, 271; 8:79, 91, 127, 229, 340, 345, 346n; 9:7n, 16, 54, 57, 145, 150, 155, 233; 10:52, 302, 368

AE visits,

8:340; 10:222, 223

Ampère’s molecular currents

experiments on,

6:145–149, 149, 151–169, 175–176, 173–188, 195, 231; 8:63, 76, 79, 84n, 85, 88, 91, 117, 120–121, 128, 135, 143, 157, 162, 175, 197, 299, 340n

papers with AE on

145, 6:147, 151–169, 173–188, 231

review paper at Third Solvay Congress,

6:149

Baumgartner Prize for, with AE,

8:756n; 10:100

candidate as Assistent with AE in Berlin,

5:547, 603n

collaboration with AE,

8:63, 64n, 76, 85, 97, 117, 135, 175, 299n; 10:xlvii, 28

conservator at Teyler’s Foundation,

8:298, 299

called “De Haas-Lorentz,” by AE,

8:127

landlord of in Berlin,

8:143n, 146, 151, 159

lists literature on experiments on Ampère’s molecular currents,

10:502

move from Berlin to the Netherlands,

8:142, 146, 150, 151, 155, 157, 159, 162

moving expenses of,

9:166

new position and home,

8:160n, 163n, 175, 197

paper with Geertruida de Haas-Lorentz,

6:149

praised by AE,

8:79, 88, 299

Solvay Congress, Third

invited to,

10:303

lecture at,

7:xxix, 585n, 586–587

See also Ampère’s molecular currents

Haase, Hugo (1863–1919),

9:71

Haas-Lorentz, Geertruida de (1885–1973),

5:282n, 360n, 549n; 7:585n; 8:84n, 116, 127, 142, 146, 151, 155, 175, 197, 229, 340; 9:121, 145; 10:53n, 223

invites AE to stay in Delft,

10:602c

paper with De Haas,

6:149

praised by AE,

10:223

Habberton, John (1842–1921),

10:464

Haber, Charlotte (1889–1978),

9:124n, 126n; 10:212

Haber, Fritz (1868–1934),

3:581; 5:353n, 390, 468, 529n, 536n, 546n, 558, 573, 581, 586, 594, 598n, 602n; 7:220n, 231–232, 300n, 340n, 494n; 8:11, 20n, 40n, 51, 53, 59n, 514n, 579, 620, 626n, 722n, 818, 973; 9:122, 124–125, 127, 155n, 297n, 309, 310n, 317, 350n, 360n, 386, 511, 590c, 593c; 10:21n, 24n, 109n, 211, 213, 254, 579c, 588c, 608c

and additional income for AE,

8:52

AE on,

5:574

AE visits,

5:437; 8:11

AE’s Berlin appointment, discussion with Elsa Einstein on,

5:545n, 545

AE’s office in institute of,

5:604

atomic vibrations, paper on, AE on,

5:352

Berlin, urges AE to stay in,

10:xxxix, 395–396

Bohr, has lunch with in Dahlem,

10:322n

character of, AE on,

8:13; 9:280

on compressibility of monovalent metals,

9:85

Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, assumes chairmanship of,

8:32

discussion with AE in Karlsruhe,

5:378

Einstein-Marić and sons, offers temporary lodging to,

8:14, 45n, 1032

Einstein-Marić visits in Berlin,

5:570, 574

Elsa Einstein

discusses business matters with,

10:xlv, 275

as good friend of,

10:275

positive opinion on,

8:52

fame of,

5:575n

fears extradition as war criminal,

9:123n

friendship with AE,

9:126

GDNÄ meeting in Karlsruhe, paper at,

5:378n

about to go to Switzerland,

9:122

home address of,

8:14n

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, directorship of,

5:427n

on keeping AE in Germany,

9:109, 125

on keeping Debye in Germany,

9:269n

KWIP

Direktorium, member of,

8:527n

Kuratorium, member of,

8:571n

magnetic experiment of,

10:443

Maschinchen, interest in,

5:383

meeting with AE in Berlin,

5:457n, 467

Nobel Prize for,

9:308n

Nordström, helps,

8:619, 813;

AE’s thanks for,

8:620

PAW

nominated for membership of,

8:992c

nominates Sommerfeld and Debye for membership of,

9:410

photochemical equivalence, generalization of AE’s law of,

5:424–426

position in Berlin for AE, plans for creating,

5:510–512

quantum theory of solids,

5:377;

AE on,

379

on raising AE’s income,

10:395–396

Reichinstein on,

10:589c

on relation between frequency and heat production,

5:426

role of in bringing AE to Berlin,

8:13n

on salary raise for AE,

9:125–126, 196n

on sensitive areas on atoms,

8:30

separation of AE, involvement in,

8:45, 46, 47, 50, 56n, 257, 271n, 1033

on Stern’s paper on gas dissociation,

8:29

on Switzerland,

9:125

on Technische Nothilfe,

10:450–451

University of Berlin, successor to Fischer at,

9:487

Wildhagen’s dissertation, requests AE’s review of

9:122–123

work of

AE on,

5:418

Hopf on,

417

on zero-point energy,

5:539

Haber, Hermann (1902–1946),

8:85, 113

Haber-Born cycle, total energy change in,

9:281n

Haber-Immerwahr, Clara (1870–1915),

8:11, 44, 1032;

suicide of,

129

Haberlandstraße, as headquarters of KWIP,

8:571n. See also Berlin: residences of AE in

Haberlandt, Gottlieb (1854–1945), on appeal in favor of a republican constitution,

10:242–243

Haberlandt, Ludwig,

9:488n

Habicht, Conrad (1876–1958),

1:xl, 335, 336n

biography,

382; 2:xxiv, 221–222, 492n; 5:7n, 9, 40, 51, 100, 112, 118n, 152n, 154; 7:xxxiv; 8:402n, 815n; 9:128, 130–131, 450n, 574c; 10:130n, 205, 209, 213, 278

accident of,

5:82, 82n

AE invites,

5:23, 26, 28, 30, 43, 216, 230, 234, 250, 501, 522

AE visits,

10:97

dissertation of,

5:25n, 32n

doctorate of,

5:24n

engagement of,

5:476n

marriage of,

5:522n

Maschinchen, work with AE on,

5:169

move from Schiers to Schaffhausen,

5:35n

Olympia Academy, member of,

5:7n, 24n, 25

plays music with Kugler,

5:206

Schiers, teaching position in,

5:25n, 33n, 41n, 231n

scolded by AE,

5:24, 25, 28, 29, 31

sends book to AE,

5:234

Swiss Patent Office, possible appointment at,

5:32

Technikum Winterthur, recommended by AE for position at,

5:524

visits AE,

5:222

visits parents in Schaffhausen,

5:235n

Habicht, Conrad and Anna

AE invites,

5:557

AE visits with family,

5:556, 557n

Habicht, Conrad and Paul,

5:53, 408

AE invites,

5:56

AE’s work with,

5:81n

Maschinchen

completion of,

5:53

paper on,

5:53, 230

work on,

5:70, 234

Habicht, Conrad, Jr. (1914–1988),

10:97

Habicht, Emma Maria (1880–1954),

5:27n

Habicht, Ernst (1916–1993),

10:97

Habicht, Johann Conrad (1842–1931),

5:27n

Habicht, Paul (1884–1948),

2:221–222, 492n; 5:7n, 24n, 26, 51, 82, 114, 141, 169, 216, 250n, 438n, 501

AE invites,

5:234, 522

AE makes acquaintance of,

5:5n

departure from Bern,

5:27n

design for

alternating current recorder,

5:123

circuit breaker,

5:116–117

electrometer,

5:142–143

flying machine,

5:100–103, 109–111

relay,

5:24

telephone improvement,

5:112–113

vacuum pump,

5:126–128

voltmeter,

5:154

electrical waveforms, determination of,

5:383

electrolysis, on influence of pressure on,

5:154

on electrometer of Elster and Geitel,

5:383

ill,

5:140

Maschinchen,

5:99, 154

completion of,

5:140, 151n

demonstration of in Berlin,

5:54, 379, 381, 383n, 406, 437

gilding of,

5:406

improvement of,

5:338, 339

influence of electromagnetic waves on,

5:475

modification of,

5:141–142

patent application for,

5:219n

unwanted charges on,

5:340n, 383, 437

work on,

5:82, 90, 219, 222

Schaffhausen laboratory, location of,

5:82n

Technikum Winterthur, appointed at,

5:525n

unable to make drawing,

5:123

Habicht, Walter (1915–?),

1:337n; 10:97

Habicht-Kehlstadt, Anna (1888–1961),

5:476n, 501; 10:209, 213;

AE invites,

5:522

Habicht-Oechslin, Susanna (1850–1908),

5:27n

Hack, Karl,

8:1018c

Hadamard, Jacques (1865–1963),

9:614c; 10:339

Haeckel, Ernst (1834–1919),

9:348n

at beginning of WWI,

9:348

“materialism” of,

9:358

Haenisch, Konrad (1876–1925),

7:300n; 8:55n; 9:xliv, xlvii, 196n, 360n, 433, 478, 515n, 524n, 604c; 10:xl, 357

AE requests help to obtain apartment for Pauline Einstein from,

10:230n

on AE’s plans to leave Berlin,

10:xxxix, 414

annuls Nicolai’s expulsion from University of Berlin, AE’s thanks for,

9:474–475

approves special courses for foreign students at University of Berlin,

9:466

attacked by right wing,

9:477

congratulates AE on confirmation of light deflection prediction,

9:477

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:413–414

invites AE to visit,

9:477

redshift research, on state support for,

10:280–281

Häfliger-Stamminger, Hedwig (1879–1952),

10:231, 402

Haga, Herman (1852–1936),

5:325n; 8:873

Hagen, Aga von,

10:xliv

Hagenbach, August (1871–1955),

5:128n, 130n, 292, 293; 8:815n; 9:345n, 406n

interference phenomena, influence of absorption on,

5:129

Hägi, Henriette (1843–1906),

1:53n, 54, 246, 262, 272, 298, 299n, 373, 375

The Hague, AE plans visit to,

10:52

Hahn, E.,

9:606c

Hahn, Hans (1879–1934),

9:149n

Haider, Carl, requests information on KWIP funding,

9:551c

Haifa, Technion,

9:153n

Haigerloch,

10:446

Halberstädter, ?,

9:434n

Haldane, Lord Richard (1856–1928),

7:433n, 625, 627

Hale, George Ellery (1868–1938),

4:510n; 5:176, 180n, 328, 330, 560n, 567n

Hall, Edwin (1855–1938),

1:237

Hall effect,

10:xlvii, 337, 613

AE on,

10:494

and superconductivity, AE on,

10:519–520

Halle

position for astronomy in, AE on,

10:453

University of

(see University of Halle)

See also Als-Ob conference

Haller, Friedrich (1844–1936),

1:291n, 312, 313n, 328, 329n, 336, 339n; 5:23n, 32, 201n; 9:191n

AE on,

5:22

biography,

1:382–383

rehires Besso,

10:540

Swiss Patent Office

and AE’s promotion at,

5:29n, 39n

director of,

5:23n

Hallwachs, Wilhelm,

9:563c; 10:572c, 585c, 587c

requests KWIP funds for electrometer, granted,

9:613c;

rejected,

566c

Halm, Jacob (1866–1944),

5:323n

Hamburger, Margarete (1869–?),

8:723, 1024c;

dedications from AE,

9:593c

Hamel, Georg (1877–1954),

7:353, 357n; 9:454;

lectures on Weyl’s theory,

9:453

Hamilton, William Rowan (1805–1865),

3:8, 128n, 550

Hamilton’s equations,

2:52, 96n, 457–458; 3:244n, 562n; 5:18n

Hamilton-Jacobi theory,

6:556–557, 559–561, 575–577, 578n; 8:334–335, 387–388

Hamiltonian function, of gravitational field.

See Gravitational field: Hamiltonian of

Hamiltonian principle,

2:457; 9:35, 41, 209n

in theory of gravitation of De Donder,

8:303, 307

in theory of gravitation of Nordström,

8:369

See also Least action, principle of; Variational principle

Hammer publishing house.

See Publishers

Hammer, Wilhelm,

9:569c

requests KWIP funds for measurement of capacities and dielectric constants,

9:556c

granted,

9:560c

requests KWIP funds for measurement of electrical oscillations, granted,

9:567c

Händel, Georg Friedrich (1685–1759),

1:21n.

Hansen, Adolf (1851–1920),

8:887; 9:45n

Hansen, Klaus (1895–1971),

10:276n, 292

Hantke, Arthur (1874–1965),

8:773

Happel, Hans (1876–1946),

5:446n;

University of Zurich, candidacy for chair at, AEon,

5:445

Harden, Maximilian (1861–1927),

9:43n, 71

Hardt, Ernst,

9:350n

Hardy, E.,

7:480, 482n

Harmonic coordinate condition,

4:198, 245n, 246n, 248n, 252n

Harmonic oscillators.

See Oscillators: harmonic

Harms, Bernhard,

9:612c, 613c; 10:570c

Harms, Friedrich (1876–1946),

5:131, 308

experiments of, Laub on,

5:119

specific charge of electron, determination of,

5:115n

Harms, Karl (1876–1946),

9:74, 209;

in Bürgerwehr,

9:60

Harnack, Adolf von (1851–1930),

7:300n; 8:513, 527, 571, 1011c, 1012c; 9:108, 126n, 350n, 360n, 550c, 570c, 578c, 579c, 580c, 582c, 583c, 585c, 593c, 595c, 596c, 604c, 608c, 609c; 10:96, 473, 581c

invites to meeting on KWG salaries,

10:570c

KWIP

Direktorium and Kuratorium of, on meeting of,

8:529

formulates press announcement on foundation of,

8:570

Kuratorium of, member of,

8:571n

memorandum,

7:300n–301n

signs appeal of 30 June (Harnack-Fischer),

10:96

Harnack-Fischer appeal, on electoral reform in Germany,

10:96

Harpner, Gustav (1864–1924),

8:438n

Harress, Franz,

6:28n

dragging coefficient, experiment on,

6:26, 27, 28n, 43n

on optics of moving bodies,

9:207–209, 219

Hartmann, Alfred (1891–?),

9:192

Hartmann, Eduard (1874–1952),

8:439; 9:148n, 575c

on equivalence of gravitation and acceleration,

10:438–439

relativity, lectures on,

10:438

Hartmann, Hans (1874–1957),

10:87

Hartmann, Johannes (1865–1936),

9:25; 10:37n

abilities of,

8:322

Astrophysical Observatory, candidate for directorship of,

8:293

on position for Freundlich,

8:264, 277

Hartmann, Ludo (1865–1924),

9:277, 491

Hartmann und Braun A. G.,

5:154;

voltmeter of,

5:155n

Harzer, Paul (1857–1932),

6:28n; 8:393; 9:209n

on closed universe,

8:394n

dragging of light and aberration, paper on,

6:26–27, 28n, 42, 43n

on light velocity,

9:220

on stellar statistics,

8:394n

Hasenclever, Walter (1890–1940),

7:381n; 9:609c

Hasenöhrl, Friedrich (1874–1915),

2:589, 590n; 3:559–560; 4:507, 510n; 5:107n, 300, 302n, 322n, 411, 481n, 624c; 8:265n, 481, 560n; 10:39n, 323n

succeeds Boltzmann in Vienna,

5:413n

thermodynamics of moving systems, paper on, Laub on,

5:107

Hasse, Max,

9:592c

Haßler, Alfred (1879–?),

1:21

Hassler-Steidle, Vreneli,

1:309n

Hauck, ?,

9:556c

Hauler, Edmund,

8:265n

Hauptmann, Carl (1858–1921),

9:322, 323n

Hauptmann, Gerhart (1862–1946),

1:56; 9:350n

Hauschner, Auguste,

9:558c

Hauser, Walter,

1:240n

Hausmann,

3:576

Hausmann-Louis, Bertha (1854–1933),

5:114;

landlady of AE,

5:7n

Havel, P.,

10:xli;

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:594c

Haydn, Joseph (1732–1809)

Oratorio “The Creation,”

10:454

Hans Albert Einstein plays works by,

10:xxxii

Health Ministry in Germany, on individual caloric requirement,

10:123n

Heap, David (1843–1910),

7:480, 482n

Heat,

3:120, 128n, 220, 366, 457, 460, 508, 535

analogy between kinetic energy and,

1:92–94

atomic,

3:522, 544n

atomistic theory of,

2:53;

AE’s early interest in,

1:xl

conversion of energy into,

3:351

as cyclic process,

3:120, 129n

exchange of,

3:538

of fusion,

2:238–239

generation of,

1:324

Joule,

3:399n

kinetic theory of

(see Kinetic theory of heat)

latent

AE proposes experiments on,

1:236, 238, 283

connection with absorption spectra, AE on,

1:280

of solids, AE on,

1:287

mechanical equivalent of,

1:91, 134–138;

measurement by Joule of,

1:88–92

mechanical theory of,

1:121–123; 2:23, 40n, 317, 334, 351

molecular theory of,

2:47, 99–107, 137, 334–335, 377n, 379–380, 382, 387, 393, 399, 416, 491, 499

nature of,

1:83–94

radiation of

(see Heat radiation)

relativistic treatment of,

2:473–475

specific

(see Specific heat)

statistical theory of,

2:545

theorem, Nernst’s

(see Heat theorem of Nernst)

theory of,

2:xix, 42, 109, 328, 382–389, 430–431, 543; 6:21, 30, 395, 397, 577 (see also Thermodynamics)

of vaporization, of liquids,

1:130–147; 2:326 (see also Steam)

H. F. Weber’s lectures on,

1:63–147, 212

Heat capacity,

3:533, 537; 4:555, 557; 6:30; 7:328

Heat conduction,

1:63–65, 265, 292, 294n, 305; 3:183–184, 191, 461, 471–475, 477n, 514, 514n, 532, 534, 545n; 4:155, 527–528; 6:524–525, 577

of gases,

3:186

model for,

3:532

and quantum hypothesis,

3:477n

and temperature,

3:477n

See also Thermal conductivity

Heat conductivity

in metals, Besso on,

5:319

in quantum theory, AE’s results on,

5:303

Heat engines,

1:96, 106–109; 2:329. See also Carnot cycle

Heat loss,

1:79–83, 87–89

Heat radiation,

3:259–260, 268n, 503, 504n, 522

and equipartition theorem,

3:268n, 505n

vs. luminescence,

3:503

Heat reservoir,

2:94, 101, 107n

Heat theorem of Nernst,

3:xxi, xxii, 513, 513n, 514; 4:280, 554n, 556–557; 5:535; 6:30–38, 39n, 250, 252, 257, 261n; 8:8, 30n, 42, 65, 66, 67, 90, 125–126, 138, 143–144

AE on,

10:20, 23

for mixed crystals,

8:262, 263–264, 267–268, 272–273, 276

and lowest quantum states,

9:467

Nernst’s proof of

AE’s criticism of,

5:418, 437

controversy between AE and Nernst on,

5:419n, 451, 566n, 467

critical paper by AE on,

5:421n

Planck’s generalization of,

10:485, 548

and thermodynamics,

10:485, 499, 548

Heaviside, Oliver (1850–1925),

2:309n; 5:191n

electrostatic unit of,

4:9

Searle visits,

5:191

on superluminal velocity,

5:56

Heaviside-Hertz analogy.

See Duality of electricity and magnetism

Hebrew University of Jerusalem,

7:221, 230–231, 235–236, 430n, 435n–436n, 441n, 446–447n; 10:xl

AE on plans for,

9:578c

AE’s support of,

1:lx

AE’s tour of USA on behalf of,

7:443n

discussions on research vs, teaching at,

9:198n

Epstein prepared to teach at,

9:180

for East European Jewish students,

9:197, 198n

foundation stone laid,

9:254

founding of,

7:446; 9:153n, 197;

AE’s statement on,

9:601c

funding for by Zionist Organization,

9:364–365

as intellectual center of world Jewry,

9:240

involvement in of

Courant,

9:222, 240

Ehrenfest,

9:222, 240, 352

Epstein,

9:222, 240

Ornstein,

9:287, 316, 332, 415

Weizmann,

9:353n, 364

Medical College of,

7:436n

medical and microbiological institutes of,

7:446

Oriental institute of,

7:446–447n

research institutes of primary importance for,

9:332

scholars’ conference in Basel on,

9:212, 222, 227, 253–254, 271, 277, 287, 293, 298, 306, 316, 360, 588c, 596c

postponed,

9:326, 332, 339, 342, 352, 458n

program of,

9:240–241

Zionist Organization on,

9:153n

University Fund of,

7:234, 436n–437n, 624

See also Einstein, Albert: Jewish matters: Hebrew University

Hechingen,

1:lv; 10:435, 442, 445–446, 450n, 454

Hecke, Erich (1887–1947),

10:337

Hector (Greek mythology),

10:171n

Hecuba (Greek mythology),

10:171, 171n

Hedemünden lecture,

8:778

Hedinger, Friedrich,

1:246

Heffner, Fritz,

1:348, 349

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm (1770–1831),

8:865

Heger, Paul (1846–1925),

9:54, 113

Heidelberg,

1:58, 59, 211;

University of

(see University of Heidelberg)

Heilbronn,

10:95, 124, 128

AE visits mother in,

10:xxxiv

AE visits relatives in,

5:556n, 557

food supply in,

8:167

Heim, Albert (1849–1937),

1:43, 44, 363, 367; 5:503, 503n; 10:345

Heim, Karl (1874–1958),

8:887; 9:45n

Heine, Eduard (1821–1881),

1:262n, 305

Heine, Heinrich (1797–1856),

5:20, 325, 325n–326n, 518n; 8:87, 412, 413n, 858; 9:523n

poem on Buridan’s ass,

9:339

Heine, Wolfgang (1861–1944),

7:240n; 9:326n;

AE on,

9:326

Heinlein, Max Hussarek von (1865–1935),

5:256n, 433n

Heisenberg, Werner (1901–1976),

7:113

Heiskanen, Veiko (Weikko) (1895–1971),

7:425n

Helfferich, Karl (1872–1924),

8:1005c;

lawsuit of,

9:389n

Helfritz, Hans (1877–1958),

9:433, 466n

Heliostat,

7:xxx, 347

Helium, liquefied,

10:253n, 521n

Hellberg, ?,

9:133

Hellberg, Anna,

10:211, 214, 224

Heller, Ester,

9:611c

Heller, Helene-Irene (1913–?),

8:46

Heller, Robert (1876–1930),

5:313, 314n, 325, 326n, 346, 379n, 421n, 596n, 633c; 8:130, 145, 173; 10:19–20

abilities of, AE on,

8:204

dissertation, work on,

5:415n

illness of, AE on,

8:46

takes classes with AE,

5:595

on Zangger’s state of mind,

5:414

Heller, Sigismund,

3:580

Heller, Stephen (1813–1888),

9:90; 10:193

Heller-Chazrewin, Ester-Reizel (1886–?),

8:46

Helm, Georg (1851–1923),

2:207; 8:695; 9:116

Helmert, Friedrich (1873–1917),

8:594, 617, 625n, 717

Helmholtz, Hermann von (1821–1894),

1:235; 2:42; 3:116, 128n; 5:280, 281n, 511, 577; 6:279, 496; 7:505; 8:898; 10:395

AE’s reading of,

1:xxxix, 220, 221n, 226, 230, 238; 2:xxiv, xxv, 260

on foundations of geometry,

7:403n

publication on Goethe, AE’s review of,

6:569

on visualization of non-Euclidean space,

7:405n

Helmholtz, Ludwig (1821–1894),

9:127, 235

Helmholtz Prize

Planck nominated for,

8:993c

Sommerfeld nominated for,

8:1004c

Helsingfors (Helsinki), University of

(see University of Helsingfors)

Helsinki.

See Helsingfors

Henggeler, Oscar (1871–1929),

8:374n

Henkell, F. M., sends wine to AE,

10:575c

Henle, Jakob (1809–1885), AE reads book by,

8:495

Hennig, F., expresses sympathy for AE,

10:594c

Henri, Victor (1872–1940),

2:220–221, 559n; 9:204; 10:317

Heracles,

8:511n

Herbart, Johann Friedrich (1776–1841),

1:4

Hercules globular cluster,

9:278; 10:527n

Herder, Johann Gottfried von,

8:397

Herglotz, Gustav (1881–1953),

2:xvii; 3:478; 5:233n, 393; 8:277, 278n, 704, 712n; 9:415, 417n; 10:246

Ehrenfest’s stay with,

5:393n

mechanics of deformable bodies of,

8:368

on rigid motion in special relativity,

5:232; 10:8

on rigidity in special relativity,

9:473

as successor to Carathéodory,

9:352

Hering, Ewald (1834–1918),

8:364, 695

Hermann publishing house.

See Publishers

Herold, Curt,

1:321n

Herrigel, Hermann (1888–1973),

9:94

Herrmann, Elsa (1893–?),

7:332n; 10:335

Hertel, Eduard (1899–1954),

9:437

Hertling, Georg, Count von (1843–1919),

8:893n

Hertz, Gustav (1887–1975),

8:28, 32; 10:404, 418n

Hertz, Hans (1915–?),

8:161n

Hertz, Heinrich (1857–1894),

2:255–256, 503, 532; 3:133, 400n; 7:311, 321n, 462; 8:76

AE’s reading of,

1:xxxix, 7, 226; 2:xxiv, 75n, 259–260, 308n

on electrodynamics,

1:6, 7, 223–225, 226

on electromagnetic radiation from a dipole,

1:259n

on elementary magnets,

1:227n

See also Electrodynamics of moving bodies: Hertz’s theory of; Electrodynamics of moving media: Hertz’s theory of; Ether theory: Hertz’s; Maxwell-Hertz equations

Hertz, Helene (1891–1971),

8:161n

Hertz, Paul (1881–1940),

2:41, 53, 74n–75n, 96n; 3:314–315, 315n; 5:186n, 232, 257; 6:279, 385; 8:163, 180, 182; 9:75; 10:483n

on adapted coordinates,

8:160

AE invites to Zurich,

5:540

AE on,

5:189

AE’s accusation of lack of civil courage,

8:181

angry reaction at,

8:181

retracted,

8:182

on amnesty for Kelen,

10:473, 487

criticism of papers by AE,

5:250n

AE invites for discussion of,

5:250

AE’s response,

5:261

meeting with AE on,

5:251

experiment on electromagnetic waves,

4:487, 501n

on finding a practical job,

10:487–488

Laub on,

5:185

Patent Office, on finding a position at,

10:487

Siemens-Schuckert, applies for job at,

10:487

Hertz, Rudolf,

2:44

Hertzsprung, Ejnar (1873–1967),

8:323

abilities of,

322; 9:166, 199n, 216, 413, 502; 10:60, 226

on light deflection by Jupiter,

8:258

on positive results of 1919 solar eclipse expedition,

10:222n, 226

on trying to arrange Eddington meets AE,

9:182

Herzen, Alexander,

9:415

Herzen, Edouard, requests AE’s Solvay paper,

5:628c

Herzfeld, Karl (1892–1978),

2:41; 5:509, 509n, 540n; 8:21, 26; 9:439; 10:323n

on Einstein-De Haas effect,

10:531, 532, 549

Herzog, Albin (1852–1909),

1:11, 24, 240; 3:5; 5:222n

and AE’s ETH entrance examination,

1:10, 12–13, 24

AE’s study with,

1:212, 292n, 307, 308n, 364, 365

and Einstein-Marić’s ETH intermediate examination,

1:228, 229n

Herzog, Wilhelm (1884–1960),

8:947

Hess, Adolf (1879–1967),

5:90, 91n

Heß, Walter R. (1881–1973),

7:342–343n

Hessenberg, Gerhard (1874–1925),

7:79–80n

Hettner, Gerhard (1892–1968),

3:600; 10:598c, 602c, 605c, 606c

on infrared spectra of molecular gases,

10:297, 313

requests KWIP funds for studying infrared spectra of gases,

10:587c;

granted,

10:602c

Heuristic, AE’s use of term,

2:xxvii–xxviii, 150, 167n, 268, 410

Heuristics, AE’s,

3:xxvii, 178n, 423n, 488

Hibben, John (1861–1933),

10:1, 441, 471n, 490, 514, 539

on AE’s financial demands for U.S. lecture tour,

10:539

Princeton University, invites AE to,

10:441

Hilbert, David (1862–1943),

2:267; 5:439n; 6:130n, 325, 345n, 410; 7:101, 140n; 8:142, 194, 199, 201, 222, 264, 460, 569n, 607n, 646, 673, 687, 701, 702, 704, 714, 717, 736, 737, 740, 744, 805, 937, 942; 9:19n, 98n, 158n, 535, 564c, 602c; 10:36, 276, 377, 471, 516

AE

congratulates for paper on perihelion motion,

8:202

helps in finding position for Freundlich,

8:267n, 290

invites for recreation,

8:746, 774

invites to own lecture on unified field theory,

8:195, 199

invites to Wolfskehl lectures of Mie and Smoluchowski,

8:291, 293, 295, 453, 459, 462

on proposal of on international solidarity,

8:745–746

proposes as corresponding member of Royal Society of Göttingen,

8:222n

tension with,

8:211n

AE in agreement with,

8:295

AE requests contribution to book to support international relations,

8:736, 737;

declines,

745–746

AE thanks for hospitality,

8:277

AE visits,

8:142, 264

AE’s resentment toward,

8:222n;

conquered,

8:222

on axiomatic geometry,

7:403n

axiomatic method of,

8:366n

Congress of Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, lecture to,

10:127

Delbrück-Dernburg petition, signs,

8:146n, 176n

on difference between theories of Hilbert and AE,

8:196

“Entwurf” theory, reveals error in,

8:191, 277–278, 383

foreign colleagues, supports keeping good relations with,

8:145

general relativity, variational formulation of,

10:64

gravitation theory of, AE’s criticism of,

6:346n, 416n

invites AE to Wolfskehl meeting,

5:502n

Lehmann, on political stance of,

8:746

Mathematische Annalen, invites AE to join editorial board of,

9:317

Noether

invites to University of Göttingen,

8:292n

supports venia legendi for,

8:976

physical constants, on relationship between,

8:195

praised by AE,

8:145, 147, 154

requests AE’s opinion on

Born,

9:434–435

Stern,

9:464

requests reprints,

5:439

Schücking, on political stance of,

8:746

Schwarzschild, regrets death of,

8:291

suggests Wolfskehl lectures to Mie,

8:460n

theory of integral equations of,

9:50

theory of matter of,

7:131, 139n, 572n

Troeltsch, on political stance of,

8:746

unified field theory of,

8:195, 196n, 217, 288, 289

energy-momentum conservation in,

8:289, 291, 293–294, 295

geodesic frame in,

8:436

Hamiltonian for matter in,

8:364, 366

polars (“Polarenprozess” ) in,

8:289, 290n, 291

theory of matter of Mie, relation to,

8:216

University of Bern

receives call to,

10:205

regrets rejecting offer from,

9:464

University of Göttingen

on keeping Debye at,

9:317

on theoretical physics at,

9:460, 464

visits Switzerland,

9:87

Weber, on political stance of,

8:746

Weyl’s unified field theory, accepts,

8:879

Hilbert energy vector,

8:833, 917, 932, 936–937, 938, 942–943, 975

Hilbert, Käthe (1864–1945),

8:197n;

praises AE for modesty,

8:291

Hilgert, Heinrich,

1:liii

Hiller, Kurt (1885–1972),

8:868, 871; 9:106n

Himstedt, Franz, requests KWIP funds for meteorological station,

9:556c;

rejected,

561c

Himstedt, Friedrich (1852–1953),

7:110

Hindenburg, Paul von (1847–1934), and “stab-in-the-back” legend,

9:238n

Hippocrates, on heredity,

10:92

Hirn, Carl,

8:370, 371

Hirn, Gustave Adolfe (1815–1890),

1:86–88

Hirsch, Arthur (1866–1948),

1:362, 363, 364, 367, 368

Hirschberg, Julius (1843–1925),

7:448n

Hirschberg, Käthe,

5:555n

Hirschmann, Christoph,

1:347

Hirzel publishing house.

See Publishers

History of science, Varićak on,

10:6n

Hnatek, Adolf (1876–1960),

9:336

Hochberger, Auguste (1867–1936),

5:559n, 586n; 8:731, 732; 9:119, 138, 201; 10:122, 231

Einstein, Pauline

offers condolences on death of,

9:442

financial difficulties in visiting,

10:215–21

visits,

9:147, 172; 10:218

Hochberger, Siegfried (1887–?),

10:122

Hochberger, Victor (1869–1918),

8:731

Hochdorf, Max (1880–1948),

9:33

Hochheim, Ernst (1876–?),

9:177; 10:372

Hochschulbücherei, Marburg, requests permission to transcribe Einstein 1917a into Braille script,

10:589c;

granted,

10:589c

Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums, Berlin,

7:448n; 8:892n

Hochschule für Proletarier, AE on,

9:299

Höchwald sanatorium, Arosa,

8:455n, 659n, 939n; 10:xxxiv, 86n, 90n, 93n, 103n, 104n, 105n, 110n, 134n, 137n, 145n, 146n, 170n

Hodann, Max (1894–1946),

9:43n, 71, 422n

Hodograph,

3:14, 126n

Hoefft, Franz von,

8:1018c

Hoff, ?,

10:442

Hoff, Jacobus van ’t (1852–1911),

1:265; 2:6, 171, 221; 5:511, 534, 537, 537n, 549n; 9:502

position at PAW,

5:513n, 534n

See also Osmotic pressure: Van ’t Hoff’s law of; Solutions: Van’t Hoff’s theory of

Hoffmann, Arthur (1857–1927),

10:183

Hoffmann, Johannes,

9:63n

Hofmann, W.,

4:498

Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (1874–1929),

9:392, 394

Hofsäss, Max,

9:570c, 574c

Hohenzollern dynasty,

8:171n. See also Wilhelm II; Wilhelm, Crown Prince

Hohl, Kuno (1876–1940),

5:396;

Swiss Telegraph Administration, resignation from,

5:396n

Holder, Roland,

9:69; 10:192;

on Hans Albert Einstein,

9:78

Hole argument,

4:297–298, 300, 485n, 574, 577n, 580, 582n, 622n; 5:563n, 564n; 6:10, 18n, 130n; 7:42n, 378n; 10:27

Holism,

7:404n

Holländer,

10:452

Hollnagel, H.,

3:413n, 445n; 10:18n;

experiments on residual rays,

5:395n

Holst, Helge (1871–1944),

10:332

on mistakes in Moszkowski’s book on AE,

10:604c, 605c

paper by,

9:351;

Schlick on,

529

on relativity,

10:341

Holtzmann, Robert (1873–1946),

9:106

Homogeneity.

See Space: homogeneity of; Space and time: homogeneity of; Time: homogeneity of

Hondros, Demetrios (1882–1962), appointment in Athens,

5:417, 418n

Hoop, van der, ?,

5:578

Hoover, Herbert (1874–1964),

7:332n

Hopf, Elise (1865–1936),

5:249n, 267n, 484n

Hopf, Hans (1854–1918),

5:249n, 267n, 484n, 563n

Hopf, Ludwig (1884–1939),

2:170, 180–181, 551n; 3:xx, xxvi, 178n, 259–267, 268n, 270–280, 281n–282n, 416, 418n, 505n, 574, 576, 580; 4:272, 273, 280; 5:242n, 252, 515n; 7:343n; 8:8n, 9, 66n, 875n; 9:404; 10:12, 21n

AE invites,

5:242

checks AE’s viscosity calculations,

5:267, 269n, 271

collaboration

with AE in Prague,

5:254, 335

with Meyer,

5:417

congratulates AE on appointment at ETH,

5:416

engagement, AE’s congratulations on,

5:483

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:405–406

GDNÄ meeting in Karlsruhe, paper at,

5:336n

hydrodynamics, work on,

5:416

invites AE,

5:249, 562

marriage,

5:501

papers with AE,

4:202n, 272, 280–283; 6:199, 398n; 8:133n

requests picture of AE,

5:335

Royal Aircraft Factory, works in,

8:426

sends gifts,

5:266

Technische Hochschule Aachen

activities at,

5:335

appointment at,

5:336n

visits parents in Nürnberg,

5:267n

Horace,

8:816n

Hornbostel, Erich von (1877–1935),

7:478n

Hort, Wilhelm (1878–1938),

9:250;

on Lense-Thirring effect,

9:xli

Hosking, ?,

2:348

Hotel Bristol,

8:385n

Hotel Gebhart,

8:142

Hubble, Edwin (1889–1953),

6:517

Huber, Albert,

1:241

Huber, Frieda (1880–?),

9:129–131, 139n, 147, 171, 219n, 304n

arrives in Berlin,

9:339, 592c

offers to accompany Pauline Einstein to Berlin,

10:229–230

Huber, Rudolf, lecture by,

5:618c, 620c

Huguenin, Gustav (1840–1920),

5:596, 597n, 602; 8:118, 331; 9:512; 10:48, 58, 160

anxious about Weyl’s health,

10:512

Huguenin pastry shop,

5:578

Humboldt, Alexander von (1769–1859),

1:lxii, 291n; 9:476;

AE’s reading of,

2:xxvii

Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1767–1835),

9:476

Hume, David (1711–1776),

6:279, 523; 7:59n; 8:544

AE’s reading of,

2:xxiii–xxiv, xxv, 260

influence on AE,

8:220, 346

philosophy of,

8:347n, 818

Humm, Rudolf (1895–1977),

8:827

on boundary conditions at infinity,

8:606–607, 612–613

Hungarian Soviet Republic,

10:xlii

people’s commissars of: trial of,

10:605c;

pardon for,

484, 611c

Hunger

in Germany,

9:xlii, 29, 253;

AE on,

139, 260, 496, 498

in Russia,

9:204

Hunziker, Jakob (1827–1901),

1:17n, 28n, 359, 360

Hupka, Erich (1884–1919),

8:908

experiments of,

3:173

specific charge of electron, determination of,

5:187n, 190n;

AE’s knowledge of,

189

Hurwitz, Adolf (1859–1919),

5:212n, 307, 479; 8:17, 498; 9:11n, 271; 10:202, 206

AE thanks for hospitality,

8:18

AE’s attempts to find position as Assistent with,

1:44, 262, 269n, 375, 379

AE’s courses with,

1:212, 362, 363, 364

appointment with AE,

5:212

plays music with AE,

5:308n

teaching replacement of,

5:627c

Hurwitz, Eva (1896–1942),

8:17; 10:206, 210

AE invites,

9:572c

AE’s condolences on death of husband,

9:242

Hurwitz, Ida (1864–1951),

8:17, 18n; 9:241, 572c; 10:159

Hurwitz, Lisbeth (1894–1983),

8:17, 312n, 341n; 10:210;

diary of,

10:105n

Hurwitz, Otto (1898–?),

8:17; 10:210

Hurwitz, Siegmund (1904–1994),

10:104

Hurwitz family, AE discusses separation from Einstein-Marić with,

10:103–104

Hussarek, Max.

See Heinlein, Max Hussarek von

Husserl, Edmund (1859–1938),

7:80n

Huth, Erich F. Co.,

7:365–366

Huygens, Christiaan (1629–1695),

7:245; 9:502

Huygens’s principle,

3:494; 4:548–549; 5:182; 6:237, 336

compatibility with quantum hypothesis, AE on,

5:245

Hydrates,

2:172

Hydrathüllen.

See Molecular aggregates combined with water

Hydration

role in dissociation and solubility,

5:14, 16n

treatment in AE’s dissertation,

5:16n

Hydrodynamics,

3:6; 4:185; 6:525, 553–554, 576; 10:1, 282

classical,

2:170, 171

and general relativity,

6:73, 102–105, 325, 326–327

Hopf’s work on,

5:416

of incompressible liquid,

2:177

Navier-Stokes equations of,

2:203n

relativistic,

4:3–6, 98–101, 517–519

and size of ions,

5:17

of solutions,

2:186

Stokes’s law in

(see Stokes’s law of hydrodynamic friction)

stresses in,

2:177

Von Kármán’s work on,

5:416

See also Euler’s equations (hydrodynamics); Maxwell hydrodynamics

Hydrogen

artificial production of,

10:595c

at low temperatures,

10:17;

viscosity of,

500n

liquid,

10:521n

mass of,

6:364, 370n

specific heat of,

3:547n–548n, 558, 562n; 4:270–273, 6:146, 260–261, 261n; 10:356, 443

AE’s and Stern’s quantum theory of,

4:554, 276–280; 5:467, 509

AE’s theory of,

5:395

Eucken’s measurements of,

4:278, 279, 553n; 5:391, 395, 467, 509n, 579; 6:261n

Hydrogen molecule, moment of inertia of, AE on,

9:439n

Hydrosols, metallic,

2:219

Hydrostatics,

4:521, 529

Hypnotism,

1:318–319

Hypothesis

ad hoc,

3:443

counterfactual,

3:528, 545n, 556

definition of,

8:890

value of,

8:862

working,

3:458n

Hysteresis,

3:223, 226, 351, 375

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

I

Ideal gas,

2:68, 114, 221; 3:179, 204–205, 212–213, 521–524; 7:425n

deviations from,

1:292

entropy of,

2:578; 6:257–261

equation of state of,

3:242n; 4:525

mixture of,

3:307

pressure of,

3:180

quantum theory of,

6:261n

Ignatowsky, Waldemar von (1875–1923),

3:478; 5:251n;

relativistic rigid body, paper on,

5:251n;

AE’s objections to,

5:251

Iliad,

10:171n

Imes, Elmer (1882–1941), measurement of rotation bands,

9:458n

Impenetrability of matter,

8:706

Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vienna,

8:756n

Imthurneum, Winterthur,

1:321n

Incompressibility condition,

2:95n–96n, 108n;

AE’s use of,

5:17 See also Continuity equation; Liouville’s theorem

Independent Socialists.

See Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands

Independent Socialists.

See Social Democratic Party: German Independent

Index of refraction.

See Light: refraction of

Induction,

3:122, 255

between massive shell and point mass,

4:127, 175–178, 295, 436

electric,

3:369

Faraday’s law of,

2:262–263, 502n; 3:370; 4:11; 6:265; 7:264

magnetic,

4:11, 19

mutual,

3:377

unipolar,

2:309n

See also Electromagnetic induction; Electrostatic induction; Self-induction

Induction machines

use in electrostatics,

5:51

use in twentieth century,

5:52

Inductive machines,

2:492n

Inertia,

4:295, 538, 586, 613; 6:4, 532; 7:535–536, 592, 606, 616

AE on origin of,

5:532

in classical mechanics,

8:437

of electric energy in crystal,

8:818

of electromagnetic energy

(see Electromagnetic energy: inertia of)

of energy

(see Energy: inertia of; Equivalence of mass and energy)

Galilean law of

(see Galilean mechanics: basic law of)

gravitation and,

4:298, 299, 548, 569

as interaction,

7:370, 394 (see also Gravitational field: as inductive effect)

law of, and causality,

10:300

moments of,

3:70–72

principal axes of,

3:72, 81–82, 101, 103, 105

relativity of,

4:194, 433n, 484, 498–500; 6:523, 544–546, 552n; 7:xxxiii, 42n, 354, 431, 563; 8:240, 287, 358, 361n; 9:110–111, 117–118, 247

transport of from distant masses,

8:358

See also Equivalence principle; Mass: equality of inertial and gravitational

Inertial ellipsoid,

3:72, 107

Inertial frame.

See Frame of reference, inertial

Inertial mass.

See Equivalence of mass and energy; Mass, equality of inertial and gravitational

Inertial system, term first introduced,

8:447, 448n. See also Frame of reference: inertial

Infeld, Leopold (1898–1968),

7:288n

Infinity and finiteness,

8:645, 656, 679

Influenza epidemic,

10:xxxv

in Germany,

8:847, 911, 939, 961; 10:170n

in Switzerland,

8:851, 884, 911, 940; 10:169, 173n, 181, 187

Information and Aid Agency for Germans Abroad and Foreigners in Germany.

See Auskunfts- und Hilfstelle für Deutsche im Ausland und Ausländer in Deutschland

Infrared radiation.

See Radiation: infrared

Infrared spectra of molecular gases, Hettner on,

10:297

Inheritance

of acquired characteristics,

9:506

of dialects,

9:505–506

Initial conditions.

See Boundary conditions

Institut für Radiumforschung,

7:279n

Institut international de physique Solvay,

8:915; 9:114, 115n; 10:302

Institut international du froid,

10:xlvi

Institut Pasteur,

9:333

Institute of Radium Research, Vienna, Lawson’s wartime work at,

9:436

Instruments, scientific.

See Measuring instruments

Insulator,

3:341, 344, 471–475, 476n–477n

thermal,

1:76–79, 81–83

thermal properties of,

3:473, 514, 529

Integration, mechanical device for,

4:600, 606, 607n; 8:59–60, 61

Intellectuals, past and current, AE on,

9:264

Intellectus et Labor, Rubakin’s institute,

9:576c

Interaction

between electron and an atom,

3:514n

of matter and radiation,

2:xvii–xviii, 134, 141, 150, 167n, 383, 483, 548, 553n, 585–586

between molecules,

3:403, 410, 420, 461, 507n

between permanent magnets and current,

3:375

of oscillator with radiation field,

3:270–271, 476n, 507

range of,

3:414n

thermal,

3:538, 542

of two circuits,

3:376

Interference,

acoustic,

8:16

of light

(see Light: interference of)

Interference phenomena, incompatibility with light quantum, AE on,

5:465

Intermolecular force

(see Molecular force)

International Agency for Prisoners-of-War,

8:103n

International Committee of the Red Cross,

9:205n

International Congress on Mathematics, Strasbourg (1920),

10:305

International Electrical Exhibition, Munich (1882),

1:li

International Institute of Physics.

See Institut international de physique Solvay

International reconciliation

AE’s doubts on,

9:134–135

through personal contacts, AE on,

9:135, 511

International Red Cross,

8:64n, 103n, 110

International relations of scientists.

See Scientific exchange, international

International Research Council,

7:363n

International Society of Amateur Astronomers (Ingedelia), popular lectures of,

9:613c

International solidarity,

8:736, 737, 740

AE’s proposal for statements on,

8:736

doubts on of: Hilbert

8:745–746, 774;

Troeltsch,

8:747–748

Internationale Frauenliga für Frieden und Freiheit,

9:34n, 203n

Internationale Schule Protestantischer Familien in Mailand,

1:liii, 389

Internationale Vereinigung für Mutterschutz und Sexualreform,

9:34n

Internationalism, and Jewishness, AE on,

9:181

Interval

space-time

(see Invariant space-time interval)

spatial and temporal,

2:265, 308n

Intuition,

7:xxxvi, 57, 219–220n

Invariance

proof of from consciousness,

8:801

of similarity,

8:777, 804

See also Symmetry

Invariance properties,

2:302, 308n, 366, 438, 474, 504; 3:442, 447

Invariant distance

Euclidean,

7:262–263, 374, 408, 502

in Galilean space-time,

7:516

Invariant space-time interval,

4:44, 309, 311, 319, 324, 325, 336, 476, 480, 490, 494, 495, 574, 590, 594–595, 619; 6:76–77, 88–89, 126, 292–293, 295, 301–302, 305, 334, 412, 484–485, 531, 544, 548; 7:93, 352, 451, 528, 539–540

criterion for Euclidean,

6:96

in general relativity,

7:276–277, 377, 409

not given with space-time continuum,

7:412

spacelike,

6:121–122, 127, 293; 7:264

in special relativity,

6:76, 77, 84, 88, 121–122, 292–293, 486, 531; 7:255, 263, 374, 408, 523

of spherical space,

6:549

timelike,

6:121–122, 127, 130n, 293; 7:264

Invariant tori,

6:567n

Invariant volume element,

6:83–85, 216, 303, 304; 7:156, 505–506, 528, 533, 543

Invariantentheorie, Felix Klein’s use of term,

2:254

Invariants, adiabatic,

3:562n; 4:272

Ioffe, Abram (1880–1960),

5:427; 8:11n, 42n; 10:404, 426n, 517;

possible candidate for succession of Debye in Zurich,

5:428n; 9:415

Ion,

6:454

as carrier of heat,

2:386

as clock,

2:444

contribution of to specific heat of solids,

2:386

migration velocity of,

2:500, 502n

mobility of,

2:497–498; 9:460

oscillating,

2:543, 573

positive

(see Canal rays)

resonator as,

2:351

size of, calculation of,

5:17

size of, in solutions,

2:178

theory,

2:178, 235n;

AE’s study of,

1:267

Ionic hydrates,

2:178

Ionization

by gamma rays, AE on,

5:284

of gases

(see Gas: ionization of)

Iring, G.,

9:192

Irreversibility,

2:217–218, 246, 376; 3:236, 246n, 288–289, 314, 550

apparent,

3:289

Boltzmann principle and,

3:xxvii

Born on,

10:516

See also Change of state: irreversible; Thermodynamics, second law of

Isensee, Hermann, requests KWIP funds for telescope and color photography,

8:1023c

Ishiwara, Jun (1881–1947),

5:262n, 540n

ponderomotive force of, AE on,

5:261

“Isms,” philosophical,

8:885, 890

Isobaric process.

See Change of state: isobaric

Isola Bella,

1:261

Isola della Scala, province of Verona, Italy,

1:lv, 281n, 375

Isomery, of mixed crystals,

10:499

Isopycnic process.

See Change of state: isopycnic

Isothermal change of state.

See Gas: isothermal change of state of

Isothermal condition,

4:245n

Israel und Levi, feather-bedding firm, Ulm,

1:1

Istanbul

Robert College,

9:213n

University of

(see University of Istanbul)

Italy.

See World War I

Itelson, Gregorius,

6:535n; 10:605c

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

J

J. Einstein & Cie., Munich,

1:li, lii, liii

Jaberg, Karl (1877–1958),

5:115n

Jabotinsky, Vladimir (1880–1940),

9:198n

Jacobi’s equations,

5:17; 7:152

Jacobi’s rule for determinants,

6:303, 304

Jacobi’s theorem,

6:556, 565, 567n, 578n;

derivation of,

6:575–577

Jacobson, Victor (1869–1935),

9:181n

Jaeger, Frans (1877–1945), literature on dissociation of electrolytes,

10:575c

Jaeger, Wilhelm (1862–?),

6:273, 275, 276n

Jaffé, George (1880–1965),

9:349

Jäger, Gustav (1865–1938),

4:507, 509, 510n; 9:398–399, 428

Jagor Foundation,

8:564; 9:569c

Jahnke, Eugen,

9:297n, 309

Jahnke, Paul (1861–1921),

8:600, 671

Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik,

5:74n; 7:104

AE’s paper for,

5:74, 76, 76, 77, 78, 82

corrections and additions to,

5:106

Stark’s thanks for,

5:97n

Jakob, Max (1879–1955),

9:14; 10:189

reviews Einstein 1917a,

10:163

on twin paradox,

10:189

James, William (1842–1910),

8:543

Janke, Johannes (1884–1969),

9:34

Jannasch, Lilli,

8:186

Japanese navy, and German navy,

9:237

Jaumann, Gustav (1863–1924), University of Prague, candidacy for chair at,

5:247n;

declines offer,

5:256n

Jaurès, Jean (1859–1914),

10:408;

AE on assassination of,

8:173

Jean Paul (Richter, Friedrich),

8:397

Jeans, James (1877–1946),

2:137, 142, 144, 145, 146, 167n, 542, 543, 549, 551n, 552n; 3:250, 253n, 280, 476n, 506n; 5:42n, 299, 300, 301n, 349; 7:410n; 8:445n; 9:370n; 10:380

dimensional argument in radiation theory,

5:166;

AE’s use of,

5:167

displacement law, derivation of,

5:84n

and Planck’s law,

2:144

radiation theory of,

6:35, 39n

relativity principle, derivation of,

5:83

Third Solvay Congress, invited to,

10:303

See also Black-body radiation: Rayleigh-Jeans law for

Jeans law.

See Black-body radiation: Rayleigh-Jeans law for

Jeans-Lorentz law,

2:543, 551n. See also Black-body radiation: Rayleigh-Jeans law for

Jebenhausen,

1:xlix

Jeffery, George (1891–1957),

10:524

on English edition of Lorentz et al. 1920,

10:524

proposes edition of selected papers by AE,

10:602c

Jensen, Christian,

9:569c

requests KWIP funds for atmospheric physics,

9:565c;

rejected,

9:566c; 10:570c

Jerusalem, Hebrew University of.

See Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Jerusalem, Wilhelm (1854–1923),

8:480

Jewell, Lewis E.,

9:xxxvii;

redshift of solar spectral lines, discovery of,

5:313n

Jewish autonomy,

8:964n

Jewish Chronicle,

7:429n

Jewish Community of Berlin.

See Jüdische Gemeinde Berlin

Jewish Congress in Germany,

8:964n

Jewish Correspondence Bureau,

7:236, 429n, 447n

Jewish Gymnasium, in Poland,

8:772

Jewish Hospital, Berlin,

8:930n

Jewish Labor Bureau.

See Jüdisches Arbeitsamt

Jewish nationality, concept of,

7:289–290, 428. See also Nationalism: Jewish

Jewish question,

7:221–236

Jewish religion, AE’s indifference to,

7:227, 428

Jewish students, eastern European,

9:231n, 433;

courses for,

xlvii, 523

Jewish teacher training college,

8:773

Jewish Territorial Organization,

9:417n

Jews

AE on,

9:16, 230n, 494–495

in America,

7:430n, 623

assimilation of

(see Assimilation)

characteristic features of,

7:289–290

comparable positions of in Russia, Germany, England, and the U.S.,

7:427

eastern European

(see Jews of eastern Europe)

emancipation of in kingdom of Württemberg,

7:440n

in Great Britain,

7:429n

historical account of, in Germany,

7:427

influence of in Germany,

7:427

intermarriage with Gentiles of, AE on,

9:294

ostracized from Germany,

9:243

racialist influence on AE,

7:294

solidarity with, AE on,

9:495

See also Anti-Semitism; Einstein, Albert: Jewish matters

Jews of eastern Europe,

9:197, 198n, 227, 352

AE’s identification with,

7:227

deportation of, contemplated,

7:241n

flight of from pogroms,

7:241n

in Germany,

9:327n

immigration of conflated with that of ethnic Germans,

7:238, 241n

internment camps for,

7:238, 240n, 428

numbers of in Berlin,

7:238

occupational structure of,

7:240n

as scapegoats,

7:238, 240n, 291, 428

state-sanctioned courses for,

7:288n, 428

wartime labor of,

7:239; 7:241n

Joël, Kurt, interview with AE,

9:589c

Joffe, Abram.

See Ioffe, Abram

Johannsen, Wilhelm (1857–1927),

9:506

Johns Hopkins University,

8:437n

Johnsen, Arrien (1877–1934),

9:74, 75

Jonasen, Jonas,

10:246n

Jong van Beek en Donk, Benjamin de (1881–1948),

9:231;

and Lille booklet,

9:232

Jonsson, Axel,

9:597c

Joseph, ?,

9:185

Josephson, Ernst,

9:572c

Joule, James Prescott (1818–1889),

1:84–86, 88–89, 91–92

Journalists,

7:210, 214, 442–443

Jubiläumsstiftung der Deutschen Industrie,

8:822

Jüdische Gemeinde Berlin, requests congregational tax from AE,

10:611c;

AE declines,

10:534;

second request,

10:550

Jüdische Rundschau,

8:963

Jüdisches Arbeitsamt (Jewish Labor Bureau),

7:239, 241n

Julius, Louise (1901–1982),

5:348n; 10:225, 252n, 262

Julius, Maria (1894–1977),

5:348n; 10:225, 252n, 262

Julius, Willem (1898–?),

5:348n

Julius, Willem H., (1860–1925),

4:511n; 5:312n, 348n, 360n, 386n, 388, 500n; 6:539n; 9:145, 247, 269n, 470, 498; 10:xlix, 242, 247, 326, 424, 465, 518

AE plays music at home of,

10:224–225, 262, 277

AE visits in Utrecht,

5:345, 346, 347

approached by Weyland for anti-relativity lecture,

10:406–407

friendship with AE,

5:348n

on health of family,

10:407

meets with Debye in Bern,

5:386

optical phenomena in solar atmosphere, theory of,

5:313n, 317n

AE on,

5:327, 347, 357

observational support for,

5:355

reactions to,

5:316

recommends AE for Nobel Prize,

9:418n, 597c

redshift, on anomalous dispersion as cause of,

9:xxxvii, 248, 267, 287;

AE on,

9:272

redshift, gravitational,

5:323; 10:309, 311, 346

assesses evidence regarding,

10:248–251

requests AE’s opinion on abilities of

Debye,

5:354

Keesom, Ornstein, and Van Laar,

5:369

requests proofs back from AE,

5:386

thanks AE for portrait,

10:310

University of Utrecht

fears Keesom’s appointment at,

5:369

meets with Lorentz on vacancy at,

5:363

offers AE chair at,

5:325

regrets AE’s declining chair at,

5:354

See also Einstein, Albert: Career: University of Utrecht; University of Utrecht: vacant chair at

Juliusburger, ?,

9:459n

Julius-Einthoven, Betsy (1867–1945),

5:348n; 10:252n, 424;

invites AE to visit and play music,

10:597c

Jung, Giuseppe (1845–1926),

1:282, 285, 287

Junghans, ?, requests KWIP funds,

8:1014c

Jupiter

deflection of light rays passing

(see Gravitational light deflection: by Jupiter)

eclipses of moons of,

6:136

satellites of,

10:516

Just, Gerhard (1877–?),

5:513, 514n

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

K

Kać (formerly Káty, Hungary),

1:xxxvii, 59n, 225n, 228, 268, 321

residence of Marić family,

5:115n

stay of Einstein family in,

5:556

Kafka, Franz,

8:337n

Kahn, Bertha,

5:541

Kahn, Emma,

5:541

Kaiser, Josef,

9:604c, 608c;

requests KWG research funds for producing electrical power directly from heat, pending,

9:609c

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft (KWG),

7:211n, 494n; 8:471n; 10:97n, 199n

administrative correspondence,

10:581c

application for research funds for producing electrical power directly from heat,

9:604c;

pending,

609c

beer party of,

9:578c

directors’ conference, AE attends,

10:605c, 606c

and funding of KWIP,

9:570c

new regulations of after abdication of Wilhelm II,

9:550c

proposal to double budget of Einstein’s institute,

7:363n

senate of,

8:513n

tenth anniversary of,

7:424n

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Biologie,

7:448n

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Chemie,

5:512, 514n; 8:875n;

founding of,

5:260n

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Experimentelle Therapie,

7:448n

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Physik (KWIP),

7:424n, 494n; 8:12n, 41n, 513n, 598, 758

account statements of,

9:561c, 609c, 593c; 10:603c

administrative correspondence of,

8:1017c, 1030c; 9:554c, 559c, 564c, 565c, 566c, 569c, 570c, 575c, 576c, 577c, 579c, 585c, 586c, 587c, 591c, 595c, 600c, 606c, 608c, 615c; 10:572c–573c, 575c–577c, 582c, 584c–585c, 587c–588c, 592c–593c, 598c, 605c–606c, 609c–610c, 613c

AE as director of,

8:1009c, 1011c; 9:xlvii–xlviii

AE’s salary as director of,

10:598c

allocation of funds by, criticism of,

9:68

appropriation conditions of grants,

10:576c

budget of,

9:559c, 563c, 566c, 569c, 609c

budget for 1920,

10:577c, 605c, 606c;

to be doubled,

578c

call for research proposals,

9:73, 555c

contract of with Debye,

8:821–822, 823, 866, 866, 876

contract with Freundlich,

8:563–564, 579–580, 589, 593, 609, 613, 876

contribution requested from for 10th anniversary of KWG,

10:608c

Direktorium of,

8:527, 530n, 1010c

AE member of,

8:527n

AE requests meeting of,

8:527

decision on secretary’s salary,

10:584c

endowment for, by Koppel,

9:13n

establishment of,

8:513, 992c, 1008c, 1009c, 1010c

Haider request for information on funding,

9:551c

Kuratorium of,

8:530n, 571n, 620

administrative correspondence of,

10:579c, 590c, 592c, 605c

and Direktorium, meeting of,

8:529

doubles AE’s salary,

10:572c

on support of research of Laue,

8:621n

meeting on establishment of,

10:108;

AE participates in,

10:109n

Mie inquires about research funds of,

9:98

planned creation of,

5:534n, 549n, 561, 565, 598n, 602n, 635c; 8:12n, 40n, 471n

policy of funding, changes in,

9:568c

press announcement on,

8:527, 570, 571n, 578

promised to AE,

10:68

purpose of,

8:528n, 876

remuneration for Radtke,

9:563c, 598c, 602c

report for 1918 requested,

9:13

report for 1919,

10:598c, 605c, 606c

report on activities of,

8:876

secretary for,

8:570, 758n;

salary raise of,

9:579c

solicits research grant applications,

8:1013c, 1014c

transformer on short-term loan: given

10:584c;

requested back,

611c,

Debye on,

612c;

request retracted,

613c

typewriter for,

9:556c, 559c, 561c

working committee of,

8:530n

See also Freundlich, Erwin; Goldstein, Eugen, Kohn, Hedwig; Krüger, Louis; Lenz, Wilhelm; Magnus, Alfred; Pohl, Robert; Regener, Erich; Rosenberg, Hans; Rubens, Heinrich; Schuh, Friedrich; Seeliger, Rudolf; Seemann, Hugo; Steubing, Walter; Wagner, Ernst; Warburg, Emil; Weigert, Fritz

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie,

5:353n, 529n, 575n, 595n; 7:220n; 8:14n, 20n, 30n, 43

AE’s office in,

5:511, 604n

Haber’s directorship of,

5:353n, 427n

official opening of,

5:427n

Kalähne, Alfred (1874–1946),

9:127

Kaluza, Theodor (1885–1954),

7:562; 9:xli, l–li, 76, 81n

five-dimensional unified field theory of,

9:1, 38–40, 44, 46, 56–57, 65–68;

general covariance of,

56;

AE on,

39

Kamerlingh Onnes, Catharina (1861–1936),

10:465, 469n

Kamerlingh Onnes, Elisabeth (1897–?),

10:469n

Kamerlingh Onnes, Harm (1893–1985),

10:469n, 518, 604c

AE visits,

10:270

has good memories of AE,

10:519

on playing music with AE and Ehrenfest,

10:519

sends color reproductions of his portraits of AE,

10:518–519

Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike (1853–1926),

1:288–289; 3:283, 501, 504n, 513n, 548n, 558, 562n; 5:269n, 281, 287, 300, 325, 349, 361, 386, 410, 413, 522n; 8:84, 465; 9:55, 150, 247, 362, 414, 422n, 457, 469–470, 471n, 497; 10:xliii, xliv, 298, 303n, 313, 367, 389, 437, 469, 470, 518

AE

congratulates,

9:582c

discussion with on low temperature physics,

9:321, 363, 418

helps get Dutch visa,

9:182–183, 482, 503, 507; 10:241

hopes will contribute to research at cryogenic laboratory,

10:xlvii

sends reprints,

5:269

nominates for Nobel Prize,

9:418n, 597c

AE seeks position as Assistent with,

4n

AE stays at home of,

10:465

AE visits,

10:224, 257

AE’s planned visit to,

5:552, 554

discovers superconductivity,

8:156

discussion with AE,

10:270

electrical conductivity, experiments on,

5:283n

Encyklopädie article with Keesom,

5:386n

AE’s praise of,

5:374

Keesom’s contributions to,

5:361n

on Hall effect,

10:494

helps Russian physicists,

10:425

ill,

8:468

laboratory of,

10:521n;

AE visits,

253

lectures on liquefaction of helium,

10:253

meeting on magnetism (“Magnet-Woche”): arranges,

10:344, 404;

participates in,

10:xlvi

(see also “Magnet-Woche”)

as mediator between Trowbridge and AE,

10:493–494

opalescence, work with Keesom on,

5:362n

Solvay Congress, Third, planned lecture at,

10:303

and superconductivity,

4:553

University of Leyden

expedites AE’s appointment at,

10:280, 364

on special professorship for AE at,

9:145, 286, 417–418, 502

Kamerlingh Onnes, Jenneke (1894–?),

10:469n

Kamerlingh Onnes, Menso (1860–1925),

10:270, 518

AE stays at home of,

10:469

has good memories of AE,

10:518

Kamerlingh Onnes-Bijleveld, Maria (1861–1938),

5:554n

Kammerer, Paul (1880–1926),

9:449, 451, 505, 512

on biological selection, and inheritability of dialects,

9:505–506

Kandersteg (Canton Bern), AE’s and Maurice Solovine’s trip to,

5:27; 10:171n

Kang-fuh Hu,

9:237

Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804),

1:46, 49, 364; 6:519, 569; 7:403n; 8:220, 346, 383n, 397, 480, 632, 818, 877, 891, 934; 9:520, 559c; 10:xxxviii

AE on conception of time of,

9:155

Kritik der reinen Vernunft, AE reads,

1:lxii

and Newton,

10:293

Reichenbach on,

9:510; 10:314, 455

Rosenthal-Schneider on,

9:342

Kant Society

and Annalen der Philosophie,

10:332

meeting of,

9:493, 532, 611c; 10:xlv, 260, 332

Kantonsschule Aargau.

See Aargau Kantonsschule

Kantonsschule Zurich.

See Zurich Kantonsschule

Kant-Studien,

8:867, 868; 9:44, 51

Kapp Putsch,

9:xliv, 479n, 487n, 487, 494n, 507, 527n; 10:xlii, 257n

AE on,

9:483

consequences of at University of Rostock,

10:256

University of Berlin closed during,

9:486

Kapp, Wolfgang (1858–1922),

9:479n

Kappeler, Johann (1816–1888),

8:454; 10:82

Kapteyn, Jacobus (1851–1922),

8:412n, 470, 560; 10:53n;

stellar statistics research of,

6:360

Karl der Grosse restaurant,

5:184n;

AE on,

5:183

Karl-Ferdinands Universität.

See University of Prague, German

Karlsruhe

AE invited to lecture in,

10:11

AE visits,

5:324

GDNÄ meeting in

(see Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte: meeting in Karlsruhe)

“Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein” in,

10:11n

Kármán, Theodor von (1881–1963),

3:475n; 5:417n; 9:463; 10:487, 593c

hydrodynamics, work on,

5:416

quantum theory of specific heats, work on, AE on,

5:480

Karr, ?,

3:576

Karr, Albert (1869–1927),

5:238, 239n; 9:345, 554c; 10:200–202, 228–229

Karr, Hans,

9:554c

Karr family, AE visits,

5:237

Karrer, Paul (1889–1971),

9:383n

Karrer, Victor (1877–?),

1:219n

Karr-Krüsi, Luise (1875–1959),

5:239n; 10:200n

Kartell der deutschen Akademien,

9:180, 578c

Karwe, Raghunath?,

10:598c

Katwijk, Netherlands,

10:257n

Káty.

See Kać

Katz, Amalie,

8:138n

Katz, David (1884–1953),

9:445

Katz, Frau,

9:478

Katz, Helene,

8:137, 761

Katzenstein, Moritz (1872–1932),

7:448n; 9:434n;

sails with AE,

9:147

Kaufler, Adolfine,

1:386

Kaufler, Alma,

1:273

Kaufler, Felix (1878–1957),

8:153

accepts position in Vienna,

5:481n

move to Corsica,

5:215n

visits AE in Prague,

5:480

Kaufler, Helene.

See Savić, Helene

Kaufler, Ida,

1:244

Kaufmann, Walter (1871–1947),

7:572n; 8:32; 9:564c

experiments on electron mass,

2:266, 267, 270–272, 372n, 486n; 5:138

AE on,

2:270–272, 368, 458–461

Bucherer’s criticism of,

5:136

disagreement with special relativity,

5:78n

Planck on,

2:254, 270–271, 272, 461; 5:77, 78, 78n, 79n

on relativity theory,

2:267, 372n, 416

requests KWIP funds for apparatus for high-frequency currents, granted,

9:560c

requests KWIP funds for research on production of short wavelength electric waves,

9:557c;

granted,

9:560c, 562c

See also Electrons: mass of and specific charge of

Kautsky, Karl (1854–1938),

9:59, 71

Kautsky, Luise,

9:43n

Kautzsch, Rudolf (1868–1945), on problems of obtaining scholarly literature,

9:514

Kayser, Emma (1860–1930),

10:123

Kayser, Heinrich (1853–1940), search for successor of,

9:72n, 149n, 217

Kayser, Rudolf (1889–1964),

10:123n

Kayser, Sigmund (1850–1936),

10:123

Keesom, Willem (1876–1956),

3:283–284, 508n–509n, 509, 558; 5:281, 283n; 8:715;

abilities of,

5:361, 374, 546

AE on,

10:29

doctorate of,

5:362n

opalescence, work on,

5:374, 362n, 375n

University of Utrecht, candidacy for chair at,

5:354, 357, 369, 373, 386n

University of Zurich, candidacy for chair at,

5:546

zero-point energy, work on,

5:564n;

AE on,

5:564

See also Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike: Encyklopädie article with Keesom

Kehlstadt, Anna.

See Habicht-Kehlstadt, Anna

Kelen, József (1892–1939?),

10:xlii, 473, 482–483, 487;

character of,

10:489–490

Kelen-Fried, Jolán (1891–1979),

10:473n, 482

on Kelen’s character,

10:489–490

publishes AE’s statement on Kelen,

10:489

requests appeal to amnesty for Kelen from AE,

10:489

Kelle, Karl,

10:285

Keller, Ernst (1890–1974),

5:540n

Keller, Gottfried (1819–1890),

7:295–296n; 10:204n

Kellner, Captain,

8:395, 397n

Kelvin, Lord.

See Thomson, William

Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630),

7:xxxii; 10:xxxviii

Kepler’s laws,

3:21–22; 6:240, 337, 510, 562; 7:181n; 10:299

second,

3:39; 4:350, 354

third,

3:24, 37, 126n; 4:389n, 447n, 459n, 473n

See also Planets

Keren Hayesod (Palestine Foundation Fund),

7:226, 228, 233–234, 436n–437n; 9:193

Kerkhof, Karl (1877–1945),

10:271

Kern, ?,

1:271

Kern, Johann (1879–1916?),

5:509, 509n, 540n;

visits Ehrenfest in Leyden,

5:564n

Kessler, Harry Count (1868–1937),

8:947n; 9:203n, 576c

books for Russia,

9:578c

on Fabian Society,

9:553c

Kestenberg, Leo (1882–1962),

3:585

Key, Ellen (1849–1926),

8:505n

Keyserling, Hermann Count von (1880–1946),

9:76n, 392

Khvolson (Chwolson), Orest (1852–1934),

2:564;

nominates AE for Nobel Prize,

5:635c

Kiel Autumn Week for Arts and Sciences,

9:612c; 10:xlvi, 434, 570c

AE invited to lecture at,

10:330n

AE on,

10:431

AE’s honorarium for lecturing at,

10:549

history of,

10:432n

Kiessling.

See Ludwig Kiessling u. Cie., Munich

Kinematics,

3:11–15, 97–100, 144–160, 433–435, 487; 7:208, 213

classical,

2:281

foundations of,

2:263, 437–449

Newtonian,

2:253 (see also Limit, Newtonian; Mechanics: Galilei-Newtonian)

relativistic,

2:253, 257–258, 273, 277–292, 437–449, 503

of rigid bodies

(see Rigid body: kinematics of)

Kinetic energy,

1:92–94, 261; 2:85, 103, 143, 152, 161, 304, 315n, 399, 456; 3:30, 68, 96, 100, 127n, 287, 457, 523, 540, 559; 4:138, 141–142, 176, 307, 350, 522, 524–526, 530; 6:64, 103, 383, 389, 390, 454, 456, 542; 7:117, 259

of a particle,

3:541

of atoms,

3:471–472

internal, connection with electric resonator energy, AE on,

1:236, 279, 324n

and Lagrangian,

3:514n–515n

maximum,

3:499–500

mean,

3:216–217, 218, 220, 242n, 510

of molecules, parallelism between black body radiation, temperature, and, AE on,

1:236, 294–295

of monatomic gas,

3:181–182, 212, 329, 508

and potentia1 energy,

3:510n (see also Virial theorem)

in quantum theory,

3:516

and rigid bodies,

3:100

transformation into radiation,

2:338

and work,

3:30, 33, 42, 55, 68–69, 127n

Kinetic theory

of atoms,

2:102, 108n

of Brownian motion

(see Brownian motion: kinetic theory of)

and electromagnetism,

2:565–566

of gravitation

(see Gravitation: kinetic theory of)

history of,

2:207

molecular,

2:199, 201

of thermal equilibrium

(see Equilibrium: thermal)

Kinetic theory of gases,

1:294; 2:67, 85, 152, 167n, 170–171, 174, 186, 212, 251–252, 324n, 501n–502n; 3:245n, 270, 272, 280, 507n, 542, 545n, 547n; 7:219; 10:15, 61

AE’s first paper on,

1:315, 327

AE’s lectures on statistical physics and,

3:xvii, 6–7, 10, 179–241, 242n–247n, 598–599

calculation on,

3:125n

controversies about,

2:42

and Drude’s electron theory, AE on,

1:236, 287

Maxwell-Boltzmann tradition in,

2:41, 47, 67–68, 73n, 136

role of hypothetical molecular forces in, AE on,

1:261, 265

measurement of thermal molecular velocities in,

10:355n

See also Thermodynamics: compared to kinetic theory of gases

Kinetic theory of heat,

2:xvii, xix–xx, 77, 95n, l37, 206, 209, 213, 218, 224, 228, 235n, 379, 382, 384, 387, 408; 4:521–533, 534n; 6:170n, 189n, 577, 579n

Kinetic theory of liquids,

1:265, 279, 324; 2:171, 172, 186, 209, 212

Kinetic theory of matter,

1:279, 287

King’s College, London,

7:433n

Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824–1887),

1:xxxix, 187, 250–251, 293; 2:74n, 167n, l89, 200, 203n, 230, 342, 374, 375; 6:279

AE’s reading of,

2:xxiv, 43, 135, 177

See also Transport coefficients: Maxwell-Kirchhoff method of calculating

Kirchhoff’s laws,

1:181–184; 4:562; 5:359

for electric circuits,

1:181–184; 3:368

for radiation,

3:542

Kirchhoff theorem,

2:374–375

Kirschbaum, Heinz,

9:577c, 579c, 598c, 608c

Kjellén, Rudolf (1864–1922),

8:931

Klausen Pass,

1:312, 313n

Klein, Felix (1849–1925),

2:254; 3:447; 5:502n; 7:xxvi, 36n, 43n, 49n, 76n, 80n, 101, 140n, 179n; 8:260n, 352, 353, 425, 431, 435, 570n, 647n, 684n, 699n, 716n, 765, 775, 809, 834; 9:3n, 8n, 35–36, 101n, 111, 230n, 350n, 602c; 10:279n, 516

AE

conflates cosmological model of with De Sitter’s model,

8:426n, 690n, 780n

invites to join German Mathematical Society,

8:762

lecture on paper of on energy-momentum conservation,

8:791, 825

presents lecture on cosmological ideas of,

8:805

conservation laws in general relativity, discussion with AE on,

8:673–674, 686–688, 697–698, 715, 761, 782, 784–785

curvature: lecture on,

8:712n;

lecture notes on,

8:712, 733, 738

De Sitter’s model, discussion with AE on,

8:355–356, 779, 805–806

doctorate of, commemoration of,

8:975

editing his mathematical papers,

9:40, 535

editor of: Annalen der Physik,

9:535;

Mathematische Annalen,

9:317

on elliptic geometry,

7:405n; 8:479n, 734n

elliptic versus spherical space, discussion with AE on,

8:688, 724, 733, 738–739, 778–780

on energy-momentum conservation,

8:635n

energy-momentum vector

discussion with AE on,

8:782, 785–786, 791–793, 805, 825–826

lecture on,

8:833n

“Entwurf” theory, reception of,

8:162

general relativity

on AE’s work on,

9:40–41

on mathematical roots of,

8:690n

on Hamiltonian treatment of own theory and general relativity,

8:685–686

Hedemünden lecture,

8:778

Hilbert energy vector, discussion with AE on,

8:833, 917, 932, 936–937, 938, 942–943, 975

illness of,

8:431

Noether

invites to University of Göttingen,

8:292n

supports venia legendi of,

8:976

quadratic differential forms, lecture notes on,

8:688

reads Raum–Zeit–Materie,

8:827

reducing general to special relativity, discussion with AE on,

8:674–675, 685

special relativity, lecture notes on,

8:436, 569

University of Göttingen, on physics at,

9:535

Klein, Franz (1854–1926),

8:204; 10:57

Kleiner, Alfred (1849–1916),

1:267, 316, 328; 2:xxv, 7, 173–176, l84, 203n, 259, 397n, 492n; 3:xvi–xvii, 441–443, 449n, 576, 598; 5:36n, 94n, 108n, 155, 188, 206, 219n, 275n, 284, 287, 287n, 451n, 506, 507n, 549n; 8:76n, 146n, 148, 152, 153n, 172n, 206n, 330, 638n; 9:489n; 10:25, 28, 36, 44

AE on,

5:224, 227, 230, 232

AE

displeasure with,

5:428n

directs laboratory class with,

5:239n, 241

AE submits two papers to,

1:317n, 318, 326, 334, 335n

AE’s dissertation, opinion on,

5:35

AE’s doctoral dissertation under,

1:321, 322, 328, 331n, 335n

AE’s Habilitation at University of Bern, role in,

5:95, 97n

biography,

1:383

Ehrenfest’s attempts at Habilitation, role in,

5:421, 422n

encouraged AE to publish ideas on relative motion,

1:225, 328

lecture by AE, comments on,

5:158

University of Zurich

considers AE for position at,

5:94n, 96n

opposes Ehrenfest’s candidacy for chair at,

5:451

reaction to AE’s resignation from,

5:275n

role in AE’s appointment at,

5:159n, 160n, 188

role in filling Debye’s vacant chair at,

5:449n

solicits recommendations for vacant chair at,

5:445, 446n

supports Schur’s candidacy for chair at,

5:449

Klemperer, Georg,

8:1021c

Klossowski, Erich (1875–1949),

9:392

Klotz, Paul,

5:513n

Klötzel, C. Z., requests support from AE for Karwe,

10:598c

Kluyver, Jan (1860–1932),

8:423n; 9:321n

Knäge,

3:576

Knapp, Fritz,

8:996c; 9:261n, 585c;

AE on submitted paper by,

6:197

Knecht, Frieda (1895–1959),

10:167n

Kneser, Adolf (1862–1930),

8:791, 829

Knipping, Paul,

10:604c

Knopf, Otto (1856–1945),

6:28n; 9:207, 219

Knopf, Rudolf (1874–1920),

10:260

Knopp, Konrad, dedication to AE by,

5:632c

Knudsen, Martin (1871–1949),

3:6–7, 192, 194, 243n–244n, 247n, 507n; 5:299, 300, 301n, 522n; 9:176n, 554c, 598c, 611c; 10:303n

helps Nordström,

8:371

on mistakes in Moszkowski’s book on AE,

10:605c

nominated as corresponding member of PAW,

9:555c

research on dilute gases,

4:529, 534n

Knudsen’s relation,

3:247n

Koch (or Steinhardt), Alfred,

9:129;

contributes to treatment of Pauline Einstein,

10:216, 234

Koch, Alice.

See Steinhardt, Alice

Koch, Caesar (1854–1941),

5:279, 279n, 324n; 8:169; 9:147

AE sends first scientific essay to,

1: 5, 9–10

AE’s stay in Antwerp with,

5:607

biography,

1:384

Koch, family, AE visits,

3:581

Koch, Fanny.

See Einstein, Fanny

Koch, Heinrich,

1:xlix

Koch, Jacob (1850–1921),

1:lvii, lxv, 246n, 313n; 5:239n, 458n; 8:11n, 17, 58n, 732, 835, 884; 9:3n, 30, 129, 138, 271n, 551c; 10:82n, 97, 110, 111, 112, 201, 207, 216, 234, 235

AE visits in Weggis,

10:121

Einstein, Pauline

household run by,

5:600

promises help for,

10:225

lives in Baur au Lac, Zurich,

10:101

SAG shares for,

10:231, 567c

stay in Weggis,

10:121

visits Winteler-Einstein,

10:187

Koch, Jette (née Bernheimer) (1825–1886),

1: xlix–l, lvi, 370

Koch, Julie (1857–1914),

1:231, 232, 259, 374; 5:458n

AE on,

1:222–223, 227; 5:599n

death of, AE on,

5:599

Koch, Julius (Julius Dörzbacher, Derzbacher) (1816–1893),

1:xlix, li, lvii, 380; 7:440n

Koch, Mathilde (née Levy) (1868–1927),

1:10n, 384; 5:324, 324n

Koch, Paul (1890–?),

1:10n

Koch, Pauline.

See Einstein, Pauline

Koch, Peter P. (1879–1945),

5:89n 8:470; 9:xlviii, 72n, 74, 217, 334n; 10:337, 572c, 573c, 576c, 593c

canal rays, planned experiment on,

5:87

requests KWIP funds for spectroscopic instruments,

9:569c;

granted,

613c

Koch, Raymond (1893–1930),

1:10n

Koch, Richard (1852–1924),

1:285n; 9:292n

Koch, Robert (1843–1910),

7:222

Koch, Robert (1879–1952?),

1:lvii, 12, 14, 222; 9:129;

Pauline Einstein, contributes to treatment of,

10:216, 234

Koch, Suzanne (b, 1:1892,)

6n, 10n, 384

Koch, Walter (1889–1968),

9:33, 71

Koch photometer,

9:330, 561c

Kocherthaler, Julius,

8:451n

Kocherthaler, Lina, dedication to,

10:589c

Koch-Steinhardt family, visiting Wintelers,

10:216

Koerner, Guglielmo,

1:282n

Koffka, Kurt (1886–1941),

9:45n; 10:260

Kohl, Emil (1862–1924),

5:473n

evaluation of work of,

5:473, 474n

University of Prague, candidacy for chair at,

5:470

Köhler, Alban (1874–1947),

7:51–53n

Köhler, W., request for assistance from PAW for printing book, rejected,

9:598c

Kohlrausch, Friedrich (1840–1910),

1:236; 5:16n;

on dissociation,

5:13

Kohlrausch, Fritz (1884–1953),

10:295

Kohlschütter, Arnold (1883–1969),

8:604; 9:13, 27

Kohlschütter, Ernst (1870–1942),

8:597n, 599, 625

Kohn, Hedwig (1887–1965),

9:574c, 593c; 10:572c, 576c, 579c, 585c, 593c, 611

requests additional KWIP funds for quartz spectrograph, granted,

10:609c;

pending,

10:579c, 583c

requests KWIP funds for quartz spectrograph,

9:124–125, 337–338;

granted,

9:613c

Kollros, Louis (1878–1959),

1:214, 247, 265

Kollwitz, Käthe (1867–1945),

8:947n; 9:103n

Kolozsvár, University of

(see University of Kolozsvár)

Kommol, ?,

8:960n

Könemann, Heinrich, requests KWIP funds for perpetuum mobile,

8:1019c

Konen, Heinrich (1874–1948),

9:72n;

AE on,

9:149, 194

König, Walter (1859–1936),

2:109; 5:430n; 6:569, 570n;

requests AE’s objections to book by Drude,

5:430

König’s theorem,

3:69, 127n

Königlich Wissenschaftliches Prüfungsamt,

9:65n

Königsberger, Johann (1874–1946),

3:500; 5:308, 309n

Königsberger bridge problem,

3:584

Konrad Sannig & Co., AE’s expert opinion for,

10:607c

Konstantinowsky, Kurt (1891–?),

8:862, 902, 904; 9:73

Kopf, August,

4:6

Kopp, Victor, on serving as mediator between AE and Russian physicists,

10:603c

Kopp rule,

2:384, 387, 390n

Koppel, Leopold (1854–1933),

5:511, 513n, 534n, 549n, 570n; 9:12, 108n, 125, 126n, 463, 465; 10:199

AE visits,

8:11

and endowment for KWIP,

9:13n

and funds for AE’s PAW salary,

9:142

gift to AE,

8:11

KWIP, member of Kuratorium of,

8:571n

provides part of AE’s salary in Berlin,

5:529n, 581

role in bringing AE to Berlin,

8:12n

SAG shares for,

10:231, 234, 567c

Koppel Foundation,

8:11n–12n, 513, 527n, 529, 530n, 571n

financial support for

AE’s planned Berlin institute,

5:602n

Haber’s institute,

5:513n

Kuratorium of,

8:514n, 530

Kormann, Carl,

8:343, 344

Kornprobst, Sebastian,

1:lv n

Korrodi, Eduard (1885–1955)

requests contribution by AE for Neue Zürcher Zeitung,

9:485, 608c

seeks AE’s help to acquire scholarly literature for Central European institutions,

9:485

Korteweg, Diederik (1848–1941),

10:298n

Kossel, Walther (1888–1956),

8:958; 9:20; 10:456, 513

AE on,

10:353

candidate as successor of Born,

10:304, 516, 336

lectures on shell structure of atoms,

8:814

on X-ray absorption,

9:21

Kossel-Born-Landé theory of chemical bonds,

9:210

Kost, Hans, requests information on KWIP funding,

9:550c

Köster, Albert (1862–1924),

9:481

Kottler, Friedrich (1886–1965),

4:324, 342n, 495; 6:338n, 404, 407, 408n; 7:76n, 369, 371n; 8:753; 9:473, 535, 601c; 10:323n, 351

asks AE’s help to obtain position in Germany,

9:373

on difficult conditions in Austria,

9:373

Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften, article for,

9:373

equivalence principle, criticism of paper of AE on,

8:344, 345, 346

gravitation theory of, discussion with AE on,

8:702–706

paper of, AE on,

6:404–407

on radiation theory,

9:373–374

seeks position,

9:435–436

on singularities in light waves as quanta, AE on,

10:352

University of Vienna, on Exner’s succession at,

10:593c

Kowalewski, Arnold (1873–1945),

9:493; 10:260

Kowalewski, Gerhard,

8:337n; 9:45n

Kowalski, Joseph (1866–1927),

5:112n, 123, 151

interest in Maschinchen,

5:55, 111, 124n

wants to visit AE in Bern,

5:112n

Kraft, Ludwig,

5:558, 561, 561n; 8:31, 167; 10:41, 123;

recommends Spinoza’s Ethics to AE,

10:96n

Krakatoa eruption (1883),

3:507n

Krakow, Georg (1891–?)

criticizes KWIP allocation of funds,

9:68

requests KWIP funds for stipend,

9:555c, 563c

rejected,

68, 564c

Kramers, Hendrik (1894–1952),

9:150, 151n, 351, 502

Kraus, Friedrich,

8:275, 696

Kraus, Oskar (1872–1942),

7:110, 356, 359n; 10:260–261, 332, 401n, 418n, 427;

lecture at anti-relativity meeting, cancels,

10:595c

Kraus, Werner (1884–1962),

10:392–393

Krauss, ?,

9:434n

Krazer, Adolf (1858–1926),

8:762

Kreiselbau Co., legal dispute with Anschütz & Co.,

7:190–195

Kremmer, Martin (1864–?),

8:14n

Kretschmann, Erich (1887–1973),

7:38; 8:679, 681, 753;

on general principle of relativity,

7: xxxii, 39, 43n; 8:650, 652n

Kries, J. von,

5:174

Kristensen, W. Brede,

9:321n

Kristiania.

See Oslo

Kronig, Ralph de Laer (1904–1995), on observational criterion of closedness of universe,

10:600c

Kronthal, Paul, book for AE,

10:605c, 606c

Kroo, Jan, on electron energy levels,

9:237

Krückmann, Paul (1866–1943),

8:887; 9:45n

Krüger, Friedrich (1877–1940),

5:308, 309n

complains about changed policy of KWIP funding,

9:568c

dispute with AE,

5:352

requests KWIP funds for research on crystal structure of metals and alloys,

9:556c, 567c;

granted,

567c;

rejected

567c;

refuses,

574c

Krüger, Louis (1857–1923),

8:594, 597n, 599, 624, 625n; 10:172

abilities of,

8:617, 796

Geodetic Institute

against independence of,

9:191, 195n

candidate for directorship of,

8:617, 625, 796

Krupp Works,

8:554n, 610

Krüss, Hugo Andres (1879–1945),

5:513n; 8:12n, 13n, 571n, 604, 625, 684, 714n, 721, 731n, 795, 1015c; 9:275n, 562c, 563c, 569c, 574c, 605c; 10:171

Geodetic Institute, for independence of,

9:192n, 195n

helps finding position for Freundlich,

8:601, 603

on widow pension for Einstein-Marić,

8:713

Krutkov, Yuri (1890–1952),

10:472

Kubierschky, ?,

9:570c

Kuenen, Johannes (1866–1922),

5:410, 411n, 413; 9:145, 150, 166n, 320, 362, 414, 422n, 502

and funds for AE’s trip to Leyden,

9:183n

participates in “Magnet-Woche,”

10:xlvi

on special professorship for AE at University of Leyden,

9:286

Kuffner, Katharina,

9:168n

Kuffner family,

9:167

Kugler, Gustav (1874–1939),

5:206n;

plays music with Conrad Habicht,

5:206

Kuhlmann, August Karl (1877–1963), succeeds H. F. Weber at ETH,

5:482n

Kühlmann, Richard von (1873–1948),

8:745

Kühn, Ludwig,

7:365–366n

Kultur der Gegenwart, AE’s papers for,

5:596

Kundt, August (1839–1894),

3:191, 243n; 6:577; 9:127

Kunfi, Sigmund, solicits signature for petition,

10:605c

Kunitz, Moses,

2:181

Kunz, Jakob (1874–1938),

5:287n;

AE on abilities of,

5:286

Künzler, Gustav,

1:363

Kurhaus Melchthal,

1:249n, 250n

Küstner, Friedrich (1856–1936),

8:386n, 411, 413, 1004c

abilities of,

8:322–323

Astrophysical Observatory, candidate for directorship of,

8:293, 324

helps find position for Freundlich,

8:293

Kuwaki, Ayao (1878–1945)

AE praises knowledge of,

10:542–543

meets with Solovine in Paris,

5:169

misidentifies Hans Albert Einstein,

5:170n

takes courses at University of Berlin,

5:161n

translates Einstein 1917a into Japanese,

10:542–543

visits AE in Bern,

5:160

KWG.

See Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft

KWIP.

See Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Physik

Kyoto University.

See University of Kyoto

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

L

Laar, Johannes van (1860–1938),

5:370n

abilities of, AE on,

5:373–374

expression for osmotic pressure of, AE’s criticism of,

5:373

University of Utrecht, candidacy for chair at,

5:369, 373

Ladenburg, Erich (1878–1908),

3:413n, 500;

experiments of,

5:80

Ladenburg, Rudolf (1882–1952),

3:600

AE sends reprints to,

5:81

at University of Breslau,

5:81n

visits AE in Bern,

5:81n

Lago Maggiore,

1:261, 375

Lagrange, Joseph-Louis de (1736– 1813),

3:8, 90; 10:536

Lagrange equations,

2:69, 75n, 457; 3:90–91, 95–96, 108, 117, 120, 128n, 550; 8:690n

Lagrange multiplier,

8:27n

Lagrangian,

3:128n, 514n–515n

for “Entwurf” theory,

8:182–184

in five-dimensional theory,

9:66

for many-body problem,

8:419, 430

Lie variation of,

8:699n, 970

relativistic,

2:457, 486n

variational derivative of,

8:96–97, 98–100, 102, 104–105, 107–109, 111–112, 114–115, 119, 121–123 124

Lamé, Gabriel (1795–1870),

4:343n

Lämmel, Rudolf (1879–1962),

3:446–447, 449n;

lectures on AE in Zurich,

9:484

Lampa, Anton (1868–1938),

5:247n, 263, 265n, 309n, 320, 321, 449, 474n; 9:366, 369, 396, 522; 10:285, 323n

AE visits in Vienna,

5:258n

angry at AE for revealing name of successor,

5:500n

in Austrian Ministry of Education,

9:277

Ehrenhaft, requests AE’s opinion on,

9:365, 367, 393, 396–397

German University of Prague

fights for,

9:461

leaves professorship at,

9:77

supported AE’s appointment to,

10:286

Prague

on scientific life in,

5:290

on times with AE in,

9:397, 461

on rumors of AE leaving Berlin,

10:286

Schubert-Soldern, on financial support for,

10:285–286

sends books,

9:462

Lánczos, Kornél (1893–1974)

dissertation on electron theory

requests AE’s opinion on,

9:265

AE on,

9:375

requests AE’s help to do postgraduate work in Germany,

9:265–266

Landau, Edmund (1877–1938),

5:502n;

and Hebrew University,

9:222, 240

Landau, Leo (1880–?), invites AE to visit Lübeck,

10:592c

Landau, Leopold (1848–1920),

9:169n, 173, 223n, 353n, 434, 466, 524n, 553c

University of Berlin, special courses for foreign students at,

9:433–434, 466

Landauer, Gustav (1870–1919),

9:344n, 563c, 558c

Landé Alfred (1888–1975),

9:86n

on criticism of Born 1920a by Lenard and Ramsauer,

10:516

Landolt, Hans (1831–1910),

1:324

Landolt and Börnstein tables,

2:19, 198, 347, 388, 389

Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule, Berlin,

7:288n; 8:933n

Lang, E.,

9:8;

intends to translate Einstein 1920j into French,

10:614c

Lange, Fritz, request for KWIP funds, Laue’s recommendation for,

10:609c

Lange, Gustav (1863–1936),

10:211

on introducing concept of “inertial system” before AE,

10:590c

on discussing “simultaneity of distant events” before AE,

10:590c

Lange, Konrad (1855–1921),

8:888; 9:45n

Lange, Ludwig (1863–1936),

8:447, 448n

Langevin, Paul (1872–1946),

2:215, 217, 221, 270; 3:7, 217, 222, 245n–246n, 439n, 505n, 513n, 518n, 557–558, 560; 4:184, 340n, 615, 621n; 5:217, 218n, 300, 302n, 345, 349, 360n, 520, 543n, 598n; 6:170n, 189n, 191; 7:345, 530; 8:998c; 9:171, 224–225, 500; 10:317, 344, 366, 368, 373, 404, 470, 472, 513, 529, 548, 575c, 583c

affair with Marie Curie,

5:345; 8:7

interest in general relativity,

5:588

invites AE for Michonis Lectures,

5:571n

participates in “Magnet-Woche,”

10:xlvi, 356, 468, 469, 475

Third Solvay Congress, invited to,

10:303

Zangger’s attendance of lectures of,

5:332

Langevin law for paramagnetism.

See Paramagnetism: Curie-Langevin law for

Langhans, Jan F.,

5:517, 518, 520

Langsdorf, Heinrich (1834–1901),

1:309

Laplace, Pierre Simon de (1749–1827),

1:201; 2:3–4, 20n–21n; 3:268n. See also Capillarity: Laplace’s theory of; Molecular force: Laplace’s theory of

Laplace operator, generalized,

4:80, 329, 497; 6:94–95

Laplace’s equation,

3:321–322, 348

Larmor, Joseph (1857–1942),

2:256; 5:300, 301n; 7:xxxiv, 210n, 345, 348n; 10:249

lectures at Columbia University of,

5:389

reformulates general relativity,

9:244

l’Art libre,

7:216n–217n

Lasker, Emanuel (1868–1941), AE meets with,

8:906

Laski, Gerda (1893–1928),

10:295

Latent heat.

See Heat: latent

Lattice.

See Crystal lattice

Latzko, Andreas (1876–1943),

10:392–393

Laub, Jakob (1882–1962),

3:257n; 4:551n; 5:118, 188; 8:181n, 236n, 395n, 803, 804n, 909n; 9:397n, 528; 10:21n

Abraham, criticized by,

5:231

AE

collaboration with in Bern,

5:93n, 114, 119; 5:94–95, 106, 120n; 185, 188n

congratulates on appointment at University of Zurich,

5:184

requests picture of,

5:185

AE on,

5:114

AE on paper by,

5:231

AE’s papers with,

2:xxii, 253–254, 268, 503, 504–506, 509–517, 517n, 519–528, 530, 532–534, 539;

errors in,

4:107n; 5:144

on boundary conditions of electromagetic fields,

2:505–506, 512–513, 532–534

Buenos Aires, position in,

5:538n

cathode rays

planned experiment on, AE on,

5:131, 187

polemic with Marx on,

5:121

work on,

5:95, 122n

dragging coefficient, paper on

AE’s criticism of,

5:74, 94, 95n

Laue’s criticism of,

5:73

on electron mass,

2:436, 485n

electron theory, planned book on,

5:161

Hasenöhrl, comments on paper by,

5:107

Heidelberg: appointment in,

5:186n, 187;

plans to leave,

5:263n

ill with influenza,

5:106

invites AE,

5:185

La Plata, appointment in,

5:309n;

AE’s assistance with,

5:263

Lenard, difficulties with,

5:263

Minkowski, response to,

2: 504–506, 517n, 540n

polarization experiment,

5:119

on ponderomotive force,

2: 506–507, 519–528, 528n;

planned paper,

5:161

relativity, review paper on,

5: 202, 203n

requests reprints,

5:93, 107

on stress-energy-momentum tensor,

2: 506–507, 528n

ultraviolet light, planned experiment on,

5:119

at University of Würzburg,

5:73n, 184

and Wien,

2: 505, 528n

Wilson’s experiment, discussion with Wien on,

5:121

See also Electrodynamics of moving media: AE’s and Laub’s work on; Ponderomotive force: AE’s and Laub’s expression for

Laub-Wendt, Ruth (1886–?),

5:309n

Laue, Max (von) (1879–1960),

3: 4, 268n, 599–600; 4: 6, 36, 50, 125, 187n, 322, 491, 621n; 5:99n, 251n, 463n, 509, 540n, 563n, 598n; 6: 148, 199, 206n; 7: xxxi, 20, 121n, 345; 8:75, 471, 478, 601, 620, 671, 853n, 883, 1021c; 9:7, 22, 149, 214, 266, 302n, 319n, 345n, 472, 488; 10:28, 39n, 276, 332, 336, 397n, 460

AE’s and Abraham’s theories of gravitation, objections to,

5:482n;

AE on,

5:588

on AE’s and Laub’s work,

2: 505–506, 532; 5:253

on AE’s criticism of his treatment of clock synchronization,

10:272–273

AE’s light emission experiment, critique of,

7:487n

AE’s opinion on,

5:468

and anti-relativists,

7: 104, 106, 112–113, 348n–349n

Born

criticizes paper by,

10:467n

exchange of positions with,

8:472, 576, 621, 622, 622n, 637, 655n, 953

on boundary conditions of electromagnetic fields,

2:532, 535n

character of,

8:637

classical wave theory, on failure of,

8:424

conditions for accepting a new position,

9:488–489

dragging coefficient, paper on,

5:73

on Einstein-De Haas experiment,

8:131

on electron gas,

8:776

on entropy of radiation,

5:83

“Entwurf” theory, reception of,

8:154

equivalence principle, criticizes,

5:384

on error in paper,

5:73

ETH, candidacy for AE’s chair at,

5:546

on Fizeau experiment,

7:257–258

fights Bavarian Soviet Republic,

9:60

formalism of,

6:97, 129n

Fourier coefficients of radiation, discussion with AE on,

8:131–133

GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim, planned lecture at,

10:305

on Gehrcke’s attack on general relativity,

8:345n

general relativity, textbook on,

7: 112

Göttingen, studies in,

5:73n

Harress’s experiment, paper on,

6:28n

inherits patent of nobility,

5:549n

on interaction between radiation and matter,

5:72

on investigation of crystals with X-rays,

8:576

KWIP, on financial help from,

8:576, 621

Laub, criticizes paper by,

5:73

lecture in Bad Nauheim,

7:353, 357n

lectures on eclipse expedition results to DPG,

9:442n, 602c

light propagation, paper on,

5:73n

light quantum hypothesis, comments on,

5:41

military service of,

8:621

Munich, position in,

5:385n

nervous condition of, AE on,

8:637

on optics of moving bodies,

9:207–209, 219–220, 296

paper by, AE on,

6:199–205, 206n

PAW

aspires to be member of,

8:621

nominated as member of,

10:570c

petition for Habilitation,

5:42n

Planck

aspires to be successor of,

8:637

assistant of,

2: 266

Planck celebration

edits lectures at,

8:775, 784n

presents lecture at,

8:628, 654–655, 672

planned meeting with AE in Munich,

5:482

probability calculus in theory of radiation, paper on,

8:133n

on radiation theory,

5:83

recommends Fritz Lange’s application for KWIP funds,

10:609c

relativity

early interest in,

5:40n, 42n

book on,

4: 4; 5:200n; 7: 112;

AE’s praise of,

5:445

paper on,

5:76

paper for philosophers on,

8:868

on principle of,

6:423

work on,

2: 266, 427n, 436, 448, 485n4:3, 31, 40, 84, 92, 102n, 104n, 105n, 106n, 107n, 324

on Seemann’s application for KWIP funds,

9:30–31

on signal velocity,

5: 59

signs press statement supporting AE,

10:414n

Solvay Congress, Second, lecture at,

8:157n

on Stern’s paper on thermal molecular velocities,

10:355

on symmetry of stress-energy tensor,

5:552

thermodynamics of interference phenomena, paper on,

5:41, 42n

Thomson, criticizes paper by,

5:73

University of Berlin, intends to leave,

10:361

University of Hamburg, candidate for chair of theoretical physics at,

10:613c;

AE on,

10:547

University of Vienna, nominated for chair of Physics at,

8:265n

University of Zurich, candidacy for chair at,

5:448

AE on,

5:445

appointment,

5:468

official recommendation for,

5:448

procedure of,

5:468n

on velocity-dependence of electron mass,

8:908

visits AE,

10:95;

in Bern,

5:78,

comments on,

5:74n

Wien, collaboration with,

8:472n

X-ray diffraction

discovery of,

5:480, 482, 483

lecture on,

4: 552n, 553

theory of,

5:519, 519n

on X-rays,

7:53n

zero-point energy, rejects,

8:131

Laue scalar,

4:107n, 322, 491, 492, 502n; 6:322; 8:80

Laue’s theorem,

8:101, 517, 787n

Laue-Degen, Magdalene (1891–1961),

8:638n, 654

Lauer, Heinrich,

5:243

Laval, Carl Gustav Patrik de (1845–1913),

5:117, 118n

Lavanchy, Ch.,

8:913

Law of nature,

2: xxi, 241n, 257, 438, 440

Laws of motion.

See Equations of motion; Galilean mechanics; Newtonian mechanics

Lawson, Robert W. (1890–1960),

6:538n; 7:279n, 410n; 9: xxxix, 259, 268n, 310, 319, 346, 374, 412, 445, 523, 525, 592c, 599c, 601c, 603c, 605c; 10: xlviii, 569c, 578c, 610c

on Clarté,

9:346

congratulates AE,

9:252

on English edition of AE’s lectures on relativity,

9:444

and English edition of AE’s popular book on relativity (Einstein 1917a),

9:311, 319, 526; 10:572c, 589c

contract for,

9:525

requests additions to,

9:609c, 612c

resume and photos for,

9:444

royalties for,

9:346–347, 407, 443, 598c

translates,

9:295

on translation rights,

9:311, 597c

on harsh conditions in Germany and Austria,

9:311

intends to translate AE’s (inaugural?) lecture into English,

10:592c

offers to translate AE’s articles,

9:251

picture gallery from his Vienna years,

9:257

proposes English edition of Einstein 1920j,

10:572c, 589c

on reconciliation between England and Germany,

9:311

requests AE article for Nature,

9:252, 256, 310, 328

solicits signed picture from AE,

9:257

wartime work of at Institute of Radium Research, Vienna,

9:436

Lazarev, Pëtr (1878–1942), AE declines invitation by,

8:18

Le Verrier, Urbain (1811–1877),

6:234, 319, 337, 494, 510; 7:561; 8:202, 221; 9:229

League for Proletarian Culture.

See Bund für proletarische Kultur

League of German Scholars and Artists.

See Bund Deutscher Gelehrter und Künstler

League of Nations,

7:6–7n, 334; 8:187n, 918–919

AE on,

9:117, 142, 143, 281

American support for,

9:143

concept of a,

7:10n

first session of,

10:605c, 606c

Fokker on,

9:236

as guarantor of rights,

7:8

humanitarian relief efforts of,

7:334n

orders partition of Upper Silesia,

7:470n

prospects for,

7:9

psychological prerequisites for,

7:334

Least action, principle of,

2:475; 3:91, 93, 116–117, 119–120; 4:563; 5:50, 50n

Lecher, Ernst (1856–1926),

8:295, 462, 578; 9:398–399, 428, 435

Lecher’s experiment,

8:295, 300

Lederer, Eugen (1884–1947),

9:277n; 10:546, 608c–610c

Leeuwen, Cornelia van.

See Nordström-van Leeuwen, Cornelia

Leeuwen, Hendrika van,

8:468

Legislative National Assembly.

See Germany, Gesetzgebende Nationalversammlung

Lehmann, Max (1845–1929),

8:737, 745–746

political views of,

8:758

signs Delbrück-Dernburg petition,

8:759n

Lehmann, Otto (1855–1922),

10:10

on electrodynamic force between moving rods,

10:11

on electromagnetic induction,

9:558c

invites AE to lecture in Karlsruhe,

10:11

requests KWIP funds for research on influence of magnetic field on molecular forces in liquid crystals,

9:555c, 558c;

rejected,

562c

Lehmann-Rußbüldt, Otto (1873–1964),

9: xliv, 202

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716),

7:57, 59n; 8:540

Leibniz Gold Medal,

8:1000c

Leidsch Universiteitsfonds,

9:249n

appoints AE special professor,

10: xliii–xlv, 585c

funds AE’s special professorship,

9:183n, 247, 416n

Leithäuser, Gustav (1881–1961),

5:308, 309n

Lelewer, Hermann (1891–?),

7: 233

Lemke, Karl (1895–1969),

9:95

Lemmert, Otto, on AE’s opinion on Kant,

10:596c

Lenard, Philipp (1862–1947),

2:142, 163–166, 168n, 169n; 3:497n, 547n; 5:37n, 185, 186, 186n, 202, 261n, 263, 269; 7:101–113, 122n, 128n, 279n, 346–348n; 9:31, 150n; 10:xxxviii–xl, 401n, 408, 427, 449, 460, 470–471

AE on,

5:187, 232, 253, 260, 263, 309; 10:595c

AE compares with Moszkowski and Wien,

10:468

AE on paper by,

5:37

AE’s attack on,

7:106, 345

AE’s Bad Nauheim debate with,

7:xxxii, 109–111, 354–359n; 10:435

AE’s reading of,

2:260

and anti-Semitism,

7:112

and “Aryan physics,”

7:111

anti-relativist activities, involvement in,

7:106, 107, 111–112

blocks Laub’s plans to leave Heidelberg,

5:263n

Born, criticizes paper by,

10:516

on ether,

7:104, 111, 354–355

experiments on cathode rays by, AE familiar with,

1:224, 304

Gerber, defense of,

7:349n

Laub’s comments on,

5:184

lecture by, Einstein-Marić on,

1:xxxix, 59

metal spectra, work on,

5:37n

phosphorescence, work on,

5:198

photoelectric effect

AE reads paper on,

1: xl

triggering hypothesis in,

5:180n, 198n

experiments on,

2: 142, 165, 168n–169n; 5:80, 195, 198

on superluminal velocities,

7:355, 358n

train-crash objection to general relativity of,

7: 104–105, 118–119, 122n, 354, 358n

See also Photoelectric effect

Length,

2: 261–262

determination of for moving rod,

3:153–154, 156, 433–434 (see also Conventions)

relativity of,

2: 261–262, 280–281, 443, 485n; 4:544 (see also Space: relativity of distance in)

invariant,

8:951–952

See also Invariant distance; Space: measurement of

Length contraction, relativistic,

2:288, 410, 443, 507, 540; 4:131, 193, 544, 549; 6:53, 135, 290, 448–449, 479, 537n; 7:256, 388, 522–523, 538, 604; 10:11

AE and Varićak on,

10:8–9, 13–15

of charges,

10:354

demonstration of,

9:601c

explained by Holst with “neutral field” of fixed stars,

10:333n

Hasenöhrl’s proof of,

5:107

physical significance of,

3: 478–479, 484n

possible role of ether in,

3:444

reality of,

3: 478–479, 444, 482–483, 484n; 10:14–15;

Lorentz on,

8:72, 83

and rotating disk paradox,

9:115, 135, 136, 140

and time dilation,

8:900–901, 907–908

velocity dependence of,

3:160–161, 435, 444

See also Contraction hypothesis, Lorentz-FitzGerald; Rigid rod

Lenin, Vladimir I. (1870–1924),

9:36n;

return to Russia, Germany’s role in,

10:184n

Lense-Thirring effect,

7: xxiv, xxxiii, 563, 565, 576n; 8:483, 501

experimental test proposed for,

9:250

Lenz, Emma and Max,

8:150n

Lenz, Wilhelm (1888–1957),

8:132, 147, 326, 671, 1006c; 9:20, 75, 217, 463, 464, 555c; 10:456

Born, candidate as successor of,

10:304, 336;

AE on,

353

curriculum vitae of,

9:18–19

requests KWIP funds for research in quantum theory of monatomic gases,

9:19;

rejected,

9:561c

University of Hamburg, candidate for chair at,

10:547, 613c;

AE on,

547

Lenzburg, Canton of Aargau,

1:305n, 308, 311

Lenz’s law,

3:123

Léon, Xavier (1868–1935),

10:529

Lesezirkel Hottingen,

5:575n

Levi, Emma (1842–1927),

8:329

Levi, Erna,

9:172

Levi, Ernst,

10:435

Levi, Rudolf (1863–1929?),

10:445

Levi-Civita, Tullio (1873–1941),

2:549, 553n; 6:357n; 7:24–25, 27n, 30, 79, 101, 157, 177n, 179n, 278, 345, 541, 544, 574n; 8:332n, 507, 523n, 670n, 704, 712, 765, 959; 9:361; 10:117, 339

AE asks to write in Italian,

8:98, 104

AE expresses affection for,

8:59

AE hopes to meet,

8:120, 124

comparing AE to Newton,

10:378

correspondence with, AE enjoys,

8:112

cosmological term, discussion with AE on,

8:498

and differential calculus,

6:78, 90, 216, 284, 297, 535n

on differential covariants,

4: 195, 294, 296, 324, 329, 495, 620

on Einstein 1919a,

10:378

energy-momentum pseudotensor

discussion with AE on,

8:498–500, 509–510

paper on,

8:442

“Entwurf” theory, discussion with AE on,

8:96–97, 98–100, 102, 104–105, 107–109, 111–112, 114–115, 119, 121–123, 124

general relativity, papers on,

8:497

on internationalism of intellectuals,

10:378

proposes Italian translation of Einstein 1917a,

10:590c

Levi-Civita tensor,

4: 197; 6:85–86, 217

Levin, Max,

8:130, 134

Levin, Shmarya (1867–1935),

7: 234; 9: xlvi, 181n, 249n

Leviné, Eugen (1883–1919),

9:344n

execution of,

9:87n

request for just trial of,

9:70–71

Lewald, Theodor (1860–1947),

8:825n

Lewin, Louis (1850–1925),

7:448n

Lewinowitsch, Raphael (1883–?),

5:250, 250n; 8:402n

Lewis, Gilbert (1875–1946),

5:260, 261, 261n

creates position for Epstein,

10:516

meets with AE in Zurich,

5:262n

Lex Arons.

See Arons, Leo: loses position

Lex Heinze,

8:188n

Leyden.

See Einstein, Albert: Career: University of Leyden; “Magnet-Woche”; University of Leyden

Leyden jar,

1:168

Leyden Society for Scientific Lectures, AE’s lecture to,

10:262, 264, 267, 271, 289

Leyden University Fund.

See Leidsch Universiteitsfonds

Libert, Arnold (1887–?),

9:192

Libert-Weinstein, Janusch,

9:192

Licht, Hugo,

6:138, 144n

Lichtenecker, Karl (1882 –?),

3:504n

Lichtenstein, Léon (1878–1933),

9:46

Lichtheim, Richard (1885–1963),

7: 233

Lick Observatory,

8:216n; 9: xxxii, 158n

Lie variation,

8:278n, 689n, 699n, 834n, 917n, 970

Lieber, Hugo,

7:301n, 470n, 494n;

as AE’s agent in the U.S.,

10:491

Liebermann, Max (1847–1935),

9:350n

Liebert, Arthur (1878–1946),

8:994c; 9:532; 10:289n

on Schlick’s Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre,

9:510

Liebisch, Theodor,

9:488n;

nominates Laue as member of PAW,

10:570c

Liebknecht, Karl (1871–1919),

7:282n; 9: xliv, 17n, 34n, 384n, 389n, 488n, 550c, 551c; 10:184n

murder of,

9:5n

Liechti, Paul (1843–1903),

1:41n, 360, 361

Liesegang, Franz (1873–1949),

7: 109

Lieserl (1902–?), daughter of AE and Einstein-Marić

AE seeks Einstein-Marić ’s father’s advice on keeping,

1:324

AE’s comments on Einstein-Marić and,

1:304, 305, 306, 324, 332

AE’s desire for son,

1:305, 322

AE’s wish to live with Einstein-Marić and,

1: xxxviii, 324

Einstein-Marić pregnant with,

1: xxxvii, 304, 305, 306, 324; 8:4n;

does not want friends to know,

1:314, 318

Einstein-Marić ’s desire for daughter,

1:332

birth of,

1: xxxv, xxxvi, xxxvii, 305n, 332, 333n, 377, 381; 5:23n

ill with scarlet fever,

1: xxxviii; 5:22

no information about fate after 1903,

1: xxxviii

registration of,

5:22, 23n

Liga zur Beförderung der Humanität,

9:17n, 203n, 551c, 559c, 562c

Light

aberration of

(see Aberration)

absorption of,

2: xvii–xviii, 110, 134, 146, 350, 353, 379, 573, 585

AE’s search for fusion of wave and emission theories of,

2: xvii–xviii, 147–148, 273

coefficient of absorption of in metals,

1:283

cone,

7:412, 524

corpuscular theory of,

2: 148, 263 (see also Light, emission theory of; Light quantum)

deflection of,

3: xxix, 486, 494, 497n;

in solar atmosphere, caused by refraction, Emden on,

9:297, 309,

Lorentz on,

186, 309 (see also Gravitational light deflection)

diffraction of,

3: xviii, 131, 426; 6:197

direct transformation of kinetic energy into, AE on,

1: 236, 294–295

dispersion of,

3:250, 253n, 280, 522, 544n; 6:26, 45 (see also Dispersion, anomalous; Dispersion: optical)

dragging of,

2:435–436

dragging coefficient of

(see Dragging coefficient)

dual quantum-wave theory of,

7:486n–487n

effect of on chemical reactions,

9:141, 224

electromagnetic theory of,

1:328; 2:307n, 565

emission of,

2: xvii, xxii, 110, 134, 146, 150, 263, 350, 353, 544, 571–573, 585

emission and absorption,

3:457; 10:44, 48

emission theory of

(see Light, emission theory of)

experiments on,

3:547n

fluorescent,

2:552n

frequency of,

2:350, 390n, 403; 3:253n

identity of with electromagnetic radiation,

1:7

inaccessibility of speeds higher than speed of,

4:44, 49, 50, 58–59, 488

as independent entity,

2:309n

index of refraction of,

3:297; 4:28, 537

infrared,

2:386, 390n, 405, 406n

interaction of with matter,

2: xvii–xviii, 134, 141, 150, 383, 483, 548, 553n, 585–586

interference of,

2:564, 566, 586, 587n; 3: xviii, 131, 134, 426–428, 537, 547n, 557, 574; 4:536–537; 6:197, 525; 7:486n;

fluctuations and,

3:178n

Maxwell’s theory of,

2: xvii, 134, 358n, 565, 583n

microstructure of,

2:309n

monochromatic,

2:566; 3:500

nature of,

2:150–151, 564, 572

polarization of,

2:565

principle of constancy of speed of

(see Light, speed of: constancy of)

production of,

2:150–151, 350

propagation of,

1:7, 230; 2: 147–148, 258, 259, 307n, 441, 564, 566, 569; 3:131–140, 145, 150, 158

and gravity,

3:486–496, 497n

measurement of,

3:431

theory of,

3:125n

quantum

(see Light quantum)

quantum hypothesis of

(see Light quantum hypothesis)

redshift of

(see Gravitational redshift)

reflection of, from mirror,

2:299

refraction of,

2:564, 582n

scattering of

(see Scattering of light)

signals,

2: 268, 278, 283, 410, 424–425; 3:149–150, 431–432, 441, 479

source,

2:447; 4:34, 104n;

conception of, Guillaume on,

10:536–537

stellar, from antipodal point,

8:412

ultraviolet,

2:168n, 386, 390n; 3:511n, 540, 544n;

ionization of gases by,

4:110

wave theory of,

2:xvii, 147–148, 150, 255, 564–566, 573–574; 4:50, 536; 6:396, 525, 577; 7:xxix, 245, 309–310, 484–487n;

vs. particle theory,

3:xviii, 177–178

See also Electromagnetic waves; Light, speed of; Light wave; Radiation

Light, emission theory of,

2:xvii, xxii, 147–148, 261, 262, 263–264, 485n, 564, 569, 573; 3:xviii, 133

AE’s discussion with Ehrenfest on,

5:458, 476, 485

AE’s early adherence to,

5:450

Doppler effect in, Ehrenfest on,

5:452n, 461

Ehrenfest’s paper on, AE on,

5:450

Newton’s,

6:535n; 7:245

reflection law in, AE on,

5:477, 485

Ritz’s,

4:5, 34, 35; 5:450; 6:49, 67n; 7:467

test of, using binary star observations,

5:524n

AE on,

5:523

De Sitter’s paper on,

5:524n

Freundlich’s dispute with DeSitter on,

5:555n

Freundlich’s paper on,

5:555

Light pressure,

2:299, 309n, 582n; 3:5, 64; 8:332

negative,

8:548, 861, 862, 903, 961

Schwarzschild-Debye maximum of,

9:398

Light quantum,

2:xxvi–xxvii, 134, 145, 148, 309n, 415, 545, 548, 585–586; 3:xx–xxi, 125n, 457, 546n; 5:83

absorption of,

2:548;

Laue on,

5:72

AE’s conception of,

5:193

dimensions of, Lorentz’s estimate,

5:174–176

directed emission of,

2:574, 583n

energy of,

2:134, 350, 356, 547, 580, 583n

existence of,

3:xxi, 547n; 8:333

hypothesis of

(see Light quantum hypothesis)

incompatibility of with interference phenomena, AE on,

5:465

individuality of, Lorentz on,

5:174

meaning of, Planck on,

5:50

momentum of,

2:583n

Planck’s rejection of,

5:203n

and Planck’s theory,

2:351–354

singularity in radiation field as model of,

2:148, 581–582

Stark’s paper on,

5:203n

theory of,

3:249–250

wave-pulse interpretation of,

2:145

Light quantum hypothesis,

2:xvii, 139–140, 141, 146, 148, 151, 162, 263, 265, 270, 350, 354, 415, 549, 577, 580

AE on first paper on,

5:31

AE’s experiment on,

7:xxviii–xxix, 484–487n

Laue’s comments on,

5:41

See also Light quantum

Light, speed of,

1:7–9, 372; 3:131, 134, 137, 366, 494

in accelerated frame of reference,

2:477–478

constancy of,

2:xxii, 253, 257, 263–264, 277, 280, 282–283, 286, 307n, 312, 402, 410, 437–438, 440, 569; 3:145–146, 150, 156, 158, 168, 430, 438, 439n, 442, 494; 4:29, 39, 40, 130, 181–185, 300, 479, 492, 539, 541, 543, 546, 568, 572, 573, 585, 589, 592–596, 611, 612, 619; 6:4, 22, 280, 285, 288, 440, 445–447, 452–453, 465, 475, 486, 487, 528; 7:4, 245, 250, 254, 280n, 431, 458, 461, 463, 517–518, 594, 598, 601, 603; 8:40 (see also Relativity, principle of: and principle of constancy of speed of light)

electric waves propagated at,

3:385

in gravitational field,

3:491–494

as maximum speed,

3:445–447, 478; 4:44, 49, 50, 58–59, 488; 6:55, 448, 449, 454; 7:259, 358n

in moving medium,

8:161

Harzer on,

9:220

Laue on,

9:207–209, 219–220, 296

Zeeman’s experiments on,

6:452, 536n; 8:608, 161; 9:209, 296

See also Fizeau’s experiment

and propagation,

3:145, 158

relative to its source,

2:265, 566–567, 2:277 (see also Light, emission theory of)

in vacuum,

3:298, 526

variability of,

4:104n, 122–126, 130–144, 179n, 306, 475, 479, 494, 506, 549; 5:434–435, 465, 484; 6:127, 130n, 475; 7:269

Light wave,

3:131, 298, 390

amplitude of,

2:452–453

group velocity of,

2:448–449

polarization of,

2:452–453, 565

and state of medium,

2:565

transformation equations for,

2:446, 452–453

Light-bulb filament, production of,

7:242–244n

Lighting and power stations installations by

Einstein e C.,

1:lv, 215n, 281n, 375

J. Einstein & Cie.,

1:lii

Ligurian Alps, Italy,

1:372

Liliencron, Detlev von (1844–1909),

5:518n

Lilienthal, Gustav,

10:581c

Lille booklet

first version of,

9:xliii

AE on,

9:162, 231

AE signs preface,

9:577c

on foreigners,

9:163

on French prisoner-of-war camps,

9:185

in preparation,

9:135

problems with German documents used in,

9:164n

problems with introduction of,

9:164n

second version of,

9:xliii

animosity toward,

9:355

Lorentz approves,

9:421, 483

in press,

9:355

purpose of,

9:422n

Limit, Newtonian,

2:315n, 455, 462

Limmathof (Hotel Limmathof), Zurich,

1:298

Linde, Karl (1842–1934),

1:147n

Lindemann, Adolf (1846–1931),

9:243, 245; 10:380, 535n

on daytime photography of stars,

10:380

invites AE to lecture in Hamburg,

9:607c, 616c

on observing light deflection by daytime photography,

9:244

Lindemann, Frederick (1886–1957),

2:143; 3:xxiv–xxv, 475n–477n, 501, 503, 512, 512n, 527–528, 542, 544n, 547n, 560–561; 5:378n; 7:211n; 8:469; 9:244; 10:381n, 535

atomic frequencies, formulas for,

5:377

debates on eclipse expedition results,

9:474n

equation of,

3:460, 467–468, 470–471, 476n–477n

quantum theory of specific heat, work on,

5:303n

specific heat experiments,

2:390n–391n

See also Nernst-Lindemann equation; Solid bodies, specific heat of

Lindemann, Rudolf, requests AE’s support for Studentenvereinigung für künstlerische Kultur an der Universität Berlin,

9:178–179;

declined,

9:184

Line, straight, concept of,

6:479; 7:506

Line element

as abstraction,

8:391

of De Sitter,

8:779

definition of,

8:392

path-dependent,

8:710, 720–721, 724, 726–727, 742, 803–804, 859, 878, 893, 934, 956, 967

of Schwarzschild,

8:313, 779

See also Invariant space-time interval

Lines of force.

See Force: lines of

Line spectra,

2:402–403, 444

l’Intransigeant,

7:419n

Linz, Karl,

9:599c

Liouville’s theorem,

2:50, 52, 60, 67, 390n; 3:244n; 8:957–958, 962. See also Continuity equation; Incompressibility condition

Lipka, Joseph,

9:594c

Lippich, Ferdinand (1838–1913),

5:256n, 289, 473, 473n, 499, 500n

Lipschitz, Rudolf (1832–1903),

8:690n, 712n

Liquefaction.

See Gas: liquefaction of

Liquids,

2:10, 171; 3:6, 287, 402

AE applies his theory of molecular forces to,

1:xl, 273, 324

binary mixture of,

3:283

boiling process in,

1:123–130

cohesive forces in,

1:123n

diffusion in,

2:211

heat of vaporization of,

2:21n

incompressible,

2:177

kinetic theory of

(see Kinetic theory of liquids)

mixtures of

(see Fluid: mixtures of)

molecular structure of,

2:171, 186

potential energy of per unit volume,

2:15

specific heat of,

2:129; 3:567

stationary motion of,

2:177

surface tension of

(see Surface tension)

surfaces of, AE on,

1:312

suspended particles in

(see Particles, suspended; Suspensions)

Van der Waals’s theory of,

1:265, 324n; 2:4, 178; 4:529

viscosity coefficient of,

3:418n

See also Capillarity

Lissauer, Ernst,

8:77n

Literature, scholarly, problem of obtaining in: Austria,

9:45n, 485;

Germany,

45n, 485, 514, 533

Lloyd George, David (1863–1945),

9:144n

Local time.

See Time: local

Locarno, Einstein-Marić’s trip with children to,

5:599, 600, 601, 603

Løchen, Arne (1850–1930),

9:532

Lockyer, Norman (1836–1920),

10:381

Lodge, Oliver (1851–1940),

7:210n

congratulates AE,

9:186

dedication to AE by,

5:635c

Loeffler, Jean,

8:1019c

Lohner, Emil (1865–1959),

5:203n

London, peace conference in,

5:508n

Loos, Franz (1889–?),

5:406n

Löppen, Franz,

5:318n

Lorentz, Geertruida.

See Haas-Lorentz, Geertruida de

Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1853–1928),

1:224, 225, 330; 3:510n, 550, 562n; 4:3, 153, 272, 273, 540, 550n, 555n, 559n; 5:74, 75n, 84n, 89n, 134, 146, 148, 156, 157, 167n, 230n, 269, 279, 299, 300, 322n, 325, 327, 361, 366, 421, 480, 484, 490, 509, 509n, 522n, 523, 568, 569n, 601; 6:67n, 135, 136n, 145, 151, 173, 191, 193n, 267, 345n, 376, 410, 437, 452, 459; 7:7n, 25, 30, 72, 91, 101, 200, 215n, 217n, 345, 378n, 410n, 431, 518; 8:4, 7n, 41n, 64n, 79, 92n, 117, 127, 149, 182, 220, 229, 230n, 234n, 236n, 239n, 245, 247, 288, 299, 304n, 333, 340, 350n, 362, 364, 370n, 371, 390, 392n, 404n, 418, 468, 534, 575, 609, 615n, 652n, 687, 689n, 704, 756, 872n; 10:xlii, 55n, 211, 264, 271, 279, 298, 303n, 311, 344, 389, 404, 472, 475, 521, 572c; 9:xxx, xxxv, xliii, 16, 42, 58n, 115n, 120, 134n, 145, 150, 164n, 183n, 183, 228, 231–232, 308, 320, 333, 334n, 349, 355, 390n, 393, 421, 422n, 457, 469, 471n, 482, 497, 499n, 501, 577c

AE

congratulates on ETH appointment,

5:364

congratulates on general relativity,

8:242

discovers error by,

6:145, 170n, 189n, 195

discusses German war atrocities with,

8:347n

discusses Massart appeal with,

8:346

expresses sympathy for,

10:407–408

invites,

8:233, 233n, 335, 338, 419,

loan of money to,

5:367;

AE’s miscalculation of amount of,

5:364

thanks for support for De Haas,

8:298

worries about health of,

9:54, 182, 187

AE attends colloquium of,

10:219

AE attends lecture by,

10:257

AE on importance of work of,

7:322n–323n

AE invites to Zurich,

5:359

AE praises,

5:187, 346, 349; 8:97, 429

AE requests to organize international meeting of intellectuals,

8:150;

declined 155,

164

AE visits,

8:340;

AE’s good memories of,

348; 10:52, 224, 225, 271

AE’s electron model, suspects instability in,

9:264

on AE’s inaugural lecture,

9:421;

date of,

10:320

AE’s Leyden lecture as homage to,

10:xliii

AE’s planned visit with,

5:589n, 598n, 602, 603

AE’s reading of,

2:145, 259, 272, 307n

on AE’s relation between Planck’s constant and elementary charge,

5:178

AE’s reviews of books by,

6:135, 375–376

AE’s 1911 stay with in Leyden,

5:276, 279, 281

Ampère’s molecular currents, participates in new experiment on,

8:175

and anti-relativists,

7:347

on book by Eddington,

10:320, 365, 437

Born’s crystal lattice theory, lectures on,

10:468

classical electrodynamics and Planck’s law, on incompatibility of,

5:171

Columbia University, lectures at,

5:389

contraction hypothesis of, AE’s critique of,

7:249, 279n (see also Contraction hypothesis, Lorentz-FitzGerald)

correspondence with, AE on,

5:187, 189

corresponding states, theorem of,

2:256

on drag in a viscous fluid,

9:221

Droste, collaboration with,

8:420n

Dutch Academy of Sciences, pleased with AE’s election in,

10:280

Einstein, Pauline, condolences on on death of,

9:481–482

electrodynamics of

action and reaction in,

5:149n

criticized by Poincaré,

5:149n

forces on ether in,

5:149n

on foundations of,

7:312

electrodynamics of moving bodies of,

2:259, 264–265, 301–302, 307n, 410, 434–435, 438, 449, 540, 567–568; 8:5, 6, 900

electrodynamics of moving media of,

2:xxviii, 503, 507, 514

on electromagnetism,

2:256–257, 549

electron mass, on velocity-dependence of,

8:908

electron model of,

5:57

electron theory

(see Electron; Electron theory: Lorentz’s)

enjoys AE’s joke in Times (London),

9:286

“Entwurf” theory, on covariance of,

5:553n; 8:69–71

Epstein

efforts on behalf of,

9:470, 487

invites to University of Leyden,

10:285n

ether

on degrees of freedom of,

5:177

on energy exchange of with matter,

5:171–172, 174, 176

requests AE’s public statement on,

9:353

theory of

(see Ether theory: Lorentz’s)

escorts family of De Haas from Berlin to the Netherlands,

8:143n

on geodetic precession,

9:421–422

German war crimes

on private commission to investigate,

8:391n; 9:42, 53–54, 57, 120

consults about with French and Belgian colleagues,

9:54

Göttingen lectures of, AE’s enjoyment of,

5:276

gravitation

on AE’s theory of,

10:23

on special-relativistic theory of,

6:136n

on gravitational redshift,

10:252n

Grebe’s and Bachem’s results, congratulations on,

9:482

Haarlem, planned move to,

5:409

helps Russian physicists,

10:425

on hole argument,

8:67–68

Institut international de physique, on revival of,

9:114

light quantum

on existence of,

2:148

estimate of dimensions of,

5:174–176

on individuality of,

5:174

light velocity in moving media, formula for,

8:161

Lille booklet, approves second version of,

9:421, 483

local time of,

2:308n, 487n; 5:121n (see also Time: local)

“Magnet-Woche,” participates in,

10:xlvi

Manifesto of the 93

on statement by Planck on,

8:285, 286n

on undoing damage created by,

8:157n

on Massart appeal,

8:361

Maxwell’s equations for free ether, on validity of,

5:177

Michonis Lectures at Collège de France, invited to give,

5:571n

Monday lectures of,

8:299n

Nobel prize

recommends AE for,

9:418n, 597c

nominated for, with AE,

5:629c

on optics,

2:434, 485n, 567 (see also Optics: of moving bodies)

on photoelectric phenomena,

5:178

Planck’s constant, on interpretation of,

5:173

Planck’s law, derived using canonical ensemble,

5:172–173

ponderomotive force of,

2:503–504, 527;

Laub’s comments on,

5:119

on principle of relativity,

6:423

on prize contest of Scientific American,

10:424

published lectures of,

9:248, 287;

AE on,

228, 233, 267

quantum theory

lectures on,

8:522

of light,

7:486n–487n

paper on,

5:245, 246n

radiation theory,

2:144–145, 542, 543; 3:250, 253n, 281n, 499–500, 505n–506n, 507, 515n

on equipartition theorem in,

2:144

lecture at Rome congress on,

5:168n, 180n, 170–171;

AE on,

5:168, 192

on refraction as cause of light deflection,

9:xxxvi, 186, 309

on relation between radiation law and properties of electrons,

5:179

on relativity

and ether,

8:73

principle of,

6:423

of rotation,

8:69–70

of time,

8:526

relativity, general

interest in,

5:588

Lagrangian for,

8:249n, 419, 430

lectures on,

8:295

papers on,

8:247n

problems with field equations in,

8:233, 254

reception of,

8:263

works on,

8:347, 425

relativity, special, on covariance of,

8:70

on simultaneity,

8:73

solar eclipse expedition results

communicates,

9:218, 580c;

to AE,

7:201n; 9:167, 170, 229, 232, 577c, 578c

discusses with AE,

10:223

writes newspaper article on,

9:246

Solvay

meets with,

9:114

on Planck’s intercession for,

9:216

Solvay Congress, First, chairman of,

5:346, 566

Solvay Congress, Second, edits proceedings of,

8:156, 175

Solvay Congress, Third

invites AE to,

10:xlvii, 302, 312

on members of scientific committee of,

10:303n

planned lecture at,

10:303

program of,

10:302–303

solicits lecture from AE for,

10:303, 320

space and time, on difference between,

8:72–73

spectral lines, on damping of,

8:175

and statistical mechanics,

3:553–554, 556–557

statistical methods in thermodynamics, lectures on,

8:285, 300

Stokes’s theory of aberration, critique of,

7:128n

Teyler’s Foundation, appointed Curator at,

5:411n

Theory of Electrons, AE on,

5:200

on transformation laws,

2:256–257, 308

University of Leyden

on special professorship for AE at,

9:286, 320–321, 329, 362, 371, 421, 482; 10:320, 423–424

wants AE to be successor at,

5:366n; 5:409–410

vacates chair at,

5:409

University of Utrecht, AE’s candidacy for chair at

discussion with AE in Brussels on,

5:364

meeting with Julius on,

5:363

pleased by,

5:348n

regrets AE’s refusal of,

5:363, 364n

Van der Goot’s statement, signs,

8:63

views as opposed to AE’s,

2:267

See also Clausius-Mossotti-Lorentz relation; Maxwell-Lorentz equations

Lorentz contraction.

See Contraction hypothesis, Lorentz-FitzGerald; Length contraction, relativistic

Lorentz field equations,

2:507, 562n. See also Electromagnetic field: equations of

Lorentz force,

2:503–504. 4:14, 15, 17, 83, 499; 6:62–63, 65, 75, 267; 7:264, 527; 8:349. See also Ponderomotive force;

Lorentz group,

2:xxix, 256n–257n, 504

Lorentz, Johanna (1889–1980),

5:282n, 360n; 9:121

Lorentz, Rudolf (1895–1977),

5:282n, 360n, 580; 9:121

Lorentz transformation,

2:253, 256, 257–258, 292–296, 308n, 440–442, 449–450, 462–472, 504, 507, 510–511, 550; 3:156–170, 175n, 275; 4:130, 488, 505, 544, 595, 612; 5:231; 6:49–55, 61, 135, 285, 444–452, 453, 455, 462, 486, 490, 507, 527, 529, 530; 7:7, 12, 67, 90–91, 374–375, 407–408, 453–454, 519–526, 600, 604; 8:358, 436, 524, 525–526, 528, 533, 536–537, 899–900, 908; 9:379

application to electromagnetic field equations,

4:51–56

derivation of,

3:156–160, 439n; 4:40–44; 6:50–51, 502–506; 7:254–255, 280n

Euclidean transformation and,

7:262–263

formal properties of,

3:167–170

fundamental importance of,

3:166

geometrical interpretation of,

6:51

group theoretical properties of,

6:50, 53–55

heuristic role of,

7:258, 280n

infinitesimal,

4:126, 143, 185

in optics,

9:208

kinematic consequences of,

4:48–51

physical content of,

3:160–166; 4:44–48; 6:52–53; 7:256–258

as rotational transformation,

4:65–68

special,

4:44, 66, 82

Lorentz-Einstein theory, use of term,

5:135n

Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction.

See Contraction hypothesis, Lorentz-FitzGerald; Length contraction, relativistic

Lorentz-Kaiser, Aletta (1858–1931),

5:277n, 282n, 360n, 413n, 580; 8:298; 9:54, 121, 233, 356; 10:272

Lorenz, Richard (1863–1929),

2:218, 326, 497, 501n; 5:79n, 153, 153n

requests reprints,

79; 10:336

AE on,

9:281

University of Frankfurt, invites AE to lecture at,

9:281

Los von Rom movement,

10:118

Loschmidt, Joseph (1821–1895),

4:528

Loschmidt’s method,

2:171, 176

Loschmidt’s number,

2:136–137, 167n, 557; 3:272; 4:528. See also Avogadro’s number

Lothar Meyer curve,

8:671

Lourie, Heinrich (1892–?),

9:192

Louvain,

9:54;

vandalization of by German Army,

9:113

Löwe, Heinrich (1867–1950),

7:448n

Löwenthal, Elsa.

See Einstein, Elsa

Löwenthal, Ilse.

See Einstein, Ilse

Löwenthal, Margot.

See Einstein, Margot

Löwenthal, Max (1864–1914),

5:561n; 8:771n; 10:143n;

death of,

5:588n

Löwenthal-Einstein, Elsa.

See Einstein, Elsa

Löwy, Heinrich,

5:540n

Lübsen, Heinrich Borchert,

1:lxi, 4n

Lucerne,

10:xxxvii

AE visits,

5:329n

AE visits sister in, with Hans Albert Einstein,

10:xxxiv

climate of,

10:169

sanatorium for Pauline Einstein in

(see Rosenau sanatorium)

Luchsinger, Fridolin (1894–?),

9:152

Lüdeke, Oskar,

9:148n, 575c

Lüdemann, Hermann (1880–1957),

10:281

Ludendorff, Erich von (1865–1937),

9:238n;

AE on,

9:85

Ludendorff, Hans (1873–1941),

7:425n

abilities of,

8:322

stellar redshift, paper on,

8:261

Lüdin, Emil (l867–1932),

1:307, 308n

Ludlam, Ernest B, (1879–1958),

9:369–370, 378, 390n, 408, 603c; 10:309n

on narrow-mindedness of English scientists,

9:378

as Quaker,

9:378n

Ludwig der Eiserne, Landgraf,

8:257n

Ludwig, Emil,

10:605c–606c

Einstein 1917a sent to,

10:597c

sends book to AE,

10:597c

Ludwig, Ernst, requests KWIP funds for developing temperature gauge,

8:1016c

Ludwig Kiessling u. Cie., Munich,

1:li

Luftverkehrsgesellschaft (LVG),

6:402n; 8:577n, 588n, 709n;

AE’s income from,

10:106–107

Lugano,

10:160, 170n

lake of,

10:41

meeting of Schweizerische Naturforscherversammlung in,

10:162n

Luitpold-Gymnasium, Munich,

8:367n, 531

AE’s entrance at,

1:lx, 371

AE’s experiences at,

1:lx–lxii, lxiii, lxv

AE’s grades at,

1:lx n

AE’s mathematical abilities at praised by teacher,

1:lxiv n

AE’s studies at,

5:34

AE’s textbooks at,

1:353–355

AE’s withdrawal from,

1:372

curriculum of,

1:346–353

rector of

(see Markhauser, Wolfgang)

teachers at

characterization of by AE,

1:lviii

list of AE’s,

1:346–353

See also Degenhart, Joseph; Ruess, Ferdinand; Zametzer, Joseph)

Luminescence,

3:503, 504n

Luminescence, cathode,

2:165, 169n, 548

Luminiferous ether.

See Ether: luminiferous

Lummer, Otto R. (1860–1925),

2:144; 8:77n; 9:124, 338n, 574c, 593c; 10:401n

dedication to AE by,

5:625c

requests KWIP funds for acoustic research,

9:127–128

Lummitzsch, Otto (1886–1962),

10:450

Lunacharskii, Anatolii (1884–1953),

10:319

Lunar longitude.

See Moon: longitude of

Lustige Blätter,

8:382n

Luther, Martin (1483–1546),

9:143; 10:33

Luxemburg, Rosa (1871–1919),

7:282n; 9:xliv, 17n, 34n, 384n, 389n, 488n, 550c, 551c

commemoration of in Zurich,

9:94n

funeral of,

9:94n

murder of,

9:5n

Luzzatti, Luigi (1841–1927),

1:lxv

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

M

Maag, Jacob (1868–1923), represents AE in rental dispute,

5:636c; 8:11

Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1800–1859),

8:134

Mach, Ernst (1838–1916),

3:578; 4:585; 5:204n; 6:282n, 286, 474, 523; 7:279n; 8:69, 76n, 223n, 298, 359n, 402, 403, 404n, 448n, 490, 491, 493, 539, 547, 695; 10:68, 176, 286, 590c

AE reads works of,

1:xxxix, 230, 335

AE visits in Vienna,

5:258n

AE’s obituary of,

6:278–281, 537n

AE’s paper on,

8:394

AE’s reading of,

2:xxiii–xxiv, xxv, 3, 43, 46, 135

anti-reductionism of,

7:59n

atomism, views on,

5:204n

concept of reality of,

8:456

concept of Verknüpfung,

10:293

dedication to AE by,

5:624c

definition of mass,

3:5, 9, 126n, 396n

definition of mass of,

4:102n

edited by Petzoldt,

10:332

elements of,

8:543, 546

on existence of atoms,

2:46, 207, 218

Frank’s paper on,

8:394

general relativity, interest in,

5:583;

role of ideas of in development of,

584

on inductive method,

7:xxxvi

influence on AE,

2:xxiv, 260; 6:279, 282n, 338n; 7:xxxv; 8:17n, 220, 297

Lampa’s book on,

9:462

Mechanik, AE’s reading of,

5:204n

Mechanik and Wärmelehre, recommended to AE by Besso,

1:230n, 378

on molecular forces,

2:3

Neurath, correspondence with,

8:434

Newtonian mechanics, critique of,

4:127, 177, 194–195, 295, 307, 476, 484, 485n, 498, 499, 507, 508, 587n, 616; 5:548; 6:5n, 74, 129n, 279–280, 282n, 474; 7:xxxiii, 267–268, 316, 322n, 370, 432, 535–537 10:325

on observability,

10:307

on optical illusion,

7:53n

Optik,

8:480

Planck, polemic with,

5:204n, 532n, 595; 7:57, 59n;

AE on,

204, 584

positivistic philosophy of,

7:59n, 280n

principle of economy of,

8:850

receives AE’s reprints,

5:204, 205

on relativity theory,

5:205; 8:81

sends AE copy of lecture,

5:204

on theory of heat,

2:218

work of, AE’s praise for,

5:204

Mach, Ludwig (1868–1951),

8:480

Mache, Heinrich (1876–1954),

9:251–252, 393n, 399

Mach’s principle,

6:552n; 7:xxxiii, 38–40, 43n–44n, 49n, 122n, 170, 181n, 322n–323n, 358n, 369, 377, 394, 404n, 409, 424n, 433, 563–565, 568–569, 576n; 8:352, 353, 422, 423n, 425, 427, 433, 578, 613, 627, 639, 640, 641n, 659, 700n, 810n; 9:xlii, 111, 233, 233n, 249n; 10:325, 479n

Machula,

9:566c

Mack, Julian (1866–1943),

7:234

Madelung, Erwin (1881–1972),

3:414n, 420, 420n, 526, 544n; 9:74–75, 463;

candidate for Born’s succession,

10:516

Maeterlinck, Maurice,

9:323n

Magnes, Judah Leon (1877–1948),

9:198n

Magnet,

3:349

permanent,

3:354, 375;

field of,

5:431

relative motion between conductor and,

2:276, 295; 3:141–142, 369–370

Magnetic charge,

1:200–201

Magnetic field,

1:5, 6–9, 203, 223–225; 3:132, 138, 142, 170–171, 255–256, 257n, 272–273, 349, 353, 374, 388, 555

boundary conditions for magnetic force vector H,

2:505–506, 512, 515–516, 532–534, 535n

of current,

3:353

decomposition of,

3:377

definition of strength of,

4:9

determination of,

3:370, 398n

differential equations of,

3:356

energy of,

3:350

in galvanometer,

1:32–35

induction vector B,

2:505–506, 510–512, 516, 519, 520, 523, 537–538

intensity of,

3:136, 255, 399n (see also Electric force)

motion in,

3:369–370, 518n

and permanent magnets,

3:354

properties of,

3:354

strength H,

2:292–295, 506, 510–517, 523–526, 537–539

terrestrial,

1:34–35, 206–207

transformation equations for,

2:292–296, 301, 411, 417, 420, 449–450, 507

of a wire,

3:383, 399n

See also Electric field; Electromagnetic field

Magnetic force,

1:200–210; 2:295, 453, 503. See also Magnetic field; Ponderomotive force

Magnetic gyroscopic effect,

9:7

Magnetic moment,

1:205, 206, 207

and angular momentum,

6:146, 147, 152, 152–155, 174–175, 191–192 7:xxix, 586–589

of ferromagnetic crystal,

6:159, 180

macroscopic,

6:147, 154, 168, 174, 187

molecular, temperature independent,

6:146, 152, 173, 191

Magnetic monopoles, nonexistence of,

3:348.

Magnetic polarization,

1:223; 2:520, 523; 4:18–19, 86

Magnetic poles,

1:203

Magnetic properties of media and matter,

2:503, 505–507, 512, 517, 517n, 520, 523–524

Magnetic saturation,

3:226

Magnetic susceptibility,

3:398n

Magnetism,

1:6, 224; 3:217, 221–227, 245n, 348, 518n; 6:145, 151, 467, 468

AE on difficulties in explaining,

1:237, 287

AE’s lectures on electricity and,

3:xvii, 8, 126n–l27n, 316–396, 396n–400n, 598–599

Ampère’s work on,

6:145, 151, 153, 173, 191

bound,

3:349

change in,

3:226

discussions on with Ehrenfest,

10:344

duality of electricity and,

2:526, 528n; 4:25, 26

elementary magnets in crystals,

10:366

experimental investigations on nature of,

10:28

experiments on

Barnett’s,

6:149, 231

Eichenwald’s,

6:48, 67n

Röntgen’s,

6:48, 67n

Wilson’s,

6:48, 67n

induction,

4:11, 19

kinetic theory of,

3:518n; 4:534n

at low temperatures,

10:303, 356

nonexistence of true,

3:389

Oersted’s work on,

6:145, 151, 173, 191

Röntgen’s experiments on,

4:17, 27

in superconductors,

10:494

terrestrial,

6:146, 148, 149, 155, 159, 163, 180, 182, 272, 273; 8:79, 345n;

experiment on,

10:533, 544

topic discussed on Third Solvay Congress,

10:303

units of,

3:518n

See also Ampère’s molecular currents; Curie’s law; Diamagnetism; Ferromagnetism; Paramagnetism

Magnetometer,

3:360

Magnetomotive force,

2:295, 309n; 3:356; 4:27, 84; 6:155, 231

Magneton,

8:134

Magnetostatics,

4:23, 127, 194, 488

Magnette, Charles,

9:55n

“Magnet-Woche,”

10:xlvi–xlvii, 366, 368, 373, 404, 468, 469n, 495n, 603c;

planned,

344, 356. See also Ehrenfest, Paul; Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike

Magnus, Alfred (1880–1960),

3:476n; 9:568c; 10:585c, 587c, 588c, 592c

requests KWIP funds for research on specific heat of solids at low temperature,

9:557c;

granted,

560c, 567c

Maier, Ernst (1873–1916),

1:298, 299n

Maier, Gustav, (1844–1923),

1:10, 272; 8:970;

biography,

1:384

Maier, Gustav and Regina, express condolences on Pauline Einstein’s death,

10:583c

“Maier, Madame Federico,” AE’s pet name for Einstein-Marić,

1:261

Maitre, Ida,

8:338

Majorana, Quirino (1871–1957), on absorption of gravitation,

10:287, 296

Majority Social Democrats.

See Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands

Majority Socialists.

See Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands

Malkin, Israel,

10:385–386

Maloja region, AE’s hiking trip in,

5:541, 542, 542n, 543n, 544;

itinerary of,

545

Mamlock, Gotthold (1876–1942?),

7:448n

Mamroth, Paul (1859–1938),

8:450

Manchester University Jewish Students’ Society,

7:435n

Mandelshtam, Leonid (1879–1944),

5:540n; 8:283n;

paper on surface fluctuations, lecture by AE on,

5:540

Manifesto to the Civilized World.

See Appeal: “An die Kulturwelt”

Manifesto of Democratic Party,

8:948

Manifesto to the Europeans.

See Appeal: “An die Europäer”

Manifesto of the 93.

See Appeal: “An die Kulturwelt”

Manifesto of reconciliation,

8:532n, 636n

Manifestos, statistics of academic signatories of,

8:532n

Mann, Heinrich (1871–1950),

8:947n; 9:103n

Mann, Thomas (1875–1955),

6:582n; 9:392, 394

Betrachtungen eines Unpolitischen,

9:396n

Das Odeon, invites AE to join editorial board of,

9:392

political views of,

9:394

Mannoury, Gerrit (1867–1956), on general relativistic kinematics based on worldlines and worldpoints,

10:605c

Marangoni family, AE visits,

8:77

Marburg School of philosophy,

9:478

Marckwald, Willy (1864–?),

7:340n

Marconi Co.,

7:366n

Marcus Aurelius,

10:347

Marić, Marija (1847–1935),

1:249, 295; 5:9, 10n, 115n, 225n, 556n; 8:4n, 338n; 10:122n, 229n

attitude toward Einstein-Marić’s relationship with AE,

1:xxxvii, 295, 317, 321

crisis with Einstein-Marić over letter from AE’s parents,

1:xxxvii, 319–320

Marić, Mileva.

See Einstein-Marić, Mileva

Marić, Miloš (1846–1922),

1:59, 321n, 380; 5:9, 10n, 115n, 225n, 556n; 8:4n, 338n, 817n; 10:122n, 229n

AE suggests Einstein-Marić consult about keeping Lieserl,

1:324

crisis with Einstein-Marić over letter from AE’s parents,

1:xxxvii, 319–320

informs AE of Lieserl’s birth,

1:332, 333n

relationship with Einstein-Marić,

1:314

Marić, Miloš, Jr. (1885–1944),

5:115n; 8:338; 10:229n

medical studies of,

5:225n

military service of,

5:225

Marić, Zorka (1883–1938),

1:261, 262, 266, 267n; 5:115n, 225n, 344n, 345n; 8:4n, 64, 320, 338, 339, 340, 503n, 1010c; 9:214, 271n, 304n; 10:49, 84, 99, 129, 144, 227n, 229n

AE sends books to,

1:293, 326

arrival in Zurich,

1:266, 268, 269n

ill with depression,

8:658, 665

invites AE to visit,

1:310–311

lives with sister Mileva,

10:102

placed in a mental institution,

10:143

Mariotte’s law.

See Boyle-Mariotte law

Markhauser, Wolfgang (1830–19l0),

1:13

Markov, Andrei (1856–1922),

3:268n

Markstaller, Robert (1865–1933),

1:225n

Markwalder, Stephanie (1851–1934),

1:229, 230, 232, 238, 254, 255n, 374

Marmonier, Louis,

7:195n

Mars,

8:101n, 388;

perihelion motion of,

4:459n; 6:242

Marthe, J. J.,

9:601c

Martienssen, Oscar (1874–1954),

8:838

Martin, Nikolaus,

1:351

Martin, Rudolf (1864–1925),

5:34n, 36n

Marval, C. de,

8:110

Marx, ?,

576

Marx, August (1864–1934),

5:324, 324n, 331n, 378, 559n; 9:294n, 306, 340n;

AE visits in Karlsruhe,

5:378n

Marx, Clementine (1842–1930),

5:558, 559n

Marx, Erich (1874–1956),

3:504n; 5:122n; 9:349, 360–361; 10:577c

cathode rays, polemic with Laub on,

5:121

and paper of AE,

4:3–7

Marx, Erich (1901–1990),

5:331n

Marx, H. C., requests KWIP funds for research on mechanics and heat theory,

8:1025c

Marx, Lise (1875–1957),

5:331n

Marx, Lore (1899–1964),

5:331n

Marx, Otto (1886–1973),

5:510n; 8:577;

requests AE’s help,

5:509

Marx, Walter (1907–1984),

5:331n

Marx family, AE visits,

5:331

Maschinchen, Einstein’s, for the measurement of small charges,

2:221–222; 489–491; 3:9, 339–341, 397n–398n; 5:51–55, 87, 123; 9:69n

AE’s optimism about future of,

5:54, 379, 381

completion of,

5:53, 140, 144;

of second copy,

150

construction of,

5:53, 70, 131

copy: in Tübingen,

5:54;

in Winterthur,

54

demonstration of

in Berlin,

5:379, 381, 383n, 406, 437

Paul Habicht’s,

5:54

design for, Paul Habicht’s,

5:154

experiments with

AE’s,

5:150, 152, 161

AE’s and Conrad Habicht’s,

5:169, 230

final form of,

5:53

flaws of,

5:53, 54

gilding of,

5:55, 406, 437

Haber’s interest in,

5:383

improvements of, Paul Habicht’s,

5:338, 339

influence on by electromagnetic waves,

5:475

invention of,

5:51, 56

Kowalski on,

5:111

paper on

by AE,

5:52, 98

by Conrad and Paul Habicht,

5:53, 230

problems of,

5:189;

with contacts,

132n, 219

selling of,

5:54

suggested modifications of, Paul Habicht’s,

5:141–142

testing of,

5:53

unwanted charges on

elimination of,

5:340n

Paul Habicht’s comments on,

5:383, 437

work on

AE’s,

5:124n, 163n, 216n

Gasser’s,

5:53, 89

Paul Habicht’s,

5:82, 90, 222

in Winterthur,

5:90

Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon,

8:137n, 401n

Maschke, Georg,

8:708, 709, 1017c

Maslać, Mara (1906–?),

5:45n

Mass,

3:5, 24, 64

of atoms,

2:396n

concept of,

3:396n

conservation of,

2:366; 3:174, 438, 488

constancy of,

2:464

definition of,

2:486n–487n

definition of unit of,

6:102

dependence on energy of,

2:462–466 (see also Equivalence of mass and energy)

distribution of in universe,

7:371n, 394, 421

electric,

2:168n, 456, 561

of electrons,

3:439n, 443 (see also Beta-rays)

and energy

(see Equivalence of mass and energy)

gravitating,

7:139n

inertial,

3:xxix, 21

inertial and gravitational

(see Equivalence principle; Mass, equality of inertial and gravitational)

law of conservation of,

4:64, 98, 546, 613; 6:4, 455, 456, 457

longitudinal,

2:270, 303–304, 310n, 370, 372n, 486n

Mach’s definition of,

3:9, 15, 126n, 396n; 4:102n

molecular, Sutherland on,

2:171

negative,

8:375n

rest,

4:98

transverse,

2:270–271, 303–304, 370, 372n, 486n

unit of,

3:19

See also Gravitational mass; Inertial mass

Mass action, law of,

4:110, 115–121; 7:329

Mass density

average in universe,

9:267

in five-dimensional theory,

9:57n

Mass distribution in universe

and geometry,

8:630–631, 638–639, 650–651, 661–662

homogeneous,

8:428, 654n, 691, 699–700, 786

inhomogeneous,

8:428

self-restoring,

8:475n, 652n–653n, 691, 694n, 699–700

and star velocities,

8:787

Mass-energy equivalence.

See Equivalence of mass and energy

Mass, equality of inertial and gravitational,

2:273–274, 465, 484, 487n; 3:5, 21, 126n, 488–491; 4:64, 154, 158, 177, 184, 185, 299, 304, 322, 475, 476, 478, 482, 488, 505, 506, 507, 508, 575, 585, 591, 596, 614–616 ; 6:8, 128, 280, 288, 404, 468, 493, 529–530; 7:xxxii, 119, 201n, 208, 214, 266–267, 369; 8:197, 198n, 80; 9:267

AE’s proposed test of using uranium,

5:497

Eötvös’s experiments on,

4:304, 305, 478, 489, 493, 508, 585, 614, 621n; 6:288; 7:147, 267, 536; 8:600, 718n;

AE’s ignorance of,

5:498n

and general principle of relativity,

6:469–472; 7:376, 408, 432

Laue on,

5:384

Southern’s experiments on,

5:498n

tests of,

8:602, 608, 624;

AE’s ignorance of,

198n

See also Equivalence principle

Mass horizon,

8:355, 485, 501, 720, 724, 728, 741, 757, 765–767, 776, 786–787

Mass point, fundamental equations of,

3:11–18, 26–36, 124–125, 125n

Massart, Jean (1865–1925),

8:347n; 9:xliii, 54

Massart appeal,

8:346, 347n, 361, 363, 364n, 419, 429

Mass-energy equivalence.

See Equivalence of mass and energy.

Mastic emulsions, viscosity of

Bancelin’s experiments on,

5:267n

discrepancy between experimental results and AE’s prediction,

5:218n, 266, 268, 270

Material medium

conducting

(see Electrical conductor)

dielectric,

2:503, 505, 513–517, 517n

electric state of,

2:503–504, 507

electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor of

(see Energy-momentum tensor, electromagnetic)

Materialism,

6:522

Mathematical versus physical way of thinking,

8:749–750

Mathematical Society of Göttingen, lectures to

by Hilbert,

8:195

by Klein,

8:712n, 791, 805, 825, 833n

by Runge,

8:688, 699n

Mathematics

certainty of,

7:385

heuristic value of,

8:569

and physical reality,

7:385–387

See also Geometry

Mathematics and physics,

3:152, 426, 447–448. See also Probability; Simplicity

Mathematische Annalen,

9:259, 276

AE invited to join editorial board of,

9:317

contract for with Springer publishing house, signatories of,

9:602c

Mathematische Zeitschrift,

9:76

Matter,

3:11, 506n

absorption and emission of,

2:548

AE pursues laws for, on constructive basis,

1:xli

atomic constitution of,

3:136, 283–284

atomistic constitution of

(see Atomic-molecular hypothesis; Quantum: of matter)

distinction between ether and,

1:285

electrical properties of,

2:xviii, xxviii, 503–507, 509–517, 519–522

as energy knots in ether,

8:578n

interaction of with fields,

2:520

interaction of with light,

2:xvii–xviii, 134, 141, l50, 383, 548, 553n, 585–586

models of,

2:504, 586

motion of

relative to earth,

2:255, 256–257, 262, 276, 434–435, 567–568

relative to ether,

1:225, 316; 2:255

optical properties of,

1:279–280; 2:xviii, xxviii, 503

ponderable,

2:564; 3:131, 325

spectral properties of,

1:xl, 236

structure of,

2:265, 405

thermal properties of,

2:xxviii, 405 (see also Solid bodies, specific heat of)

velocity of,

2:509, 540

vortex theory of, Bucherer on,

5:149

See also Ether

Matter, Karl (1874–1957),

1:250n, 253, 255, 260, 263

Matthies, Wilhelm, University of Basel, invites AE to lecture at,

10:602c;

postponed,

606c

Matura examinations.

See Aargau Kantonsschule: Matura examinations

Maturitätsprüfung, AE on,

6:581, 582n

Maurer, Julius (1857–1938),

5:505n, 551n, 560, 567

Mauthner, Fritz,

9:558c

Maxwell, James Clerk (1831–1879),

2:4, 42, 48, 73n, 309n, 503, 565; 3:127n; 5:300; 6:122, 457, 525, 526; 7:86, 431, 518; 8:197, 198n

and Ampère’s molecular currents,

6:145, 149, 231

determination of absolute motion of solar system by,

10:516

electrodynamics, local action theory of,

7:319, 372, 407

electromagnetic theory,

1:xxxix, 5, 223

experiment of on gyromagnetic effect,

10:503n

on mechanical model of ether,

7:279n, 310, 321n

on radiometer effect,

9:48n, 49

theory of radiometer of,

10:284n, 290

See also Electromagnetic energy; Kinetic theory of gases; Light; Thermodynamics; Transport coefficients: Maxwell-Kirchhoff method of calculating

Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution,

2:252n, 344n–345n, 352. See also Boltzmann distribution

Maxwell distribution law,

2:68, 84, 235n, 344n–345n, 589; 3:209–211, 242n, 244n, 507n, 508; 5:164, 359; 6:382, 383, 385, 389; 8:37n; 9:571c; 10:356n

constant of,

3:211

Maxwell field tensor,

4:22–24, 91–94, 264n, 266n, 269n, 567; 6:59–63, 106, 264–267, 327–328; 7:352, 525, 561

Maxwell-Hertz equations,

2:301, 308n, 509, 510

with convection currents,

2:301, 486n

for empty space,

2:292, 293, 312, 486n

relativistic transformation of,

2:292–295, 510–511

Maxwell hydrodynamics,

7:453

Maxwell velocity distribution.

See Maxwell distribution law

Maxwell-Kirchhoff method.

See Transport coefficients: Maxwell-Kirchhoff method of calculating

Maxwell-Lorentz electrodynamics.

See Electrodynamics

Maxwell-Lorentz equations,

2:xxii, xxvii, 145–146, 257–258, 363, 449, 542; 3:170, 250, 252; 8:142n. See also Electromagnetic field: equations of

Maxwell-Lorentz theory.

See Electrodynamics; Maxwell’s theory

Maxwell thermodynamic relations,

1:120; 2:241n

Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory,

2:xvii, xxi, xxvi–xxvii, xxviii, 42, 43, 134, 135, 136, 140, 141, 146, 150, 151, 155, 255–257, 259, 265, 276, 397n, 308n, 309n, 350, 351, 354, 377n, 381, 435, 451, 503, 543, 545, 549; 3:xviii, 135, 178, 283–284, 366, 457, 465, 517, 523, 542–543, 556; 4:9–12, 36, 39, 102n, 487, 488, 509, 550n, 562, 584; 7:247

apparent contradiction of relativity of,

5:57

for bodies at rest,

2:277

energy in, AE on,

5:225–226, 229, 230n

limits of validity of,

2:xxviii, 134, 256, 265, 309n, 415

modification of, AE on,

5:194

superluminal velocity in,

5:56, 57, 58;

AE on,

61, 63–64, 71

See also Electrodynamics; Electromagnetic field

Maxwell’s equations,

2:148, 263–264, 268–269, 308n, 360, 375, 414–416, 485n, 503, 526–527, 585; 3:xix, 9, 136, 178n, 276, 298, 311n, 358, 386, 422, 517, 557; 5:33, 50; 8:349

with constant dielectrical constant,

3:298

in empty space,

2:145, 256, 257, 411, 415, 520, 542, 586

Galilean transformations of,

2:256

generalized,

8:195, 584

Hertz’s form of

(see Maxwell-Hertz equations)

homogeneous, generally relativistic,

8:304n

mechanical explanation of,

2:260

from metric,

8:670

modification of in radiation theory, Lorentz on,

5:178

in moving media,

2:255, 257–258, 503–504

nonlinear modifications of,

2:148

for perfect conductors,

10:xlvii, 520n

relativistic transformation of,

2:257 (see also Maxwell-Hertz equations)

validity of: AE on,

5:87, 245

Lorentz on,

177

validity of near oscillator,

3:507

See also Electromagnetic field: equations of; Maxwell-Lorentz equations

Maxwell stress tensor.

See Energy-momentum tensor: of electromagnetic field.

Mayer, Alfred (1836–1897),

7:478n, 480, 482n

Mayer, Dismas,

1:347

Mayer, Edmund,

9:103–104, 105n

Mayer, Johann, requests KWIP funds,

8:1020c

Mayer, Julius Robert (1814–1878),

1:105; 2:329, 330n; 5:501, 502n

Mean free path,

4:527–529; 6:577

Measurement,

7:250, 351

of space,

6:101, 289–291, 292–294, 404, 407, 418, 427–430, 431, 443–444, 462, 478–479, 484–485, 530; 7:251, 253, 388

of time,

6:48, 101, 289–291, 292–294, 404, 418, 440, 442, 462, 478–479, 484–485, 512–513, 530; 7:251

See also Clock; Experiments; Measuring rod; Simultaneity

Measuring instruments

for small charges

(see Maschinchen, Einstein’s)

Thomson’s multiplier,

3:340–341

voltage,

3:339–341, 397n

See also Electrometer; Galvanometer; Magnetometer

Measuring rod,

4:141, 543; 6:76, 101, 285, 289, 292, 426, 427–430, 497, 530; 7:251, 400–401, 509

in accelerated reference frame,

2:308n, 477

behavior of, in gravitational field,

6:333–335, 490–491, 492, 500–501, 549; 7:168, 209, 214, 272

definition of,

4:37, 131, 150, 490

equivalent,

2:308n

as fundamental concept,

7:352–353, 390–392, 416n

independence of prehistory of,

7:257, 391, 412–413

influence of gravitation on,

4:309–310, 480, 549

moving,

6:290, 448–449, 477–480, 537n 7:208, 213, 252, 523;

length of,

2:280–282, 442–444, 485n (see also Contraction hypothesis, Lorentz-FitzGerald; Length contraction, relativistic)

physical theory without assumption of portability of,

7:413

rest length,

2:442, 485n

See also Measurement: of space

Measuring-rod objection,

8:710, 720–721, 724, 726–727, 742, 803–804, 859, 878, 893, 934, 956, 967

Meat rationing in Switzerland,

8:730n

Mechanical equivalent of heat.

See Heat: mechanical equivalent of

Mechanical system.

See System: mechanical

Mechanical theory of heat.

See Heat: mechanical theory of

Mechanical worldview.

See Worldview: mechanical

Mechanics

AE’s lecture notes on,

4:209n, 355

AE’s lectures on,

3:xvii, 3–9, 11–125, 125n–l29n, 572, 593, 598–599

as analogy to explain action-at-a-distance forces,

10:488

classical

(see Classical mechanics)

of continua,

10:241

elastic forces in,

3:461

and electrodynamics,

3:523

electromagnetic foundation of,

2:565 (see also Worldview: electromagnetic)

and equipartition theorem,

9:290

foundations of,

3:466, 524

as fundamental science,

6:433, 526, 577

Galilei-Newtonian,

2:xxviii, 253, 277, 456, 462

general principles of,

3:4, 68, 84–95, 116–123

general relativistic

of deformable bodies,

8:368–370

of solid bodies,

8:934–935, 951

limitations of,

3:518n, 522, 538

as analogy to explain action-at-a-distance forces,

10:488

molecular

(see Molecular mechanics)

relativistic,

2:455, 456

statistical

(see Statistical mechanics)

technical,

3:5

and thermodynamics,

3:128n–l29n, 423n

and time-reversal invariance,

10:54

See also Galilean mechanics; Newtonian mechanics

Mechanistic worldview,

1:5; 10:489n

Meckel, Aurel,

7:478n–479n, 480

Mecklenburg, monarchism in,

9:260;

political climate in, AE on,

280

Mecklenburg, Duke Adolf Friedrich von,

9:280

Medicine, forensic,

1:334, 335n

Medicus, Fritz (1876–1956),

9:445, 449–450, 478, 483, 529; 10:256

Meinecke, Friedrich (1862–1954),

10:242

Meinhardt, Wilhelm (1872–1955),

9:147, 576c

Meissner, Alexander (1883–1958),

7:366n

feedback,

7:365–367n

infringement of patent of,

10:486

Meissner, Ernst (1883–1939),

3:445, 447–448, 449n

Meissner, Janka,

8:884; 9:48, 192; 10:282

Meissner, Karl (1891–1959),

8:853, 885n; 9:192; 10:197

Meissner, Walther (1882–1974), on rumors of AE’s intention to leave Berlin,

10:397

Meissners, landlords at Haberlandstraße,

10:114, 121

Meitner, Lise (1878–1968),

8:933; 9:397; 10:286;

planned fluctuation experiment with AE,

8:874, 875

Melander, Gustaf (1861–1938),

8:370

Melchtal (Melchthal), Canton of Obwalden,

1:248–253 passim, 257, 375. See also Kurhaus Melchthal

Melde, Franz (1873–1901),

9:127

Melting point,

3:xxiv, 470, 475n–476n

Membranes

physical properties of,

2:46

semipermeable,

2:8, 40n, 124n, 224, 227, 497

AE’s interest in,

5:16n

Besso on,

5:13, 14, 15

Sutherland’s hypothesis on,

5:13, 16n

Memorandum against annexations,

8:174

Mendeleev, Dmitry Ivanovich (1834–1907),

2:19, 21n

Mendelism,

9:506

Mendelsohn, Erich (1887–1953),

9:614c; 10:571c

Mendelssohn, Franz von,

9:108n

Mendelssohn, Moses (1729–1786),

10:xl, 390

Mendelssohn & Co.,

8:513, 1017c, 1027c; 9:570c, 575c, 587c, 589c, 609c, 615c; 10:590c, 592c

Mendelssohn Bartholdi, Felix (1809–1847),

10:77, 156

Menger, Anton,

10:134

Menozzi, Angelo,

1:282n

Menschen,

7:381n

Mentz,

8:1011c

Mercur Aircraft Co.,

8:588, 708

Mercury (element), resistance of thread of, AE on,

5:338

Mercury (planet), perihelion motion of.

See Perihelion motion of Mercury

Mereschkowsky, Constantin von, requests AE’s help to publish his book,

9:554c

Mergentheim, preferred by AE over Tarasp as resort,

10:100

Meridian-top,

6:137

Merritt, Ernest (1865–1945),

9:228

Merton, Wilhelm (1848–1916),

8:941

Merz, Karl,

1:269n

Metals,

3:316

absorption of radiation by,

2:145

alkali,

2:35n

compressibility of,

3:471

conductivity of pure,

3:501

contact electricity in,

2:171

electrons in,

3:232–233, 500

photoelectric sensitivity of,

2:141, 168n, 354–357

potential differences between solutions of,

2:23–39

surface of,

3:351

See also Electron theory of metals

Meteorological-Magnetic Observatory, Potsdam,

4:607n; 8:60n

Method

analytic versus synthetic,

7:206, 213

axiomatic,

7:272, 385–390, 403n

deductive,

7:xxxiv, 56–57, 59n, 219–220n, 278

inductive,

7:xxxiv, xxxvi, 219–220n

of theoretical physics,

7:xxxiv–xxxvii, 59n, 219

Methuen publishing house.

See Publishers

Metric, conformal theory of.

See Conformal theory

Metric field

as cause of inertia and gravitation,

7:xxxii–xxxiii, 370

as gravitational potential,

7:278

Metric tensor,

4:192–197, 294, 297, 308, 309, 314, 476, 480, 494–497, 549, 569, 573, 590, 592, 594, 619; 6:76, 79, 109, 118, 121, 124, 293–294, 410, 531, 533, 548; 7:46, 149–150, 155–156, 177n, 274–278, 281n, 377, 409, 451, 539–540, 542–543, 547, 555, 557, 573n

approximated,

6:127, 235–237, 332, 334

and choice of frame of reference,

6:9–11, 110, 123, 124, 352, 541

contravariant,

6:82–83, 302

covariant,

6:79–80, 301–302

determinant of,

4:311, 325, 481, 494; 6:82, 83, 94, 121, 216, 302, 303, 311

condition on value of,

6:222, 228, 235, 245, 304, 316, 318, 319, 321, 322, 323, 330, 348, 356, 416n, 544

transformation of,

6:303

formation of new tensors with,

6:304–305, 314

for mass point,

6:351–352

Minkowski’s

(see Minkowski metric)

nonsymmetric, on earlier attempts at using,

8:610–611, 656

ratio of coefficients,

7:412–416n

relations concerning,

6:82–87, 93–94, 302–305, 310–311

and Riemann condition,

6:532

for spatially closed universe,

6:549

variation of,

6:15, 114–116

Métropole Hotel,

5:358n

Mettler, Gino,

8:1026c; 9:xlviii

Mettmenstetten, Canton of Zurich,

1:219–223, 225–227, 229–233, 312–315, 329n, 374, 376;

AE’s walking tour from,

5:3n

Mewes, Rudolf, against relativity,

10:584c

Meyer, Edgar (1879–1960),

3:547n; 4:110, 586; 5:203n, 287n, 308, 335, 419; 8:75, 76n, 172, 548, 851, 852n, 884, 909, 911n, 915, 933, 935, 953; 9:4n, 8n, 17n, 50n, 148n, 152, 153n, 192, 214, 318n, 329, 344, 366, 367n, 377, 395–396, 458n, 529, 552c, 573c, 591c; 10:36, 67, 178, 192, 197, 198, 201, 207, 211, 496

accident of,

10:197

as advocate of Germany in Zurich,

9:367

on AE considering leaving Berlin,

10:481

AE helps getting position,

8:75

AE invites,

5:205

AE praises,

8:172n

on AE’s article in Times (London),

9:302

on appreciation for AE in Zurich,

9:300

asks AE for intervention regarding position for Rosenberg,

10:594c

Campbell, polemic with,

5:221n

Ehrenhaft, repeats experiments of,

8:902, 904, 916; 9:7

Epstein, recommends for position,

9:8n, 498

fluctuations

experiments on,

8:875n

in radioactive decay, work on,

5:209n, 254, 285n;

AE on,

5:207–209, 213, 220, 284, 418;

with Müller,

5:214n

gamma rays, work on,

5:268; 8:874, 875

on GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim,

10:481

Hopf, collaboration with,

5:417

invites AE

to ETH and University of Zurich,

8:852–853, 856, 858, 870, 872

to stay with him,

9:381

leaves Zurich for Aachen,

5:206n

offers institute to AE,

8:853

publication of paper, AE’s advice on,

5:240

requests AE’s opinion on Epstein, Ratnowsky, Scherrer, Tank,

9:382

on scientific community in Zurich,

9:301

solicits recommendation from AE,

10:28

Stark, conflict with,

5:418n;

Hopf’s comments on,

5:417

on Swiss democracy,

10:481

Technical University of Aachen, appointment at,

5:203n;

AE’s congratulations on,

268

University of Tübingen,

appointment at,

5:417, 417n

candidate for position at,

9:366–367

finds reactionary,

10:284

University of Zurich

appointment at,

8:172n

candidacy for AE’s chair at, AE on,

5:284

on full professorship for AE at,

9:301

invites AE to,

10:481

proposes to invite AE to give course at,

9:300; 564c

Meyer, Edgar Michel (1907–1969),

5:209n

Meyer, Eduard (1855–1930),

7:283n, 285, 287n; 9:350n, 425–426, 429

on charges against Nicolai,

9:384

University of Berlin

on regulations of admission at,

9:425–426

on uproar at AE’s lecture at,

9:426–427

Meyer, Else (1884–1964),

5:209n

Meyer, Eugen,

1:351

Meyer, Georg (1875–1962),

5:199n;

AE’s apologies to,

5:199n

Meyer, Hans,

9:147, 575c

Meyer, Isaak (1883–1967),

10:415;

offers to forge gates for Hebrew University in honor of AE,

10:415

Meyer, Lothar (1830–1895),

8:671

Meyer, Oskar Emil (1834–1909),

1:294; 2:43, 104; 5:114, 115n

Meyer, Stefan (1872–1949),

9:251–252, 399

Meyer von Knonau, Gerold,

4:357

Meyer-Schmid, Anna (1882–1948),

5:181n

AE thanks for card,

5:181

AE’s affection for,

5:199n

letter to AE, Einstein-Marić’s annoyance at,

5:199n

Meyerson, Emile,

8:63n

Michaelis, Georg (1857–1936),

8:507n

Michaëlis, Sophus (1865–1932),

8:761; 9:351

Michelson, Albert (1852–1931),

2:262; 3:138–139; 5:385, 385n, 485; 6:460; 7:443n, 603, 624, 626

Michelson-Morley experiment,

1:224, 234n; 2:255, 438, 568; 3:138–140, 161, 444; 4:32, 34, 45, 182, 493, 539, 540, 545; 5:486n; 6:48, 67n, 460–461, 526, 527, 536n; 7:5, 7n, 248, 250, 373, 407, 431, 463–467, 469n, 517, 595, 603; 8:71, 840, 881, 908; 9:534; 10:315n

AE’s first mention of,

2:434, 485n

negative result of,

2:xxvi, 256, 259, 434–435, 568

Michelson-Morley-type experiments,

8:651, 662

Michonis Lectures at Collège de France

AE invited to give,

5:571

Lorentz invited to give,

5:571n

Microcanonical ensemble.

See Ensemble: micro-canonical

Microstates,

2:53;

canonical distribution of,

2:96n, 107n–108n. See also States

Mie, Gustav (1868–1957),

4:502n, 510n, 577n, 578n, 621n; 5:551n; 6:345n; 7:27n, 42n–44n, 122n; 8:217, 353, 670n, 880n, 898n; 9:88n, 97, 389n, 435n, 463, 532

absolute frame, discussion with AE on,

8:692–693, 700

on absolute space and time,

8:631

asks AE’s opinion on Weyl,

9:97

axiom of general relativity of gravitational potential,

8:459, 460n–461n, 462

on causality,

8:648

cosmological model of AE, discussion with AE on,

8:475n

“Entwurf” theory, criticism of,

4:298, 505–509, 572, 577n; 5:594, 594n, 595;

AE’sresponse,

4:510n, 572–576, 621n

at GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim,

7:110, 352, 355, 357n

gravitation, discussion with AE at GDNÄ meeting in Vienna,

4:505–509; 5:551n

inquires about research funds from KWIP,

9:98

invites AE,

8:463

mass distribution in universe, discussion with AE on,

8:630–631, 638–639, 650–651, 654n, 661–662, 691, 699–700

personal discussion with AE in Berlin,

8:748, 749

on philosophy,

8:753n

on privileged frame,

8:750–752

relativistic standpoint, discussion with AE on,

8:639, 648–650, 659–661

on rotating charged spheres in general relativity,

10:349

theory of light diffraction of,

10:296n

theory of matter of,

4:501n, 505–509, 575, 577n, 615; 6:345n, 416n; 7:131, 137, 139n, 572n; 8:217n, 289n, 364n, 460n–461n

AE on,

5:550

relation to unified field theory of Hilbert,

8:216

underwater telegraphy, work on,

8:569n

Weyl, praises unified field theory of,

8:956n

Wolfskehl lectures by,

8:291, 459–460, 460n, 461n, 462, 569, 571–572, 577–578, 587, 649, 650, 750, 752;

AE cannot attend,

8:453

Mie’s solution,

8:653n

Miescher, Albert,

1:53

Milan

AE’s travels to,

1:xxxvii, lxiii–lxiv, 215–216, 219, 230–239 passim, 255–267 passim, 279–297 passim, 373, 374, 375

Einstein family and firm (offices) move to,

1:liv

as residence of AE’s parents,

1:53, 54, 246, 272

Milan Polytechnic,

8:146n

Militarism,

8:945

Military applications of physics

by Laue,

8:472n

by Mie,

8:569n

by Thirring,

8:559n

by Wien,

8:472n

Military service book,

1:277–278

Milk rationing: in Germany,

8:730n;

in Switzerland,

730n

Milky Way,

10:500

Mill, John Stuart (1806–1873),

2:xxv, 260, 261, 307n; 6:279; 9:449

Miller, Dayton (1866–1940),

7:469n

Miller, Oskar von,

8:822, 823n

Millikan, Robert (1868–1953),

2:142, 168n–169n, 222; 3:507n–509n; 7:443n–444n, 624, 626; 10:517

experiments on photoelectric effect,

2:142, 168n–169n

on producing hydrogen,

10:595c

Third Solvay Congress, invited to,

10:303

Milner, Samuel (1875–1958),

9:257

Minister of Education,

8:40n, 412n, 530n, 564n, 595n, 596n, 597n, 600n, 622n, 722, 852n

as member of Kuratorium of KWIP,

8:530n

Minister of Finance,

8:40n

Ministry of Education,

8:56n, 86n, 601n, 606n, 678, 684, 730, 851n, 953

Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

8:746n

Minkowski, Hermann (1864–1909),

1:61, 265, 330, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369; 2:4, 267, 503, 504, 506, 509, 519; 3:169, 175n, 438, 444–445; 4:3, 502n; 5:77n, 156, 162n, 365, 434, 527; 8:4, 803; 9:556c; 10:5, 521

on AE’s first paper on special relativity,

8:526

capillarity, review article on,

2:4

death of,

5:365n

electrodynamics of moving media of

(see Electrodynamics of moving media: Minkowski’s theory of)

four-dimensional formulation of special relativity of

(see Relativity, special theory of: four-dimensional formulation of)

ponderomotive force of

(see Ponderomotive force: Minkowski’s expression for)

on principle of relativity,

6:423

requests reprints,

5:77

on symmetry of energy-momentum tensor,

5:552

withdrawal from ETH,

5:365n

works of,

8:234

Minkowski, Rudolf (1895–1976),

9:229

Minkowski metric,

4:199, 212n, 229n, 258n, 308, 346, 348, 442, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 464, 494, 497, 569; 6:84, 99, 121, 124, 235, 266, 293, 331, 546, 550; 7:356

Minkowskian space-time, five-dimensional,

8:778, 786, 805. See also Space-time continuum, Minkowski’s

Mintrop, Ludger (1880–1956),

8:707

Mirimanoff, Dmitry (1861–1945),

2:507, 537–540, 540n; 5:157n; 8:7n

AE invites,

8:6

AE on paper by,

5:156, 157, 157n

relativistic electrodynamics, discussion with AE on,

8:4–5, 6

Mirror,

3:139

Brownian motion of,

3:454

moving,

3:178n, 281n

in radiation field,

2:146, 546–547; 3:281n, 454, 455n

Mises, Richard von (1883–1953),

9:259, 318, 420, 601c; 10:295, 351

AE on manuscript by,

9:275–276

on equipartition theorem,

9:276, 290

on ergodic hypothesis,

9:276

helps Kottler get position,

9:436

Missenharter, Hermann (1886–1962),

9:70n

Mittag-Leffler, Gösta (1846–1927),

9:308, 611c; 10:568c;

solicits paper from AE on Poincaré,

341, 592c

Mittwoch, Eugen,

9:434n

Mixing tube,

6:553–554

Mixture of fluid with suspended spheres,

2:194–198;

coefficient of friction of,

2:198

Moch, Gaston (1859–?),

9:614c, 616c

on AE awakening Germany from its dream of sixty years,

10:329

asks AE for opinion on pacifism of Pflüger,

10:329

on his method of translation,

10:328

offers to translate Einstein 1917a into French,

10:569c;

denied,

327

translates Egidy’s articles,

10:329

Model,

3:319, 421n, 538–539

of electricity,

3:9

of heat conduction,

3:532

of magnetization,

3:518n

molecular,

3:348, 405, 407n

Modellversuchsanstalt, Göttingen,

8:577n;

wind tunnel of,

10:106n

Modersohn-Becker, Paula (1876–1907),

8:138n

Moeller-Grevé, Maria, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:596c

Mohrmann, Hans (1881–1941),

9:192

Moissi, Alexander (1880–1935), expresses sympathy for AE,

10:392–393

Mojoïu, Pierre,

5:401

Molar volume,

8:920–929

Molecular acoustics,

7:xxix, 331n

Molecular aggregates combined with water (Hydrathüllen),

2:172, 205n

Molecular agitation at low temperatures, AE on,

10:17

Molecular chaos,

2:136, 377n, 395

Molecular collisions.

See Collisions: molecular

Molecular current.

See Ampère’s molecular currents; Electric current

Molecular dimensions,

2:170, 186–202, 206, 347–348; 3:189, 243n, 422

determination of,

3:416–417, 418n, 423n

experimental determination of,

2:172, 179–180

hydrodynamical method for determining,

2:176–180

theoretical determination of,

2:170–182, 184–202

Molecular force,

1:285; 2:xviii–xix, xxviii, 18–20; 3:242n, 246n, 403–404, 406n, 411, 420, 444; 10:482

AE extends theory of, to gases,

1:xl, 290, 292, 295, 320, 376

AE’s planned paper on,

5:257

AE’s work on,

1:xl, 62, 264–266, 290, 303, 324; 2:3–8, 46, 174–175, 208, 261; 5:11, 12n, 18

analogy of with gravitation,

1:290–292; 2:5, 6, 12, 20, 20n

in dilute salt solutions, AE on,

1:292, 377

and kinetic theory of gases,

1:261

Laplace’s theory of,

2:3–4, 6

in liquids,

2:xix, 29–32

Mach’s discussion of,

2:8

in metal lattice,

9:86n

modified by length contraction,

10:14

nature of,

2:20

range of,

2:8, 20n

H. F. Weber’s discussion of,

1:130

Molecular mechanics,

3:125n, 457, 461, 475, 514, 518n, 521–522, 542

Molecular motion,

3:533

linear,

3:545n

thermal, in solids,

3:460–475, 475n–477n

Molecular process,

3:195–196, 514n

Molecular theory,

4:362, 523; 6:251, 252, 253. See also Atomic theory

Molecule formation,

8:814

Molecules,

1:265, 295, 324; 6:366

constant c characteristic of,

2:12, 33–36

as designation for mole,

2:103–104

diatomic,

3:215–216, 220, 245n, 545n

dimensions of

(see Molecular dimensions)

elasticity of,

2:322n

energy states of,

6:366, 385;

transitions between,

6:366–369, 385–387, 392–393, 395

entropy of mixture of,

6:31, 32, 34

equation of state for extended,

3:6

existence of

(see Atomic-molecular hypothesis)

interaction between,

3:403–406, 409, 420, 461, 507n (see also Molecular force)

inverse fifth-power repulsion law for,

3:127n

isotropy/pseudoisotropy of,

6:387

kinetic energy of,

3:181, 242n; 6:383, 389, 390

magnetic,

3:221–222, 224–227; 6:145–146

mean path of,

3:183–185

mean thermal velocity of,

3:242n

moment of inertia of,

6:259, 261

monatomic,

3:182, 409

motion of, in radiation field,

6:388–390

polyatomic,

3:219–221, 245n

resistance to motion of,

2:498

size of

(see Molecular dimensions)

solute,

2:186, 209, 497–498

solvent,

2:186, 497–498

sugar,

2:198–199, 202

symmetry properties of,

6:258

temperature independent magnetic moment of,

6:146, 152, 173, 191

(true) size of, as designation for Avogadro’s number,

2:172; 5:216–217

true volume of, Wöhlisch on,

10:467

Molière, Jean Baptiste Poquelin (1622–1673),

9:51, 389n

Möller, ?,

9:596c

Möller, Hans, on Einstein-De Haas experiment,

10:574c

Mollusks, reference, in general relativity,

9:137n, 140n

Mombert, Alfred,

9:558c

Moment of inertia

and gravitational waves,

6:355

of hydrogen molecule, AE on,

9:439n

of iron cylinder,

6:154, 160–161, 168, 175, 181, 187, 192, 273

of molecule,

6:259, 261

Momenta.

See Coordinates

Momentoide,

2:49, 67, 75n

Momentum,

3:26, 63; 6:57

angular

(see Angular momentum)

conservation of,

2:309n–310n, 456–457, 466, 475; 3:26–27, 72, 101, 114, 127n, 391–392, 508; 4:57, 63; 140, 153, 315; 6:66, 100; 10:290 (see also Energy-momentum, law of conservation of)

density,

6:98;

electromagnetic,

4:14

electromagnetic,

3:271, 393

fluctuations in,

3:xx, 178n, 271, 276–280, 282n; 4:281, 283;

of oscillator,

6:388–395

law of conservation of,

mean square,

3:271

of point mass,

6:64, 103

of radiation,

3:282n

relativistic,

2:457, 466–469, 486n

in theory of radiation,

4:202

transfer of by radiation,

6:383, 384, 386, 387, 389–397;

direction of,

6:384, 386–387, 396

vector field of,

6:558, 560, 561–563

Monad,

8:493, 495n, 540

Monakow, Konstantin von (1853–1930), on Nicolai,

8:572; 9:484n

Monarchism, in Germany,

9:260, 280, 513

Monge, Gaspard (1746–1818),

9:333

Monism,

9:348n

and anticlericalism,

9:358

and freedom for the individual,

9:358

popular view of,

9:509

Monomolecular decay,

6:369, 370n

Monorail, plan by Hans Albert Einstein for,

10:173–174

Moon

longitude of,

7:141–146n, 196, 198n

motion of,

8:302, 303n

Moos, Adolph (1853–1926),

5:238n; 8:395, 396, 397, 399

Moos, Adolph and Friedericke

dedication by AE to,

10:604c

visit AE,

5:237

Moos, August,

9:224

Moos, Else,

5:342n

Moos, Friedericke (1855–1938),

5:238n

Moos, Helene.

See Einstein, Helene

Moos, I.,

9:490n

Moos, Rudolf, AE on political trustworthiness of,

9:12

Morality, individual versus public,

8:871–872

Morals of Europe,

8:561, 574

Morf, Heinrich (1854–1921),

8:92

Morgenroth, ?,

9:434n

Morgenroth, Julius (1871–1924),

7:448n

Morin, Heinrich,

1:348, 349, 350

Morley, Edward (1838–1923),

3:138–139; 6:460; 7:469n, 517. See also Michelson-Morley experiment

Moscow, physicists in,

10:376

Mosengeil, Kurd von (1884–1906),

2:266, 269, 272, 436, 485n, 487n; 5:74; 6:390;

relativity, early interest in,

5:40n

Moser, Christian (1861–1935),

5:95, 96n

Moser, Greti,

10:281

Mosse, Rudolf (1843–1920),

10:xxxviii;

gift subscription to Berliner Tageblatt for Popper-Lynkeus,

593c

Mossotti, Ottaviano (1791–1863),

3:306

Moszkowski, Alexander (1851–1934),

7:340n; 8:906n; 9:477; 10:xxxviii, xl–xli, 109, 208, 211, 431, 448, 449

AE compares with Lenard and Wien,

10:468

AE visits,

9:147

eye operation of,

9:106

intends to write review of Einstein 1917a, AE on,

10:117

meetings at home of,

10:121, 124

Moskowski 1921

AE forbids publication of,

10:459, 465–467, 468–470, 474–475

Born, Hedwig on,

10:447–449

Born, Max on,

10:459–460, 469, 471, 471

Holst on mistakes in,

10:604c

Knudsen on mistakes in,

10:605c

in print,

10:495

popularizes relativity,

8:381, 384

requests interview with AE,

8:385

visits AE,

8:382n, 385, 385n

works of,

10:447

Moszkowski, Bertha (1859–1942),

10:208, 431, 465–466, 474–475

Motion,

3:11–12, 63, 72

absolute,

2:265; 3:429

absolute and relative,

6:23, 280, 464; 7:xxxii, 4, 119, 207, 213

accelerated,

2:476; 3:487–491

Brownian

(see Brownian motion)

of center of gravity,

2:360–366, 427

and clock paradox,

3:436

of a conductor,

3:336

curvilinear,

3:12

cyclic,

3:121

of dust particles,

3:507n

of an electron,

3:505n

equations of

(see Equations of motion)

force-free of rigid bodies,

3:103–115

hyperbolic, Born on,

5:486n

laws of, Newton’s

(see Newtonian mechanics: laws of motion of)

in magnetic field,

3:369–370, 518, 518n

of molecules in radiation field,

6:388–390

perihelion

(see Earth: perihelion motion of; Mars: perihelion motion of; Perihelion motion of Mercury)

of periodic mechanical system,

6:556–566

of a point,

3:39, 42–43

quantization of,

3:545n, 561

random,

2:210–211, 231, 336

relative,

3:11, 141, 143, 161, 172

AE’s experiments for detecting, with respect to ether,

1:224–225, 230, 234, 316, 328, 329n (see also Ether)

AE’s ideas on,

2:259

AE’s work on,

1:225, 282, 325

of Earth and ether,

2:255, 256–257, 259, 262, 276, 434–435, 504, 567–568

lack of influence of on optical path,

2:435–436

of magnet and closed circuit,

2:276, 295; 3:141–142, 369–370

of ponderable bodies (particles),

2:265, 277

of two inertial reference frames,

2:254–255, 308n

of rigid bodies,

3:72–84, 99–115

rotational,

2:221

separability between oscillatory and linear,

3:505n

thermal,

2:218

unaccelerated,

3:124

uniform,

2:418; 6:4, 22–23, 73–74, 432

uniform free,

3:429 (see also Translation)

Mount Wilson Observatory,

5:576, 176, 180n, 567; 8:879

Mousson, Heinrich (1866–1944),

8:149n, 152, 172, 206n, 549n, 851, 854n; 9:3n, 8n, 396n, 591c; 10:37n

invites AE,

8:969, 972

on lack of young physicists in Switzerland,

8:148

on Piccard,

8:148–149

Moussonstrasse,

8:403

Mouton, Henri,

2:219

Moving bodies

dragging of light by,

2:435–436

electrodynamics of

(see Electrodynamics of moving bodies)

electromagnetic properties of,

3:427

energy content of,

2:561

geometric shape of,

2:439

inertia of

(see Inertial mass)

kinematic shape of,

2:439–440

See also Moving system

Moving dielectric,

2:503, 513–517. See also Electric field: displacement vector D; Material medium

Moving media.

See Electrodynamics of moving media; Fizeau’s experiment

Moving system

energy of,

2:466–469

entropy of,

2:473–475

equations of motion of,

2:469–472

momentum of,

2:466–469

pressure of,

2:469–472

principle of least action for,

2:475

state variables of,

2:471, 473

temperature of,

2:473–475

volume of,

2:469–472

See also Moving bodies

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–1791),

1:lviii , 321n, 371; 5:596n; 8:367, 381; 10:77, 156

Hans Albert Einstein plays works of,

10:xxxii;

sonata of,

60

Muehlon, Wilhelm (1878–1944),

9:12n

against union of Bavaria and Austria,

9:92

asked to sign war-guilt resolution,

9:571c

on political stabilization in Germany,

9:12n

political trustworthiness of, AE on,

9:12

Mühlberg, Friedrich (1840–1915),

1:11, 12, 35n, 37n, 217, 276, 360, 361

Mühll, Karl von der (1842–1912),

5:478n

Mühsam, Hans (1876–1957),

10:209, 504

dedication to,

9:592c

on inequality of nations,

8:918–919

medical advice to AE,

8:920

against Social Democrats,

8:919

on survival of fittest,

8:918–919

on task of League of Nations,

8:918–919

Mühsam, Paul (1876–1960), sends AE his pacifist book,

10:511–512

Müller, ?,

1:271

Müller, Adolf (1880–?),

5:220

collaboration with Edgar Meyer,

5:213

takes course with AE,

5:214n

Müller, Albert (1887–1958),

1:385; 5:382n, 592

Müller, Alex,

5:243

Müller, C. F.,

8:775

Müller, Conrad,

8:690n

Müller, E. H.,

1:241

Müller, Friedrich von (1858–1941),

7:108; 10:408, 435n

Müller, Fritz (Johann Friedrich Theodor),

3:444–445, 449n

Müller, Géza (1894–1979),

5:247n

Müller, Gustav (1851–1925),

8:324n, 604, 1004c; 9:14n, 177, 275n, 360n, 579c, 593c, 616c; 10:578c

abilities of,

8:323, 386n

AE regrets appointment of,

8:411

Albert-Einstein-Spende, appointed trustee of,

10:578c

alleged antipathy toward general relativity of,

9:157

on experiments on relativity at Astrophysical Observatory,

10:571c

Freundlich, on getting position for,

8:601, 603–604; 9:274

inertia and gravitation, manuscript on,

9:573c

invites AE to Astrophysical Observatory,

8:604

Müller, Gustav, mayor of Bern, role in Wildbolz affair,

9:162n

Müller, Heinz,

1:22n

Müller, Hermann (1876–1931),

9:203n, 479n; 10:211

Müller, Julius (1870–1930),

5:407n

Müller, Martha,

1:231, 233

Müller, Max (1873–1923),

5:400n

Müller, Paul Albert (1912–?), birth of,

5:438n

Müller Foundation, awards Müller Prize to AE,

8:756n, 1019c

Müller-Freienfels, Richard (1882–1949),

10:260

Müller-Jabusch, Maximilian (1889–1961),

10:334

Müller-Winteler, Marie (1877–1957),

5:3n, 382n, 438, 438n, 592; 10:510

AE’s relationship with,

1:xxxvi, 56, 235 337n; 5:45n

biography,

1:385

marriage of,

5:382

teaches school in Olsberg,

1:51n, 52, 53n

writes to Pauline Einstein,

1:19

Multiply-periodic systems,

8:386

Munich,

1:xxxvi, li–lxiv passim, 370–372. See also Luitpold-Gymnasium; University of Munich

Munich International Electrical Exhibition 1882,

1:li

Munich military tribunal,

9:70

Munich Volksschule.

See Petersschule (Blumenstraße)

Municipal Naturalization Commission.

See Zurich Municipal Naturalization Commission

Musäus, Johann,

8:756

Music,

1:xxxvi, lviii, lxii, 21, 219, 251, 290, 321n, 370, 371

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

N

Nägeli, Karl von (1817–1891),

2:208–209

Nägeli & Co.,

5:80

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821),

10:346

Natanson, Julia (1906–1987),

8:87n

Natanson, Władysław (1864–1937),

8:86, 231, 384, 514, 1007c; 10:28

invites AE,

8:166

visits AE,

8:91

Natanson, Wojciech (1904–?),

8:87n

Natanson, Zofija (1909–1981),

8:87n

Natanson-Baranowska, Elżbieta,

8:87n

Nathan, Otto (1893–1987),

8:451n, 498n

Nathan, Paul (1857–1927),

7:297n; 9:169n, 269n, 492

National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.,

9:605c

National Center for Reporting on the Natural Sciences.

See Reichszentrale für naturwissenschaftliche Berichterstattung

National Center for Scientific Reporting, Berlin,

10:271

National Committee of the Non-Conscription Fellowship,

8:511n

National labor service,

7:129n

National Liberal Party, German,

8:629n

National minorities, state protection of,

7:290

National Research Council, Washington, D.C.,

7:231;

invites AE to lecture,

10:493

National self-determination,

7:8–9

Nationalism

in academic appointments at University of Bonn,

9:150n

AE against use of his work to inflame,

9:497

and internationalism,

7:363n, 430n

Jewish,

7:230, 363n, 428

Natorp, Paul (1854–1924),

8:867; 9:xliv, 59, 60n, 94, 103n, 106, 107n

and Aufruf des deutschen Geistes zum Sozialismus, new version,

9:94–96;

AE endorses,

59

on radicalism of workers,

9:95

on violence,

9:95

Natterer, Johann August (1821–1901),

1:141, 142, 143, 145, 146

Natural radiation.

See Radiation: natural

Naturally measured interval,

4:309, 597n. See also Invariant space-time interval

Naturally measured quantities,

6:101, 124, 304, 351

Nature,

7:279n, 378n, 410n

AE’s article for,

9:252, 256, 299, 310, 328, 346, 374, 406, 523

solicits paper from AE,

10:xlvii, 610c

Nature, laws of,

3:141, 145, 425

Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bern,

2:408n

AE joins,

5:617c

AE’s lecture to,

2:206, 261, 408, 408n

Naturforschende Gesellschaft Danzig,

7:146n

Naturforschende Gesellschaft Zurich,

3:449n, 458n; 8:409

AE’s lecture at (1914),

4:295, 584–586

lectures by AE to,

3:425–438, 439n, 457; 5:265, 599n

preparation of publication of lecture to,

5:275, 275n, 305

Naturwissenschaften, Die,

7:102–103, 121n, 357n, 419n

Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Hamburg, invites AE to lecture,

9:607c

Naumann, Otto (1852–1925),

8:214, 293, 564n, 594n, 851; 9:xxxii; 10:175, 179n, 571c

AE praises,

8:203, 212

AE visits,

8:203

help of enlisted in finding position for Freundlich,

8:177, 178, 203

Naunyn, Bernhard, nominates AE for Nobel Prize,

5:632, 635c

Navier-Stokes equations.

See Hydrodynamics: Navier-Stokes equations of

Nebulizer,

6:400

Nelson, Leonard (1882–1927),

8:933, 952;

abilities of,

8:934

Neo-Kantianism

and general relativity,

8:867; 9:204

at University of Marburg,

9:478

Nernst, Emma Lohmeyer (1871–1949),

10:381n

Nernst, Gustav (1896–1917),

8:466n

Nernst, Rudolf (1893–1914),

8:466n

Nernst, Walther (1864–1941),

2:40n, 143, 171, 178, 179, 390n–391n, 497, 501n; 3:xxi–xxv, 466, 501, 504n, 507n, 510n, 558–559, 581; 4:271, 276, 554n, 556; 5:233n, 263, 299, 300, 301, 349, 379, 382n, 391, 522n, 529n, 549n, 598n, 602n; 6:252; 7:xxix, 62n, 106, 220n, 326, 331n, 340n, 348n; 8:8, 39n, 66n, 514n, 589, 593, 726, 742; 9:27, 46n, 50n, 74, 125, 294n, 310n, 312, 350n, 360n, 438n, 472n, 488n, 590c, 593c, 604c; 10:20, 109n, 303n, 381, 397n, 588c

AE

on separation of,

8:52

planned meeting with in Berlin,

5:458n

praises work of,

5:233n

proposes raise of PAW salary of,

9:580c

signs press statement supporting,

10:414n

technical collaboration with,

9:293

visits in Zurich,

5:232, 534

AE on,

5:467

AE on character of,

8:452

AE joins,

5:626c

AE plans to meet,

8:8n

AE visits in Berlin,

5:437, 468n

AE’s work, confirmation of,

5:233n, 245

experiments,

3:xxii–xxiv, 460, 470

gas degeneration, theory of,

10:499

heat theorem of

(see Heat theorem of Nernst)

Institut international de physique, dismissed from scientific committee of,

9:114, 121

on isomery of mixed crystals,

10:499–500

KWIP

on draft contract of Freundlich with,

8:579–580, 613

member of Direktorium of,

8:527n

member of Kuratorium of,

571n

requests report from,

9:13

Laue, nominates as member of PAW,

10:570c

loses sons in war,

8:452, 465

Manifesto of the 93, signs,

8:78n

Massart appeal, supports,

8:363

oscillator model,

3:559

proposes financial help of PAW to Physikalische Berichte,

9:580c

quantum formula for rotational molecular motion of,

4:271

and quantum theory,

3:510n, 513n, 530–531, 541, 545n

on recovering instruments of solar eclipse expedition,

8:718n

Solvay Congress, First, role in organizing,

5:301n

Solvay Congress, Second, discussion with AE at,

5:565

specific heat

double-quantum theory of,

5:302, 381

experiments on,

5:232, 259, 262, 295

of iodine, measurement of,

8:272

work on,

6:370n

specific heat data of,

3:xxii, xxiv–xxv, 413, 414n, 423n, 469, 473, 475n–477n, 500, 511n, 525, 527–529, 544n, 547n

vapor pressure and entropy constant, on paper of Stern on,

8:38–39

on zero-point energy,

4:552n, 553

Nernst-Einstein process,

9:294n

Nernst-Lindemann equation,

3:xxv, 466–467, 469, 475, 476n, 512, 512n, 528, 542, 544n, 547n, 562n

Nernst’s theory of electrolytic conductivity.

See Electrolytes: conductivity of

Neter, Walter (1878–?),

10:41

Netherlands

AE on character of the Dutch,

10:51, 53, 55–56

AE praises weather in,

10:220, 223

AE visits,

10:50, 51

Neuberg, Carl (1877–1956),

7:448n

Neuchâtel,

3:253n

meeting of Schweizerische Physikalische Gesellschaft in: AE’s attendance of,

5:239;

AE’s paper at,

236

Neue Freie Presse,

9:607c;

requests article by AE,

273

Neue Zürcher Zeitung,

7:300n

“Neues Vaterland.”

See Bund “Neues Vaterland”

Neumann, Franz,

8:60

Neumann-Kopp rule.

See Kopp rule

Neumann’s law,

1:280n

Neurath, Konstantin, Baron von (1873–1956),

reception in AE’s honor,

10:581c

Neurath, Otto (1882–1945),

8:433;

asks help of AE,

434;

correspondence with Mach,

434

Neusatz.

See Novi Sad

Neustätter, Otto,

9:69n

Neuweiler, Georg (1878–1953),

1:235

Newcomb, Simon (1835–1909),

8:218

planetary constants calculated by,

6:242, 510

work on planetary constants,

4:356, 359, 422, 423n, 445n

New York Evening Post,

7:570n, 590n

New York Times,

7:xxx, 112, 321n, 443n, 570n, 573n, 620n

Newton, Isaac (1642–1727),

1:290; 3:21, 133, 497n; 5:548; 6:74, 279–280, 473, 518, 577; 7:xxxii, 431, 433n; 8:69, 352; 9:xxxvi, 109, 213–214, 245, 445, 597c; 10:xxxviii–xxxix, 191, 263, 293, 300, 325, 378, 380n, 596c

as Englishman vs. AE as German,

8:275

on absolute space,

7:248, 267, 316, 322n, 370, 433, 535

bucket experiment of,

5:532; 6:280

color theory of,

6:569

emission theory of light of

(see Light, emission theory of: Newton’s)

equations,

3:173, 437, 447

experiments of,

3:126n, 592

on gravitational light deflection,

7:xxxi, 112

importance of, AE on,

7:209, 214–215n

laws of motion

(see Newtonian mechanics)

See also Newtonian theory of gravitation

Newtonian kinematics.

See Kinematics, Newtonian

Newtonian limit.

See Limit, Newtonian

Newtonian mechanics,

3:143, 167, 174, 488; 4:56, 59, 162, 194, 209n, 353, 355, 356, 359, 395n, 411n, 463n, 487, 547, 585, 609, 613; 6:21, 22, 74–75, 123, 279–280, 285, 286–287, 379, 432, 509, 517–518, 535n

and absolute space,

10:307

acceleration in,

10:300

first law of

(see Galilean mechanics: basic law of)

laws of motion of,

3:143; 7:254, 459, 510–512, 516, 536, 550–552, 601

Mach’s critique of

(see Mach, Ernst: Newtonian mechanics, critique of)

modification of, through relativity theory,

7:208, 213

second law of,

4:30, 56, 356, 387n, 395n; 6:468; 7:208, 213, 258, 510, 512, 550; 10:324, 347

space and time in

(see Classical mechanics: space and time in)

and space-time transformations, Galilean,

3:143, 426

third law of

(see Action and reaction, principle of)

See also Classical mechanics; Galilean mechanics; Mechanics: Galilei-Newtonian

Newtonian theory of gravitation,

4:194, 197, 314, 433n, 439n, 445n, 459n, 480, 487–488, 497–498, 547–550, 585, 621n; 6:73, 75, 135, 136n, 379, 457, 478, 528; 7:131, 219, 308–309, 512, 551–557, 614; 8:405

in analogy to photometric law,

10:488

as approximation of general relativity,

6:4, 73, 125–128, 223, 237–238, 245, 319, 331–333, 493; 7:395, 421, 618

boundary conditions in,

6:541–543

and British national feeling,

7:xxxi, 210n–211n

cosmological problems of,

6:495–496, 541–543, 545, 547, 552n; 7:142, 146n, 170, 187, 576n

as first approximation,

8:208, 214

and general relativity

(see Relativity, general theory of: and Newtonian theory of gravitation)

gravitational potential in,

7:557

overthrown by general relativity,

9:246

and perihelion motion,

6:234, 240, 242, 337, 494, 509, 510

Poisson equation in,

6:7, 117, 125, 322, 541, 543, 550

Seeliger’s correction of

(see Seeliger, Hugo von: modification of Newtonian theory of gravitation)

and special relativity,

7:265

to explain stellar velocities,

10:501

violates causality,

8:660

Newton-Poisson law,

4:312

Newton’s equations of motion.

See Equations of motion: Newton’s

Ney, Elisabeth,

10:439

Nichols, Edward L. (1854–1937),

5:98n;

fluorescence, work on,

97, 104; 9:228

Nichols, Ernest (1869–1924),

3:413n

Nicholson, William (1881–1955), induction machine of,

5:51

Nicolai, Georg Friedrich (1874–1964),

5:560; 6:70n, 71n; 7:225–226, 282n–283n; 8:92, 275, 282, 738n, 758, 762, 769, 832n, 947n, 994c–995c, 1021c; 9:xliv, 17n, 34n, 71, 134n, 385n, 387, 475, 476n, 478, 490n, 551c, 562c, 564c, 576c; 10:xlii, lin, 29, 329

AE

asks to sign war-guilt resolution,

9:571c

diagnoses with stomach acid,

10:116

AE intervenes on behalf of,

8:93n

AE signs declaration in support of,

9:xliv, 598c

on books for Russia,

9:578c

condemned as a traitor,

7:282n–283n

courage of political convictions of,

7:282

Einstein, Elsa consults on cardiac problems,

5:561n

emigration to Argentina,

7:283n

flees Germany,

9:384n

lectures of, disrupted at University of Berlin,

9:384n

Manifesto to the Europeans,

7:282n

manuscript on German-French rapprochement,

7:217n

military proceedings against,

8:504n, 572n, 758n

nervous breakdown of,

8:572

Nobel Peace Prize, lobbies for,

8:764n

Politik der Klassiker book series

AE pledges money for,

8:383n

AE withdraws support,

8:382, 395, 398

doubts of AE on plans,

8:396–397

plans to publish,

8:382, 395, 398

prospect of lecturing,

9:475–476

protests murders of Liebknecht and Luxemburg,

9:384n

requests political activity from AE,

8:763

right-wing attacks on,

9:384, 387

visits with Grossmann,

9:483

wartime psychological assessments of,

9:484n

Nicolai-Busley, Friederike (1886–?),

8:397n

Niekleniewicz, J. R.,

8:12n

Niemann-Konow, Friede (1862–1959),

8:813, 824

Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant,

7:321n, 443n, 626, 628n, 630

Niggli, Arnold (1843–1927),

1:231

Niggli, Friedrich (1875–1959),

1:231

Niggli, Julia (1873–1959),

1:233n;

biography,

385–386

Niggli, Martin,

1:219n

“Nightmare, The,”

6:581

Nissen, Knud,

8:158

Nixdorf, Wilhelm, requests KWIP funds for research on smoke consumption,

8:1022c

Nobel Committee for Physics,

8:912

Nobel Institute,

8:946n

Nobel Prize,

7:220n; 8:623, 678, 719, 730

for AE,

2:142; 10:147n, 158, 165n;

political reasons hindering,

10:255n

AE nominated for,

8:623n, 994c, 1006c, 1015c, 1016c

by Arrhenius,

9: 552c

by Chwolson,

5:635c

by Lorentz, Julius, Zeeman, and Kamerlingh Onnes,

9:597c

by Naunyn,

5:632c, 635c

by Ornstein,

9:596c

by Ostwald,

5:624c, 629c, 631c

by Planck,

9:551c

by Pringsheim,

5:629c

by Schaefer,

5:629c

by Warburg,

9:550c

by Wien,

5:629c, 632c

AE on possibility of receiving,

9:9–10, 306

awarded to

Haber,

9:308n

Planck,

9:239n, 248, 308n

Rolland,

10:58

Stark,

9:308n

Elsa Einstein on,

10:xlv

Planck nominated for,

8:912–913

See also Einstein, Albert: Recognitions

Noddack, Walter,

9:294n

Noether, Emmy (1882–1935),

7:xxvi, 76n, 101; 8:292n, 774, 976

energy conservation in unified field theory of Hilbert, work on,

291, 294

Noether, Fritz (1884–1941),

3:478; 5:233n;

on relativistic rigid motion,

10:10

Noether’s theorem,

7:xxvi; 8:195, 196n, 699n

Nohel, Emil (1886–1944),

5:333n

Nole, W.,

9:321n

Norda, Hansjoachim, wants to present his theories,

8:1022c–1024c

Nordmann, Charles (1881–1940),

9:395

Nordström, Gunnar (1881–1923),

4:145n, 299, 502n; 5:540n; 7:xxix, 17, 26n, 30, 32n, 64, 76n, 101; 8:285, 332, 339, 348, 350n, 555n, 744; 9:16, 112n, 145; 10:50–51

AE helps,

8:371, 813, 818

on attributing dimension to metric,

8:536

on energy-momentum pseudotensor,

8:516–522

on “Entwurf” theory and Tolman’s principle,

8:165

on error in paper of AE,

8:588n

Finland

position in,

8:370n, 619n

problems of returning to,

8:619–620, 626, 813, 818

five-dimensional theory of,

9:39n

general relativity

on concept of rigidity in,

9:474n

on field of point mass in,

8:534–535

on mechanics of deformable bodies in,

8:368–370

invites AE,

8:326, 522

lives in home of Ehrenfest,

8:165n, 332n

marriage of,

8:468, 522n

University of Berlin, professorship at,

8:165, 370

Zurich, stay in,

5:551n, 569n

Nordström’s theory of gravitation,

4:126–127, 298–299, 341n–342n, 470, 471n, 472, 473n, 494, 498, 505–509, 582, 585–586, 615–616, 622n; 8:463n

AE on,

4:489–492, 500, 502n; 5:550, 551n, 594

AE and Fokker on,

4:589–596; 5:564n

energy of: continuous mass distribution in,

4:491;

point mass in,

490

equation of motion of point mass in,

4:489

field equations of,

4:593, 595

force

on continuous mass distribution in,

4:491

on point mass in,

4:490

Lagrange formalism for,

4:489–490

momentum

of continuous mass distribution in,

4:491

of point mass in,

490

Nordström-van Leeuwen, Cornelia,

8:813

“Normalsystem.”

See Frame of reference: normal

Norst, Else, criticizes Ehrenhaft’s experiments,

10:294–295, 580c

Northcliffe, Lord (1865–1922),

9:256

Norway, AE visits,

10:298

Norwegian Students’ Association,

10:420

AE lectures at,

10:265, 298, 315

elects AE honorary member,

10:579c

invites AE to lecture,

9:607c; 10:246, 268n, 275, 292

Noske, Gustav (1868–1946),

9:28

Notenbüchlein für Anna Magdalena Bach,

9:339

Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft,

7:300n, 494n;

founding session of,

10:603c

Nova,

8:185, 898

Novi Sad (formerly Újvidék Neusatz, Hungary),

1:319, 321n, 380; 10:5n, 14n;

Einstein-Marić visits parents in,

10:xxxvii

Nowak, Josef, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:594c

Nowak, Konstantin, requests KWIP funds for compass and water wheel,

8:1015c

Noyons, Adriaan (1878–1941),

9:54, 113, 164n

Nuclear disintegration,

7:339–340n;

self-sustaining,

340n

Nuclear reaction.

See Radioactivity

Nüesch, Bertha (1847–1917),

1:323

Nüesch, Jakob (1845–1915),

1:315, 316n, 323, 331

Numbers, theory of,

1:212

Numerical computation,

3:125n

Nussbaum, Jakob (1873–1936),

10:95

Nutting, Perley (1873–?),

9:31

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

O

Oberlin, Hermann (1857–1928),

5:23;

appointed at Swiss Patent Office,

23n

Observable quantities,

6:286

Observations.

See Experiments

Observatory,

7:xxx;

verse on AE in,

9:413

Observer,

2:278, 280–282, 296–297, 400, 403, 447, 480, 566; 3:144, 163, 165

and motion,

3:153

Occupied Enemy Territory Administration,

9:197n

O’Connell, Daniel (1775–1847),

10:463n

Oechsli, Wilhelm (1851–1919),

1:367, 369; 10:186

Oettingen, Arthur von (1836–1920),

9:235, 588c

Ohio State University,

8:198

Ohm, definition of,

1:191–192; 3:367

Ohm’s law,

1:175, 181; 3:366–368, 375

Olivier, Louis,

3:572

Olsberg, Canton of Aargau,

1:50, 51n, 52, 53n

Olschki, Leonardo (1885–1961),

9:606c;

Schlick on,

9:314

Olten, Committee of,

10:184n, 185

Olympia Academy (Akademie Olympia),

1:382; 5:5n, 24n–25n, 30, 151n; 7:xxxiv, 403n; 8:168n, 221n; 9:450n

AE’s nickname in,

5:35n, 223n, 522n

formation of,

2:xxiv

membership of,

5:7n

readings of members,

2:xxiv–xxv, 306n; 5:7n, 19n

Ampère, André–Marie, L’essai sur la philosophie des sciences,

2:xxv

Avenarius, Richard, Kritik der reinen Erfahrung,

2:xxv

Clifford, William Kingdon, “On the Nature of Things-in-Themselves,”

2:xxv

Dedekind, Richard, Was sind und was sollen die Zahlen,

2:xxv

Mill, John Stuart, Logic,

2:xxv, 260–261, 307n

Pearson, Karl, Grammar of Science,

2:xxiv

Poincaré, Henri, Science et hypothèse,

2:xxv, 211, 255, 261, 306n, 307n

Riemann, Bernhard, “Ueber die Hypothesen, welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen,”

2:xxv

Spinoza, Baruch, Ethics,

2:xxv

Opalescence,

2:215; 8:835

Opalescence, critical,

3:283–285, 287–310, 310n–312n, 508n; 6:577, 579n

AE’s interest in,

5:124n

AE’s work on,

5:254, 256

confirmation of,

5:362n

possible test of,

5:269

of gas,

6:577, 579n

Kamerlingh Onnes’s and Keesom’s work on,

5:362n;

AE on,

269

Keesom’s paper on,

5:375n

AE on,

5:374

AE’s role in writing of,

5:362n

Smoluchowski’s paper on

AE’s criticism of,

5:362

error in,

5:370

Oppenheim, Felix E. (Felix Errera) (1913–?),

9:360n;

dedication to,

595c

Oppenheim, Franz (1852–1929),

5:263n; 8:79n;

awards AE grant anonymously,

5:260n

Oppenheim, Jacques (1849–1924),

9:287; 10:320

Oppenheim, Moritz (1848–1933),

9:168, 537n; 10:95, 201;

philanthropic activities of,

9:142

Oppenheim, Otto,

10:213

Oppenheim, Paul (1885–1977),

9:84, 142, 157, 158n–159n, 167, 173, 530, 536, 611c; 10:95, 201, 213, 263, 416

on AE’s decision to remain in Germany,

9:255

asks AE to lecture in Frankfurt,

9:604

on classification of sciences,

9:174, 256

invites AE to Frankfurt,

9:255, 360

Judaism

Academy for the Science of, donation for,

9:173

disinterest in science of,

9:168

proposes French edition of AE’s popular book on relativity,

9:531

searches for assistant,

9:280

on silhouettes made by AE,

9:359

Oppenheim, Samuel (1857–1928),

8:563; 9:373, 535

Oppenheim-Edle von Kuffner, Katharina (1862–1933),

9:537n

Oppenheim-Errera, Gabriella (1892–1997),

9:256, 360, 537n

Oppenheim family, Elsa Einstein’s stay with in Frankfurt,

10:419

Oppenheimer, Emil (1844–1922),

5:324n, 342n, 456, 458n; 8:166n, 732, 733n

Oppenheimer, Eugen,

5:341, 342n, 344; 10:95

Oppenheimer, Franz (1863–1943),

10:481n;

lecture in Holland,

9:415

Optical dispersion.

See Dispersion: optical

Optical illusion,

7:53n

Optical properties

of gases,

3:513

of matter, AE’s interest in connection between thermal and,

1:236

temperature dependence of,

3:545n

Optics,

1: 6; 3:xxiii–xxiv, 131–142, 174n, 426–431, 439n, 494–496, 497n, 529, 545n; 6:526, 527

AE’s lectures on,

3:599

of bodies at rest,

2:300, 452

development of,

7:431

geometrical,

6:360

of moving bodies,

2:253, 258, 295–300; 3:133–136; 6:4, 22, 26–27, 42, 437

Lorentz’s,

2:301, 434

Harres on,

9:207–209

Laue on,

9:207–209, 219–220, 296

Zeeman on,

9:209, 296

relativistic,

2:273, 446–449, 452

Order Pour le mérite for Science and the Arts, awarded to AE,

10:605c, 614c

Orell Füssli Verlag,

8:764n

Organic chemistry, AE’s study of,

5:11

Organosols, metallic,

2:400n

Orion nebula, redshift of stars in,

9:25

Orlich, Ernst (1868–1935),

6:275, 276n

Ornstein, Leonard (1880–1941),

2:95n; 3:285, 311n; 5:325n; 9:247, 255n, 267, 502; 10:311

and Hebrew University,

9:287, 316, 332, 415

proposes AE for Nobel Prize,

9:596c

University of Utrecht, candidacy for chair at,

5:369, 373

Ørsted, Hans Christian (1777–1851), magnetism, work on,

6:145, 151, 173, 191

Oscillating circuits,

7:365–366

Oscillations,

3:47–53, 56–57, 507, 510n, 527–528

anharmonic,

3:466

atomic,

3:461, 465, 476n, 512, 529 (see also Damping: of atomic oscillations; Solid bodies: atomic oscillations in)

damped,

3:365, 510n

electromagnetic,

3:xx, 380

infrared,

3:577

of ions,

3:163

longitudinal and transverse,

3:512n

period of,

3:57, 83, 365, 381, 561

and rigid bodies,

3:83

of solid bodies,

3:512n

thermal, of atoms,

3:527

torsional,

6:155–156, 175, 180, 192, 272, 274

ultraviolet proper,

3:511n

Oscillators,

3:522; 6:30, 200, 255

bound electrons as,

2:167n

canonical ensemble of,

2:138

classical,

2:142

damping of,

3:272, 460–461, 464, 466, 518, 518n

electromagnetic,

3:270

in electromagnetic field,

6:365, 386

elementary,

3:178n, 281n

emission by,

3:506n

energy of,

2:136, 140–141, 543; 3:510, 524, 531; 4:270–273, 275–284; 6:30–31, 364, 365

entropy of,

2:136

frequency of, in gravitational field,

4:509

harmonic,

2:134, 136, 152, 239

Hertz’s,

3:394, 400n

interaction of, with radiation,

2:136, 138, 543

linked to molecule, in radiation field

4:280–283

material,

3:xx

monochromatic,

3:465, 517;

one-dimensional,

6:32

Nernst’s,

3:559

Planck’s,

2:137; 4:553n, 562–563; 6:365–366, 368, 385–387, 395

potential energy of,

3:544n

quantization of energy of

(see Energy: quantization of; Quantum of energy: of oscillators)

quantized three-dimensional,

2:142

in radiation field,

3:270–271, 476n, 507, 545n

thermodynamic equilibrium of,

3:465

two-dimensional monochromatic,

6:34

Wien’s,

2:168n

Oscillogram,

6:157

Oscillograph, of Blondel,

5:383

Oscilloscope,

6:177

Oseen, Carl (1879–1944),

8:445

Oslo,

10:262

AE to lecture in,

9:496–497, 505n, 508, 536, 607c

AE visits,

10:320, 578c

Osmotic pressure,

3:450; 8:20, 65, 66n, 67, 164; 10:367

application of, to Brownian motion,

2:209–210, 216, 224–226, 497

connection of with diffusion,

2:199–201, 205n, 216, 497–499

as consequence of kinetic theory of heat,

2:226–228, 497–498

and free energy,

2:226–228, 235n

Van Laar’s expression for, AE’s criticism of,

5:373

Van ’t Hoff’s law of,

2:177, 211, 4:558; 5:16n

Osram Co. GmbH,

7:243n; 9:148n, 463

Ossietzsky, Carl von (1889–1938),

10:274

Ostwald, Wilhelm (1853–1932),

3:576; 5:16n, 280; 7:205n; 8:361; 9:348n

and AE,

2:5–6

AE’s correspondence with,

1:285, 287n

AE’s reading of,

1:xxxix, 267n, 278, 286, 324; 2:46, 207, 261, 307n

and AE’s work on capillarity,

1:265, 278

at beginning of World War I,

9:348

dilution law of,

2:178; 4:561; 5:16n;

Besso on,

14

on dissociation,

5:13

Einstein, Hermann writes to,

2:6

on energetic worldview,

2:207, 261 (see also Worldview: energeticist)

on ether hypothesis,

2:261, 307n

on existence of atoms,

2:5–6, 46, 207, 218

influence on AE,

2:5

Nobel Prize, nominates AE for,

5:624c, 629c, 631c

on romantic scientists,

8:550

theory of colors of,

8:361, 364

Ostwald, Wolfgang (1883–1943),

3:312n

solicits AE’s papers on Brownian motion and on diffusion for reprinting,

10:608c;

sent,

608c, 612c

Otto, Wolfgang (1878–1957),

8:858n

Overdetermination of classical variables, AE on,

9:387, 403, 458, 460, 498

Oxford, University of.

See University of Oxford

Oxford University Press.

See Publishers

Ozone, Warburg’s experiments on,

4:112, 166; 5:452 (see also Warburg, Emil)

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

P

Paalzow, Carl (1823–1908),

5:4n;

AE seeks position as Assistent with,

4

Paasche, Hans (1881–1920),

10:li n

Pacifist movement,

8:342n

Pacifist organization of nations, AE’s vision of,

10:xxxiv

Padua, University of.

See University of Padua

Pagenstecher, ?, contributes to Albert-Einstein-Spende,

10:527

Pagenstecher, Rudolf (1886–1921),

7:470n, 494n, 581; 9:314

Painlevé, Paul,

9:614c

Palágyi, Menyhért (Melchior) (1859–1924),

7:110, 355, 359n; 10:401n

Palatini, Attilio (1889–1949),

10:590c;

AE on article by

361

Palestine,

9:197n, 253, 293, 332

Balfour Declaration on,

7:233, 435n; 9:17n, 254

British Mandate in,

9:197n

economic and sanitary conditions in,

9:334n

as embodiment of Jewish nationality,

7:439

Jewish homeland in,

9:16, 212

AE on,

9:181, 222, 307

optimistic perspectives for,

9:197

See also Appeal: “Für den Aufbau des jüdischen Palästina”

Palestine Foundation Fund.

See Keren Hayesod

Paneth, Friedrich (1887–1958),

9:252

Pan-German League.

See Alldeutscher Verband

Pannekoek, Antonie (1873–1960),

9:505n

Paquet, Alfons (1881–1944),

9:94

Paradies (Hôtel-Pension Paradies),

1:220, 221, 227, 312, 328, 329n; 5:181;

AE’s vacation in,

181n

Paradoxes, apparent,

2:xvi, 257, 362, 423, 543

Paradox of length contraction and time dilation,

8:900–901, 907–908

Parallax,

8:470, 560

negative,

402n, 412, 474

solar,

4:422

Parallel displacement,

8:670

Parallel transport, of vectors,

7:80n, 157–158, 184n, 451–452, 544, 548

Paramagnetism,

3:7, 221–222, 226–227; 4:272, 284, 558; 6:146, 147, 151, 152, 170n, 189n, 191; 8:76; 10:28, 303

AE’s optimism regarding theoretical treatment of,

10:xlvi

Curie-Langevin law for,

3:222, 245n; 4:558–559; 6:146, 152, 170n, 173, 189n, 191; 8:92n; 10:369n;

AE on,

6:170n, 189n

Curie law for,

3:222, 245n; 4:284; 10:356n, 366, 369n, 404, 405n

of gases,

10:404

Langevin on,

10:357n

of solids,

10:366

Parankiewicz, Irene (1893–?),

8:902; 10:295, 296n

Parapsychology,

8:854–855

Paris Congress.

See Congrès International des Électriciens

Paris Peace Conference

Allies at,

9:110

British exclusion of Soviet Russia at,

9:36n

Paris Peace Treaty.

See Versailles Peace Treaty

Parseval, August von (1861–1942),

8:709

Particles, suspended,

2:208, 345n; 3:223, 234–236, 246n, 416–417, 552–553, 555

Brownian motion of

(see Brownian motion: in suspensions)

diffusion of,

2:497

impossibility of measuring velocity of,

2:210, 399

mean square displacement of,

2:234, 408n

motions of,

2:224, 334, 408, 416, 558, 559n

and osmotic pressure,

2:224–226, 497–499

size of,

2:234–235, 408, 408n

velocity of,

2:399–400, 400n

vertical distribution of,

2:339, 345n

Pasch, Moritz (1843–1930),

8:887; 9:45n, 71

Paschen, Friedrich (1865–1947),

5:55; 8:76, 77n; 9:20, 72n, 149, 217, 367n, 376

Edgar Meyer, requests AE’s recommendation for,

9:366

on Franck,

9:366

requests AE’s recommendation for his successor,

9:357

Paschen, Paul, poetry reading with Elsa Einstein,

5:518n

Pasquier, Louis Du,

5:627c

Pasteur, Louis (1822–1895),

9:334n

Pastor, ?,

3:583

Patent infringment case, AEG vs. Sannig & Co.,

9:462

Patent Office.

See Swiss Federal Patent Office

Patent procedures, Swiss,

5:81n

Patents,

7:xxix, 81–85n, 190–195, 242–243, 365–367n, 472–482n

compulsory license in,

7:365, 367n

pioneering,

7:367n

revocatory action on,

7:365, 367n

See also Einstein, Albert: Expert opinions and under individual companies

Path, free, of molecules,

3:183–185;

finiteness of, effects due to,

191–192

Pathology, forensic.

See Medicine, forensic

Patijn, Rudolf (1863–1956),

9:416n, 504n; 10:xlv;

as curator of AE’s Leyden professorship,

366

Patriotism,

8:154, 193, 717

Pauer, Franz (1891–?),

9:382

Pauli, Wolfgang (1900–1958),

4:6; 6:398n; 7:351; 8:437n; 9:217, 389n, 535

AE on,

9:298

against field-theoretic treatment of electron,

9:387

relativity, article on for Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften,

9:373

on Weyl’s theory,

9:267–268, 293

Pavia, Italy,

1:liin, liii, livn, lxv, 372, 373;

AE on,

1:22

PAW.

See Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften

Payot publishing house.

See Publishers

Peace, guaranteed by Great Britain and U.S.,

8:962

Peace Conference,

8:964n

Pechel, R.,

9:555c

Pechstein, Max (1881–1955),

8:947n

Pedersen, P. O.,

9:598c

Pedolin, Peter (1869–1934),

8:454, 455n, 590, 939; 10:104, 105n, 122n, 137, 144, 186n

Pegram, George (1876–1958),

5:389n; 10:18n, 571c;

interest in relativity,

5:389

Peirce, Charles (1839–1914),

8:548

Pekár, Desider (Dezsö) (1873–1953),

4:508

Peltier, Jean (1785–1845),

3:123

Peltier effect,

3:234

Peltier heat,

1:191

Pendulum,

3:40, 46–53, 561; 6:280

damping of oscillation of,

3:52, 461–462

and energy principle,

3:69

Foucault’s,

3:61–62; 6:139

mathematical (simple),

3:82

oscillation of,

3:48, 115

physical,

3:82

spherical,

3:55, 64

Pérès, Joseph (1890–1962),

10:379

Perett, ?, as prospective English translator of AE’s papers,

10:524

Perihelion motion

anomalies in,

8:100–101

of Earth,

8:235

of Mars,

4:459n; 6:242

of Venus,

8:235

See also “Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann: perihelion motion in

Perihelion motion of Mercury,

6:136n, 234–242, 245, 248, 319, 337, 493–494, 509–510, 538n; 7:xxiv, 103, 119, 170, 175, 177n, 181n, 183n, 187–189n, 209, 214, 346–347, 349n, 395, 559, 561, 614, 619; 8:101n, 180n, 191n, 201, 204, 208, 215, 217, 218n, 221, 223, 231, 232, 234, 235, 240, 244, 256, 263, 303, 374, 375n, 501; 9:xxxi, 32, 245n; 10:34, 62

AE’s attempted explanation of,

5:82

AE on,

10:34

Besso on,

8:373, 374

in Weyl’s theory,

9:217

Wiechert on,

10:62

Zangger on,

10:57

Perihelion motion of Mercury, AE’s and Besso’s manuscript on,

4:295, 344–359, 360–472, 502n, 503n; 5:589n; 6:24n, 243n; 7:575n

dating of and nature of collaboration,

4:356–359

elliptic orbit,

4:351, 426

expansion of metric field tensor,

4:346–347

field equations and Minkowski space-time,

4:442–446

field equations for Eulerian case,

4:450–452

Jupiter’s influence on motion of nodes of Mercury,

4:359, 458, 464

Lagrange formalism,

4:349, 353, 374, 387n, 401n, 434

Mars

motion of nodes of,

4:356, 458, 465n

perihelion motion of,

4:459n

Mercury

motion of nodes of,

4:356, 442, 444, 445n, 449n, 458, 462, 465n

perihelion motion of,

4:352, 354, 412, 414, 416–420, 428–430, 439n, 440, 459n, 473n

Newcomb’s work on planetary constants, correction to,

4:422

nodes, contribution of motion of,

4:347

perihelion motion in Nordström’s theory,

4:470, 472, 473n

perihelion motion in special relativistic gravitational theory,

4:438

period of Newtonian orbit,

4:440

solar pressure influence on metric field,

4:392, 466

Sun, rotating, field of to first order,

4:352–353, 396–398

effect on orbit of,

4:347

precession of nodes in,

4:355–356, 442–462

precession of perihelion in,

4:353–354, 400–408, 418, 424–430

Sun, static, field of to second order,

4:348–349, 360–374, 392–394

advance of perihelion in,

4:360–394, 410–420, 426, 440

effect on orbit of,

4:347

precession of perihelion in,

4:349–352, 374–391, 412–420, 426, 440

Venus

motion of nodes of,

4:356, 442, 444, 445n, 459n, 462

solar parallax and transits of,

4:423n

Periodic processes, AE’s manuscript on,

8:60–61

Periodogram,

8:61

Perles, Joseph (1835–1895),

1:349, 350

Permeability,

3:371; 4:19

magnetic,

2:505, 512, 517, 517n, 523–524; 3:398n; 6:107

and media,

3:359

Pernet, Jean (1845–1902),

1:47n, 60, 368

Pérot, Alfred (1863–1925),

3:347, 398n; 6:539n; 7:347, 349n;

observes redshift ofsolar spectral lines,

10:382

Perpetuum mobile,

3:45, 445; 4:118; 10:120

impossibility of,

2:94

See also Thermodynamics, second law of

Perrier, Albert (1883–1962),

5:287n; 8:148, 152; 9:214;

AE on abilities of,

5:287

Perrin, Aline (1899–1991),

5:521n

Perrin, Anne (1886–1933),

5:274n

Perrin, Charles Louis (1839–1910),

5:239n

Perrin, Francis (1901–1992),

5:521n; 9:225

Perrin, Henriette (1869–1938),

5:521, 521n

Perrin, Jean (1870–1942),

2:179–181, 182, 206, 220–221, 344n, 345n, 557, 559n; 3:416, 418n, 508n–509n, 552; 5:217n, 266, 267, 268, 291n, 299, 300, 322n, 345, 349, 519n; 7:342–343n; 8:7, 562n, 913n, 930n; 9:171, 223, 286n, 517; 10:12

AE meets with,

8:561

AE’s impressions of visit to,

5:520

Avogadro’s number, determination of,

5:216

complimented by AE on work on Brownian motion,

5:216

congratulates AE,

9:224

on effect of light on chemical reactions,

9:141, 224

and experiments,

3:223, 246n, 562n

on molecular dissociation,

7:328

Solvay Congress, First, paper at,

5:346n

Solvay Congress, Third, invited to,

10:303

Zangger, meets with,

8:561

Pestalozzi, Hans,

1:240

Peterchens Mondfahrt, silhouettes by AE on first page of,

9:360n

Peters, Rudolf,

9:612c;

on anti-Semitism in the press,

9:522

Petersschule (Blumenstraße), Munich,

1:lix, 370, 371

AE’s experiences at,

1:lviii–lix

AE’s grades at,

1:3

Catholic religious instruction at,

1:lix

curriculum at,

1:341–345

teachers at, AE’s characterization of,

1:lviii

Petzoldt, Joseph (1862–1929),

7:121n; 8:31n, 867, 882, 900; 9:135, 137, 573c; 10:22n, 341

AE on,

6:4, 5n

AE hopes to meet,

8:16

AE visits,

8:31n

AE writes letter of recommendation for,

8:54

on clock paradox,

6:5n; 8:16

disagrees with AE on finiteness of universe,

10:332

on epistemology and relativity,

10:332

exposition of clock paradox by,

Gesellschaft für positivistische Philosophie, chairman of,

8:17n

on Holst’s critique of relativity,

10:332;

AE agrees with,

342

Lange on,

10:590c

proposes meeting on epistemology and relativity,

10:332

relativity

book on,

8:31

paper on,

8:16; 9:14–15

on rotating disk paradox,

9:115–116, 140

Technical University of Dresden, proposed for chair at,

8:695

Pexider,

4:6, 35. See also Sitter, Willem de

Pfedi,

5:114, 518. See also Ross, Alfred

Pfeiffer, Heinrich (1879–?),

10:584c

on difficult situation of German book trade,

9:424, 480–481

invites AE to join organizing committee of exhibition and congress on the “German book,”

10:584c;

declined,

10:584c

Pfister, Julius (1867–1946),

5:259n

Pfitzner, Hans (1869–1949),

9:392

Pflüger, Alexander (1869–1946),

7:340n; 9:534; 10:340

congratulates AE,

9:584c

pacifism of, Moch on,

10:329

Phase

of current,

3:378

in microcanonical distribution,

3:204

Phase space,

3:554, 560

cell size in,

2:49

coordinates in,

2:74n

field of flow in,

6:576–577

flow in,

5:17

for crystal,

6:256

“rational,”

6:563–566, 567n

structure function of,

2:50, 62, 141

See also Continuity equation; Incompressibility condition; Liouville’s theorem

Phase transition,

3:284

Philharmonic Hall, Berlin, anti-relativity meeting at,

7:xxxii, 101, 105, 345–347, 349n; 10:xxxviii, xli, 385, 389, 390n, 392, 394n, 395, 400, 402, 412, 423n, 433n, 435n, 449n, 452n, 461n, 492n, 510, 523n, 534n, 542n, 593c, 594c, 595c

Phillichody, A.,

5:621c

Philosophical studies, AE’s,

2:xxiii–xxv

Philosophie des Als Ob,

8:887, 889

Philosophische Jahrbücher,

8:868

Philosophy,

1:xxxvi

of Als-Ob,

9:43–44, 51–52, 493 (see also Als-Ob conference; Einstein, Albert: Philosophy; Kant-Society; Vaihinger, Hans)

causal relations and Newtonian inertial motion, AE on,

10:300, 324–325;

Schlick on,

307

causal relations and repetition of identical processes, AE on,

10:299–300, 324;

Schlick on,

306

gravitational field, Schlick on observability of,

10:307

Kantian,

7:xxxv;

and relativity,

8:220; 9:342, 510; 10:293

as obstacle to physics research,

8:753n

relativity and epistemology

Cassirer on,

10:314–315

Petzoldt on,

10:332, 341

Reichenbach on,

10:313–314

relativity and philosophy

Cassirer on,

10:255–256

Lindemann on,

10:535

Schlick on,

10:573c

space, AE on reality of,

10:324

spatial and temporal causality, AE on,

10:300–301;

Schlick on,

307–308

value of relativity for,

10:323

Philosophy of nature,

3:577

Phosphorescence

Lenard’s work on,

5:198

Stokes’s rule for,

3:249;

AE on,

5:195

Photochemical effects,

9:141, 171, 223

Photochemical equivalence,

3:546n; 8:287

Photochemical equivalence, AE’s law of,

2:169n; 4:109–113, 115–121, 166–169, 173n, 287–292; 6:369, 370n, 388; 9:294n

AE on,

5:412, 418, 437, 483

AE’s discovery of,

5:352

AE’s papers on,

5:391, 394, 406, 422n, 459; 10:17

AE’s response to Stark’s claim concerning discovery of,

4:109, 172, 293n; 5:474

Ehrenfest’s generalization of,

5:440–444, 451

Haber’s generalization of,

5:424–426

Haber’s praise of,

5:423

for nonmonochromatic substances, AE on,

5:453

Warburg’s experimental test of,

5:416, 421

Photochemical processes,

3:xxi, 546n

AE on mechanism of,

5:218

AE’s discussion with Warburg on,

5:352

dissociation/recombination, molecular,

4:109, 115–121, 166–169, 287–292

dynamic equilibrium in,

4:110

energy of radiation absorbed in,

4:112, 121, 166, 285n

experiments on by Noddack and Pusch,

9:294n

influence of intensity of radiation on, AE on,

5:213n

intensity threshold in,

4:110

Laue on,

5:72

role of radiation frequency in, AE on,

5:460, 464

Schidlof’s work on, AE’s criticism of,

5:530, 533

Warburg’s work on,

5:452;

AE’s praise of,

452

See also Photochemical equivalence, AE’s law of

Photochemical research, funded by KWIP,

9:613c

Photoelectric devices,

8:559n

Photoelectric effect,

1:236; 2:141, 163–166, 168n, 350, 354–357; 3:xxi, 499–500, 504n, 518, 518n, 540, 543, 547n; 4:112, 552, 562

accumulation theory for, AE on,

5:464

AE reads Lenard on,

1:xl, 236, 304

AE’s equation for,

2:142, 164, 168n–169n

alternative explanations of,

2:142

delay time of,

3:504n

experimental evidence for,

3:546n

experiments on

AE on,

5:210, 245

Ladenburg’s,

5:80n

Lenard’s,

2:142, 165, 168n–169n; 5:80

Millikan’s,

2:142, 168n–169n

in gases and vapors, Kohn on,

9:124, 337

Lenard’s comments on,

5:198

and light quantum hypothesis,

3:546n

Sommerfeld’s theory of,

5:466n

triggering hypothesis for,

2:142, 582n–583n; 5:180n

AE on,

5:195

Lenard’s adherence to,

198n

Lorentz on,

5:178

and Volta effect,

2:354–357

Photoelectricity and X-rays, research funded by KWIP,

9:560c, 567c

Photographic plates, AE on sensitivity of,

5:212n

Photography,

2:544, 558, 559n. See also Henri, Victor; Seddig, Max

Photoluminescence,

3:546n

Photometry,

4:109; 6:361

Photon

existence of,

8:836

Swinne’s use of term,

5:280

Photon.

See Light quantum

Photophoresis,

9:74n, 252, 253n, 369n, 398, 441n

negative, Rubinowicz on,

10:580c (see also Light pressure: negative)

Physical chemistry.

See Chemistry: physical

Physical constants, relationship between,

8:195

Physical system.

See System: physical

Physical world picture,

8:633

Physics

AE’s lectures on theoretical,

3:598–599

atmospheric,

1:220

classical,

3:281n, 423n (see also Dynamics; Electrodynamics; Kinematics; Mechanics; Thermodynamics)

conceptual foundations of,

2:147, 434

conventions in,

3:430

development of,

2:xvi, 144–145, 147, 206, 253, 549–550, 564–565

dualism in the foundations of,

7:311, 321n

experimental

(see Experiments)

foundations of,

2:xviii, xxii, xxiii, xxv–xxix, 144, 145, 172, 174, 260, 416, 552n

fundamental laws of,

7:xxxvi, 57, 207, 213, 219

hypothetical nature of,

7:219

intuitive quality of,

2:xxvi, 540; 7:354, 357n–359n

and mathematics,

3:152, 426, 447–448

philosophical viewpoints on,

2:xxiii–xxv

preestablished harmony in,

7:57, 59n

prevailing mechanistic outlook in,

1:5

problems in contemporary,

3:xxv, 458n

progress of,

7:219

reality in,

7:117–118

symmetry criteria in

(see Symmetries)

theoretical,

2:xvi, xvii, 173

AE as instructor of,

3:xvii

AE’s dedication to,

1:275

AE’s self-instruction in,

1:xxxvi, 264, 321

development of,

3:xviii

fundamental difficulty in,

3:422–423

method of

(see Method: of theoretical physics)

theoretical foundations of,

2:542, 544, 552n

theoretical,

thermal

(see Thermodynamics)

unification of,

2:xxiii, xxvi–xxix, 134–135, 148, 255, 268, 272, 379, 390n, 461, 553n, 565; 7:xxvii, 58–59n

H. F. Weber’s lectures on,

1:60–62, 63–210

world picture of,

7:56, 59n

Physikalische Berichte

KWIP support for,

9:598c, 603c

PAW support for,

9:580c

Physikalische Gesellschaft Zürich,

3:311n; 9:197, 198n

AE joins,

5:624c

lecture by AE to,

5:155, 156n, 257n

Kleiner’s comments on,

5:158

Stodola’s praise for,

5:158

lecture to: by Besso,

8:305;

by Debye,

915;

by Weyl,

815

motion of on Adler,

8:412, 441, 443, 444, 451, 453

Physikalische Zeitschrift,

7:109

Physikalischer Verein, Frankfurt, AE’s lecture at,

8:472, 478; 10:93, 94n, 95

Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt,

6:169, 170n, 171n, 188, 191, 275, 276n; 7:101, 300n, 331n, 486n–487n; 8:30n, 63n, 84n, 91, 285n, 672n, 1004c, 1005c; 9:563c, 605c; 10:xxxviii

possible position for AE at,

5:457n, 480, 511

and replication of Harress’s experiment,

9:208

work atmosphere at,

9:61–62

Picard, Charles (1856–1941),

10:536

Picard, Max (1888–1965),

9:322

Piccard, Auguste (1884–1962),

8:135n, 148–149, 152–153, 154, 172, 853; 9:214

character of, AE on,

10:36

doctorate of,

5:632c

Pichon, Paul, gift for AE,

9:476

Pick, Georg (1859–1942),

4:607; 5:307n, 474n

AE on,

5:483

plays music with AE,

5:307n

Pictet, Raoul Pierre (1846–1929),

1:147

Pilatus, Pontius,

9:416

Pinner, Albert (1857–1933),

8:278, 281n; 10:155n

Pischinger, Arnold,

1:350

Pitsch, Adolf,

9:589c

Pitt, William (1759–1806),

9:79

Planck, Emma (1888–1919),

5:136n; 8:459n;

death of,

9:240

Planck, Erwin (1893–1945),

5:136n; 9:269n; 10:43n;

prisoner of war in France,

10:26

Planck, Karl (1888–1916),

5:136n; 9:269n; 10:43n

Planck, Margarete (1889–1917),

5:136n

death of,

8:458

Planck, Marie (1861–1909),

5:136n; 9:59n

Planck, Max (1858–1947),

3:177–178, 281n–282n, 505n, 522, 547n; 4:92, 111, 128, 162, 272, 282, 533, 558, 621n; 5:42n, 74, 84n, 104, 107, 138n, 148, 179, 189, 259, 299, 300, 391, 419, 446n, 472, 512, 529n, 549n, 573, 573n, 581n, 598n, 602n; 6:24n, 39n, 70n, 197n, 282n, 364, 370n, 382, 398n; 7:xxxi, 26n, 49n, 57 62n, 128n, 220n, 345, 491n, 494n; 8:8, 31, 32n, 33, 35, 39, 51, 87n, 88, 93, 150, 216n, 221n, 276, 332, 382n, 424, 472n, 514n, 527, 563, 576, 593, 614n, 620, 621, 622, 637, 642, 647, 654, 671, 677n, 714n, 726, 776, 819n, 823, 1001c; 9:xl, 18, 46n, 74, 115n, 125, 149, 158, 166n, 191, 221, 229, 240, 248, 257, 266, 269n, 279n, 297, 308, 310n, 360n, 366, 369, 382, 393, 451n, 515n, 572c, 590c, 591c, 593c, 595c, 596c; 10:43, 109n, 172, 211, 254, 286, 347, 389, 436n, 460, 471, 481, 485, 516, 590c, 592c

AE

congratulates,

9:180

correspondence with,

5:40, 50, 202;

AE on,

187

creation of physics institute, discussion with on,

8:40n

criticism of,

2:583n, 587n

expresses sympathy for,

10:412

helps in publication of separatum,

8:275n

influence on,

2:xxi, 45, 135, 143

meets with,

2:147;

in Berlin,

5:467;

in Salzburg,

227;

in Zurich,

534

on plans of to lecture in Zurich,

8:935

relationship with,

8:855, 870

on salary of,

8:41n, 43;

proposes raise of

9:580c

on separation of,

8:52

solicits help from to approach neutral academies for scientific literature,

10:271–272

suggests meeting with,

5:135

AE on,

5:187, 346, 349; 8:363, 865; 9:58, 261, 329

AE called friend of,

8:743

AE praises,

2:44; 8:145, 223

AE requests help of,

8:177

AE on scientific achievements of,

4:561–563

AE visits in Berlin,

5:437

AE’s comments on,

2:42, 110

AE’s criticism of,

2:42, 49, 52, 54, 544, 550

AE’s inaugural lecture, reply to,

6:24n

on AE’s loyalty toward Germany,

10:209

AE’s paper in honor of,

5:561

AE’s papers, discusses,

2:377n, 585–586, 587n

AE’s reading of,

1:xxxix, xl, 236, 284; 2:xviii, 44, 45, 99, 107n, 135–136, 207

AE’s reviews of papers by,

2:110, 134, 245–246, 246n, 249n, 373–376, 377n

AE’s Salzburg talk, comments on,

2:xvii, 585–586

AE’s sympathy for,

10:33

AE’s theory of fluctuations, skeptical of,

5:420n

absolute zero, on unattainability of,

5:451

Annalen der Physik, editor of,

5:257n

and anti-relativists,

7:102, 108

Berlin

on keeping AE in,

9:107–108, 154

on news that AE is considering leaving,

10:412

urges Einstein to stay in,

10:xxxix

Boguslavsky, helps,

10:471

Born, recommends as extraordinary professor,

8:165n

Bund “Neues Vaterland,” declines signing declaration of,

8:930–931

and classical electrodynamics,

2:xvii

Columbia University, lectures at,

5:389

complexions, use of,

5:172

death of daughter, AE’s condolences,

9:584c

Delbrück-Dernburg petition, signs,

8:146n, 150n, 157n, 176n, 364n

determination of

Avogadro’s number,

2:46–47, 108n, 171, 218; 5:217

Boltzmann’s constant,

2:108n

on dynamics, relative,

2:269, 272, 273, 309n, 436, 461, 474–475, 486n

Einstein-Marić reads works of,

1:317

on electron models,

2:270–271, 461

on elementary quanta,

2:107n, 154, 552n–553n

on energetics,

2:xxvii–xxviii

energy, on alternative sources of,

7:340n

entropy

compares formulas for,

8:192

and probability, discussion with AE on,

8:672–673, 682–683, 775n, 865

of rotation of diatomic molecules,

8:192

“Entwurf ” theory, reception of,

8:76, 154

on equivalence of mass and energy in electrodynamics,

5:148

on ergodicity,

2:49, 144

Gans, recommends as extraordinary professor,

8:165n

at GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim,

7:108, 110

Geodetic Institute

on competence of Wiechert as director of

8:597n

defends independence of,

9:195n

Germany

on own allegiance to,

8:931

attachment to, AE on,

9:80

on favorable military position of,

8:589

Freundlich, helps in finding position,

8:89, 179, 203, 214, 265n

on Hamilton-Jacobi equations,

8:387–388

Helmholtz Medal, nominated for,

8:993c

on holism,

7:404n

on exchange rate of German currency,

8:589

Institut international de physique,dismissed from scientific committee of,

9:115n

invited

to receive honorary doctorate at University of Rostock,

9:199

to stay in Schlick’s home,

9:199

Kaufmann’s determination of specific charge of electron, criticism of,

5:77, 78, 78n, 79n

Kuwaki takes courses with,

5:161n

KWIP

on contract of Debye with,

8:830, 866n

on contract of Freundlich with,

8:589

formulates press announcement on foundation of,

8:570

member of Direktorium of,

8:527n; 9:552c, 554c, 573c, 576c

Kuratorium of: member of,

8:571n;

acting president o ,

9:577c, 583c, 586c, 600c, 605c

proposes Direktorium for,

8:527n

light quantum, rejection of,

5:203n

Mach, polemic with,

5:204n, 531, 532n, 595;

AE on,

204, 584; 7:57, 59n

Manifesto of the 93

signs,

8:78n, 151n, 155

statement on,

8:285

on mass-energy equivalency,

2:269, 464, 486n–487n

on natural radiation,

2:136, 167n

Nernst’s heat theorem, generalized by,

10:548

Nobel Prize

awarded,

9:239n, 248, 268, 308n;

AE congratulates on,

239

nominated for,

8:912–913

nominates AE for,

9:551c

osmotic pressure, on doubts of AE about,

8:20

on patriotism and internationalism,

8:286n, 931

PAW

on keeping relations of with foreign institutions,

8:145, 149, 156n, 170, 171n, 286n

nominates Laue as member of,

10:570c

nominates Sommerfeld and Debye as members of,

9:410

on page limit for Sitzungsberichte of,

9:40n

proposes financial help of to Physikalische Berichte,

9:580c

personal tragedies of,

9:280, 288;

AE on,

268

philosophy of science of, AE on,

7:xxxvi

on physical constants,

2:108n, 155, 168n, 577

political activity, retreats from,

8:930

on probabilities (in statistical physics),

2:44, 52, 54, 138, 544

on quantum of action,

2:144, 145

and quantum of energy,

3:499, 533, 560

on quantum hypothesis,

2:42, 48–49, 585–586

and quantum theory,

3:506–507;

paper on,

5:245, 246n

quantum theory, of molecules, paper on,

8:193n, 217n

radiation

denial of applicability of equipartition theorem to,

2:49

on fluctuations in,

2:589

model of,

2:167n

radiation law of

(see Black-body radiation: Planck law for)

radiation theory,

3:xxiii, 178n, 268n, 280, 410, 412, 540

AE on,

1:284, 286–287

discussion with AE on,

5:245

work on, AE’s criticism of,

5:192

relativity, general

reception of,

8:76n, 223, 263

rejection of,

5:584, 584n;

AE on,

5:589

relativity, special,

2:254, 266–267, 474–475, 485n, 486n, 487n, 495; 4:128, 162, 489, 563

discussion with Bucherer on,

5:50n

early interest in,

5:40n, 50

on momentum and energy flow in,

5:149n

paper on,

5:50n, 76

work on, AE’s knowledge of,

5:75n

relativity, on special and general,

6:24n

resonator model,

1:xl, 236, 279n, 286

on resonators,

2:167n, 390n

reviews of papers by,

2:44

Ritz, on work of,

8:200

Rostock University anniversary, plans to attend,

10:222, 224

second quantum theory of,

4:270, 275; 5:464, 466n

sixtieth birthday of

(see Planck celebration)

Solvay, intercedes for,

9:115n, 216

on specific heats,

2:143

spectral lines, presents paper on,

8:217n

and statistical mechanics,

3:506, 556

on thermodynamics,

2:273, 474, 487n

on thermodynamic probabilities for molecules with many degrees of freedom,

8:193

University of Berlin, appointment as rector of,

5:561n;

ranks Nordström second for position at,

8:371

University of Leyden, lecture at,

7:59n

University of Zurich, thought of for position at,

9:78, 80, 92

war crimes investigation, skeptical about,

9:55n

Weyl’s unified field theory: interested in,

8:824;

prefers to general relativity,

8:744

Wolfskehl lectures,

8:701, 715, 762, 765, 774

and zero-point energy,

4:270, 271

Planck celebration,

7:59n; 8:600, 627, 733, 734n, 743n

candidates for lectures at,

8:601

lectures at

by AE,

8:628, 672, 735, 855

by Laue,

8:628, 654–655, 672

by Sommerfeld,

8:628, 647, 672

by Warburg,

8:672

program of,

8:628, 671

publication of lectures at,

8:776n, 784n

Planck-Hesslin von, Marga,

8:743

Planck’s constant,

2:xxvi, 137, 140, 142, 390n, 549, 551n; 3:178n, 413, 455n, 504n, 514n, 515, 524, 541, 560; 4:111, 115, 120, 562; 6:199, 254–255, 368, 388

connection with electron energy, Weiß on,

5:165n

interpretation of: AE’s attempts at,

5:87;

Lorentz’s attempts at,

173

relation with elementary charge,

5:89n

AE on,

5:195

Lorentz on,

5:178

role in atomic vibrations, AE on,

5:378n

See also Quantum: of action

Planck’s ellipses,

8:21, 26

Planck’s radiation law.

See Black-body radiation: Planck law for

Planck’s oscillators,

3:272, 281n, 464–466, 476n, 510, 523–524, 531, 534–535, 545n, 560; 4:553n, 562, 563; 6:365–366, 368, 385, 386, 387, 395; 8:957

Planck-von Hößlin, Marga (1882–1948),

9:108

Planegg, near Munich,

1:liii, 371

Planetary orbits, AE requests data on,

8:211–212

Planetary problem,

6:541, 546, 552n

Planets, motion of,

3:5, 22–24, 37; 8:303n. See also Kepler’s laws

Plate condenser,

3:336, 338, 346

Platter, Julius (1844–1923),

1:367, 369

Plebiscite on Upper Silesia, Versailles Peace Treaty on,

9:143

Plummer’s law.

See Star clusters, globular

Pockels, Friedrich (1865–1913),

5:187n, 253, 257;

Laub on,

5:186

Pocket measuring instruments,

4:151, 154, 155, 502n

Poems

AE to Anna Schmid,

1:220

AE to Einstein-Marić

1:248, 255–256, 257

AE to Helene Savić

1:274

Poggendorff, Johann Christian (1796–1877),

1:207; 2:109

Pogroms

in Poland,

8:964n

in Russia,

8:19n

Russian,

7:429n

Ukrainian and Polish,

7:430n

Pohl, Robert (1884–1976),

9:269n, 291, 317, 569c; 10:336n

requests KWIP funds for research on photo-electricity and X-rays,

9:559c; 10:583c;

granted

560c, 9:567c; 10:609c;

pending,

10:584c, 586c

Pohle, Ludwig (1869–1926),

9:45n

Poincaré, Henri (1854–1912),

2:42, 211, 256, 257, 261, 307n, 308n, 360; 3:xxvii, 513n, 554, 557, 559; 4:439n, 551n; 5:149, 300, 302n; 6:496, 566; 7:450, 456n, 567; 8:5, 71, 706, 891, 892n; 9:xli; 10:341, 569c

AE on,

5:349

AE’s reading of,

2:xxiv, xxv, 260,

conventionalism of,

7:xxxvi, 280n, 389–390, 403n–404n; 10:455

cosmogonic hypotheses, lectures on,

9:467n

on electric field of rotating magnets, Dällenbach on,

10:591c

electron model of,

9:264

electron theory of

(see Electron theory: Poincaré’s)

on foundations of geometry,

7:501

on geometry,

9:52

on hypotheses in science,

9:52n

influence on AE,

7:xxxv

Lorentz’s electrodynamics, critique of,

5:149n

mechanical worldview, critique of,

7:247, 279n, 321n

memorial volume of Acta Mathematica for,

9:308, 611c

model of non-Euclidean world of,

8:631–632

theory for equilibrium of rotating liquid body,

6:360

on virial theorem,

7:422, 425n

on visualization of non-Euclidean space,

7:405n

writes letter of recommendation for AE,

5:353n

Poincaré cycles,

2:42

Poincaré stress.

See Electron: negative pressure within

Point,

3:39, 41–43, 202–203, 422. See also Mass point

Point-coincidence argument,

7:42n–43n, 178n; 8:235, 238–239, 245, 493, 640

first formulation of,

228

Point electron,

8:365–366, 372–373, 379–380

Point tensor/vector,

4:232n

Poiseuille’s law,

3:192, 238–239, 243n, 247n

Poisson, Siméon (1781–1840),

2:4

Poisson equation,

3:6, 327; 7:369, 452

analogue of in general relativity,

7:278, 552–553; 8:207, 976

in electrostatics,

4:397n

in “Entwurf” theory,

8:40

in Newtonian gravitation,

6:7, 117, 125, 322, 541, 543, 550; 7:376, 408

Pol, Balthasar van der (1889–1959),

7:201n; 9:xxxv, 167n;

transmits news of eclipse results,

9:186

Polak, Martin (1882–?),

10:264;

debate with AE,

278

Poland, anti-Semitism in,

9:197;

and postwar relief,

204

Polányi, Michael (1891–1976),

5:514n; 8:66n, 139n, 143; 9:xlix

heat theorem of Nernst, discussion with AE on,

8:65, 66, 90, 125–126, 138, 143–144

on rotational energy of gas molecules,

9:438–439

on stability of diatomic molecules,

9:459

work of, AE on,

5:514

Polarization,

3:138, 274, 305, 348, 522; 6:67n, 107, 108

electric

(see Electric polarization)

of light wave

(see Light wave: polarization of)

magnetic

(see Magnetic polarization)

Polarization current,

2:519, 526

electric,

6:46, 107, 108

magnetic,

6:107, 108, 109

Polarization density,

2:507

Polish physicians and natural scientists, meeting in Cracow, AE’s non-attendance of,

5:306, 324n

Political prisoners, AE’s advocacy for release of,

9:343

Politiken,

9:584c

Politik der Klassiker,

8:382, 395, 398

Politischer Rat geistiger Arbeiter,

8:869n;

spring 1919 appeal of,

9:106n

Pollak, Leo (1888–?),

5:313n, 317n

Pólya, Georg (1887–1985),

9:192

Polymerization,

3:412, 511n

Pommat Valley, Switzerland,

10:171n

Ponderomotive force,

2:503; 3:142, 255–256, 257n, 273–274, 361, 392; 4:14, 20–24, 152, 153, 184, 202n; 6:267–268

Abraham’s expression for,

5:119;

AE on,

5:308

AE’s and Laub’s expression for,

2:527, 528n; 5:120n

controversy on,

5:255n

criticism of,

5:122, 253

planned experimental test of,

5:131

thought experiment on,

5:253

Wien’s criticism of, 5:

AE’s and Laub’s work on,

5:114n, 119

on bodies at rest in electromagnetic field,

2:304, 519–528

controversy on correct form of,

2:506–507, 528n; 5:120n

Ishiwara’s, work on,

5:261

on liquids,

2:522

Lorentz’s expression for, Laub on,

5:119

on magnetizable medium,

2:519, 523

on magnetized bodies,

3:373, 399n

Minkowski’s expression for,

2:519, 528n; 5:120n;

AE on,

5:114, 308

planned paper by Laub on,

5:161

See also Electrodynamics of moving media

Ponte, Lorenzo da (1749–1838),

5:596n

Popert, Hermann (1871–1932),

10:273

Popova, Maria (1878–?),

8:4

Popper, Karl (1902–1994),

7:220n

Popper, Sigmund,

8:438n

Popper-Lynkeus, Josef (1838–1921),

7:129; 9:420n, 506, 609c; 10:522, 593c

AE on modesty of,

9:420

Popper-Lynkeus-Spende, AE contributes to,

9:420

Positive rays.

See Canal rays

Positivism,

7:59n; 8:867, 890–891; 9:52n

idealistic,

9:43

and relativity,

8:220

Potential,

3:320–321, 325, 327–328, 336, 338, 349, 352

advanced,

2:555

anharmonic interatomic,

3:477n

auxiliary,

2:490, 492n, 542

contact,

2:355

continuity of,

3:327

of a current,

3:357

difference,

3:371, 397n–398n

discharge,

2:486n, 490

electric,

1:161–164

electromagnetic,

7:413, 416n

electrostatic,

3:320–321, 337, 339

gravitational,

2:483, 487n; 3:xxix, 489, 492–493;

physical significance of, Laue on,

5:384

high,

2:492n

jump between electrode and electrolyte,

8:135–136

kinetic,

2:487n; 3:116, 128n

retarded,

2:542, 555; 8:301

of space charge,

8:35

See also Field-strength; Force; Mechanics

Potential difference

electric, distribution of, in Voltaic cell,

1:176–178

between electrodes,

2:26, 36–39

in electrometer,

2:397n

between metals and salt solutions,

2:23–39

Potential energy,

3:32, 87, 92, 332, 476n, 521; 4:522, 533

in gravitational field,

3:348, 490; 4:350, 6:545; 7:510

for interaction between molecules,

3:403–405

internal,

1:324n

and Lagrangian,

3:514n

in mechanics,

3:403

of an oscillator,

3:544n

Potsdam Observatory.

See Astrophysical Observatory; Meteorological-Magnetic Observatory

Power and lighting stations.

See Lighting and power stations

Poynting’s theorem,

8:464

Poynting vector,

3:392; 5:148

Prager Tagblatt,

9:323, 597c

Pragmatism,

8:890–891

Prague

AE invites Zangger to,

10:16

AE moves to,

10:13

AE on colleagues in,

10:16

AE on his time in,

9:222

AE’s opinion of,

10:16

Czech University of

(see University of Prague, Czech)

Fanta salon in,

9:223n

German University of

(see University of Prague, German)

life in, AE on,

5:289, 293, 294, 295, 304, 400, 432

as Zangger’s patient in,

10:17

Prandtl, Ludwig (1875–1953),

8:709

Prašil, Franz (1857–1929),

3:444, 449n

Precht, Julius (1871–1942),

2:464

Pressure,

1:120–123.

changes in,

3:194

definability of,

2:119

and diffusion,

3:572

of ideal gas,

3:180

in incompressible fluid,

6:400; 7:513

law of osmotic,

4:558

of light,

3:5, 64

negative

(see Electron: negative pressure within; Cosmological constant: as negative pressure)

osmotic,

3:450

Perrin’s explanation of,

5:218n;

AE on,

217

and shift of spectral lines,

3:493

transformation equation for,

2:469–472, 487n

of vapor,

6:250

See also Radiation pressure; Vapor pressure

Preuss, J. H. Albrecht,

8:1018c

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (PAW),

3:xxii; 4:301, 344; 6:197n; 7:121n, 139n, 232, 287n, 300n–301n, 405n, 487n, 491n; 8:40a, 41n, 87n, 151n, 514n, 684n, 693n, 709, 710, 714n, 722n, 727n, 796n, 807n

AE free from teaching obligations,

10:579c, 580c

AE’s salary as member of,

7:300n

AE submits and withdraws manuscript for Sitzungsberichte of,

10:586c

asks AE to deliver talk at public session,

10:604c

character of,

8:29

of members of,

8:17, 346, 364, 429;

AE on,

10:23

as clearinghouse for publication exchanges,

7:299

Geodetic Institute, proposes Wiechert as director of,

8:718n

Laue nominated as member of,

10:570c

page limit for publications,

9:39, 40n, 46, 56n, 276

Planck, presents paper to,

8:217n

report of Freundlich to,

8:19n, 57n, 609n

Schwarzschild

meeting on successor of,

8:324n

articles of submitted by AE to,

6:362n

Van ’t Hoff’s position at,

5:534n

See also Einstein, Albert: Career: PAW

Prévost, Pierre (1751–1839),

5:525n;

unveiling of bust of,

525, 526n

Priam (Greek mythology),

10:171n

Princeton,

3:xv

Princeton lectures.

See Einstein, Albert: Lectures: Princeton University

Princeton University,

7:231, 499, 570n, 590, 629; 8:670n, 825n;

invites AE to lecture,

10:1, 494, 601c

Princeton University Press.

See Publishers

Principe Island,

10:226n

Principle

of action and reaction

(see Action and reaction, principle of)

Boltzmann

(see Boltzmann principle)

of constancy of speed of light

(see Light, speed of: constancy of; Relativity, principle of: and principle of constancy of speed of light)

of equivalence

(see Equivalence principle)

of general relativity

(see Relativity, general principle of)

Hamilton’s

(see Hamilton’s principle)

of least action

(see Least action, principle of)

of relativity

(see Relativity, principle of)

of relativity of gravitational potential

(see Mie, Gustav: axiom of relativity of gravitational potential)

superposition,

2:187, 290, 445, 582

variational

(see Variational principle)

Principle, theory of.

See Theory of principle

Principles

of physics,

2:xxi–xxiii, xxvi, 43, 257, 265–266, 308n, 410–411, 412n, 550

role of, in AE’s thought,

2:461 (see also Constructive theory; Theory of principle)

of thermodynamics,

2:43, 265, 411, 412n (see also Thermodynamics)

See also Physics: fundamental laws of

Pringsheim, Ernst (1859–1917),

2:144; 9:248;

nominates AE for Nobel Prize,

5:629c

Pringsheim, Peter (1881–1963),

3:4, 600

Prinz, Heinrich,

9:607c

Prisoner of war camps, French, German experiences in,

9:185n, 483

Prisoner of war exchange through Switzerland,

10:57n

Private commission to investigate German war crimes,

9:42, 120–121, 231

AE joins,

9:135, 561c

helped by Lorentz,

9:57

Lorentz on,

9:53

members of,

9:42

purpose of,

9:57–58

See also Lille booklet

Probability,

3:xxvi, 7, 210, 215, 241, 251, 288–290, 310n–311n, 450, 554, 562n; 8:133n, 672–673, 682–683, 775n, 865, 957, 962

of a given macroscopic state,

3:506n

of a state,

3:287, 290, 307, 538, 551–552, 562n

calculation of,

2:138–139

calculus,

2:158; 6:199–205

foundations of,

9:275

and radiation theory,

3:259–267, 268n

in canonical ensemble,

6:250

definition of,

3:240, 259, 268n, 554, 556–557

in Boltzmann principle,

2:52, 136, 137, 139, 158, 214, 544, 575

as time average,

2:42, 54, 95n, 138, 544

distribution for displacements,

2:53, 54, 342, 502n

of distribution of suspended particles,

3:450, 454n

and entropy

(see Entropy: and probability)

and fluctuations,

3:556

in foundations of thermodynamics,

2:96n–97n

and molecular processes,

3:195

of physical state,

4:532, 562

in physics,

2:42, 47–48, 52, 339, 394, 396n, 544–545

for radiation components,

6:201

for radiation emission and absorption,

6:367, 385–386

relative, for energy states,

6:31, 34, 35, 366, 367, 384, 388, 393

stationary,

2:60

statistical,

2:62, 90, 100–101, 158, 160, 167n, 214

in statistical mechanics,

9:290

and succession of states,

3:551

temporal,

3:554

of theories,

2:461, 564

theory of,

3:268n

and time-reversal invariance,

10:54

Zangger invites AE to conference on,

10:xxxiii, 160

See also Boltzmann principle

Progressive People’s Party, German,

8:629n, 948n

Prometheus,

7:337n;

and popular science publications,

9:395

Propagation of light.

See Light: propagation of

Proper frequency,

3:460–461, 475n–477n

calculation of,

3:461, 467–468

infrared,

3:526, 529

of macroscopic system,

6:33

optical,

3:526

of solid bodies,

3:511n

thermal,

3:527;

of thermal atomic oscillations,

461

Protestant Synod of Berlin,

9:448, 467

Proust, Marcel (1871–1922),

9:392n

Prussia

electoral reform in,

8:506n

House of Lords of,

7:217n

Ministry of Education of,

7:xxxi, 227, 287n–288n

monarchy overthrown in,

8:941

Parliament of,

7:240n

voting system in,

8:506n

Prussian Academy of Sciences.

See Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften

Prussian Minister of Education

appoints AE to oversight committee,

8:1008c

grants cost of living allowance,

8:1029c

reimburses moving expenses,

8:994c

supports AE’s research,

8:1012c, 1013c

Prussian Ministry of Education, and Geodetic Institute,

9:191

Prussian Ministry of the Interior, and Geodetic Institute,

9:191

Prussian Royal Observatory.

See Royal Prussian Observatory

Prussian state, funding by for general relativity research,

9:274

Prussian State Assembly, and Deutscher Schutzbund für die Grenz- und Auslandsdeutschen,

9:350

Prussian State Library,

8:513n, 571n

Prussian voting system,

8:506n; 10:97n

Przibram, Karl (1878–1973),

3:509n; 5:321;

determination of elementary charge,

322n

Pseudotensor of energy-momentum density.

See Gravitational field: energy-momentum components (pseudotensor) of

Psychology,

6:279, 281

Ptolemaic frame.

See Frame of reference: Ptolemaic

Public security in Berlin,

8:965

Publilius Syrus,

9:168n

Publishers

Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft,

4:3

Barth,

9:290, 554c, 577c, 578c, 588c, 589c, 602c, 607c, 608c, 610c; 10:xlviii, 573c, 596c

Cambridge University Press,

9:328n, 390–391, 597c

De Gruyter,

9:590c, 596c

Enke,

5:430n

Gauthier-Villars,

9:499; 10:569c, 574c, 578c, 587c, 589c, 603c, 605c

Hammer,

7:112

Hermann,

9:609c; 10:572c

Hirzel,

7:109; 9:354n;

solicits book by AE,

5:145, 150, 152

Methuen,

9:526, 598c, 599c, 603c, 605c, 613c, 614c, 615c; 10:568c, 572c, 575c, 576c, 593c, 603c, 608c, 610c, 612c, 613c

proposes English edition of AE’s popular book on relativity,

9:261

proposes English edition of collection of AE’s articles,

9:406–407

Oxford University Press,

9:328n

Payot,

7:418

Princeton University Press,

7:570n

Rascher,

8:737

Slowo,

10:605c

Springer,

8:776; 9:309, 371, 614c, 615c; 10:xlviii, 604c, 613c, 614c

begins selling Einstein 1920j,

10:604c

proposes remuneration for translation rights of Einstein 1920j,

10:614c

solicits publication from AE,

5:258

Teubner,

5:145n; 9:554c, 577c, 578c, 588c, 589c, 591c, 610c

solicits publication from AE,

5:75

Ullstein,

3:592; 10:xxxviii

Verlag Naturwissenschaften,

9:603c

Vieweg,

9:309, 319, 354n, 576c, 577c, 581c, 582c, 590c, 592c, 594c, 597c, 598c, 599c, 602c, 603c, 605c, 606c, 611c, 613c, 614c, 615c; 10:xlviii, 508–509, 568c, 569c, 574c–578c, 584c, 587c, 589c, 591c, 592c, 597c–601c, 603c, 605c, 607c, 611c

on new edition of Einstein 1917a,

10:602c

Wostok,

9:610c; 10:570c, 572c, 573c

Pulin, ?,

2:326, 326n

Pulkowa Observatory,

4:423n

Pulsack, Elise,

9:226;

dispute with on room for Pauline Einstein,

9:274

Pupin, Michael (1858–1930),

3:386, 400n

Purkinje phenomenon,

8:212

Pusch, L.,

9:294n

Pyrometer, optical,

3:567

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Q

Quadrant electrometer.

See Electrometer: quadrant

Quadratic differential forms,

8:688;

theory of,

4:197

Quadrupole formula.

See Gravitational waves: quadrupole formula for

Quakers.

See Society of Friends

Quantization

of energy

(see Energy: quantization of)

of motion of diatomic molecule,

3:545n

of rigid rotator,

3:242n, 246n

of rotation,

3:518n

Quantum,

3:xxv–xxvii

of action,

2:144–145, 549, 585; 3:499, 510, 514n, 515

AE and,

3:xv, xxvi, 562n

“full” and “half,”

3:544n

of electric charge

(see Charge, elementary)

elementary

(see Elementary quanta)

light

(see Light quantum)

magnetic,

8:22

of matter,

2:99, 108n, 549

of radiation

(see Light quantum)

Quantum condition.

See Bohr quantum condition

Quantum emission, random,

6:39n

Quantum of energy,

2:134, 144, 151, 161, 162, 165, 166, 577, 585; 3:178n, 422, 510, 514, 531, 533, 539, 556

absorption by matter, Laue on,

5:72

existence of, AE on,

5:295

inevitability of, AE on,

5:245

of oscillators,

2:140–141

Stark’s use of,

5:47n, 144n

use of, Eucken on,

5:391

See also Energy: quantization of

Quantum hypothesis,

2:382, 585; 3:xxvii, 177–178, 253n, 423n, 439n, 457, 458n, 506n–507n, 510, 510n, 514n, 524, 534, 546n, 556, 561, 562n; 4:562; 6:22, 32; 8:28

AE and,

3:xxiii, 544n

AE’s early work on,

2:xx, xxi, xxviii–xxix, 134–148

alternative form of,

3:544n

confirmation of,

2:143–144; 3:423n, 525, 539–541

and heat conduction,

3:477n

implications of,

3:xxv, 458n, 476n

and radiation,

4:109–113, 172; 6:364–369, 370n, 382, 383, 384–385, 386, 395, 396

and radioactive decay,

4:554

and rotational motion,

4:270–271

and statistical methods,

3:506n

See also Light quantum hypothesis

Quantum mechanics,

4:273

Quantum statistics,

8:957–958

Quantum theorem of Sommerfeld and Epstein,

6:556–566, 567n; 8:442, 454, 457, 464–465, 468, 478; 10:82, 245n

Quantum theory,

2:xxvi–xxvii, 143–144, 146, 585; 3:xxii, xxv–xxvi, 457, 465, 500–501, 513n, 516, 532, 561; 6:30–38, 360, 377n, 534, 535n, 556–566, 578; 7:xxviii; 8:913; 9:xlviii–l, 318; 10:17

AE dissatisfied with,

9:84–85, 99

AE on lack of understanding of,

5:419

AE works on,

10:352

AE’s contributions to,

3:285, 423n; 5:187, 189, 227;

negative evaluation of,

527

AE’s interest in,

10:xlvii–xlviii

AE’s lectures on,

3:599–600

AE’s paper at GDNÄ meeting in Salzburg on,

5:190n

Bohr’s derivation of quantum states, AE on,

10:244

calculations on,

10:244n

causality in, AE on,

9:388

and classical mechanics,

6:22, 252, 261n, 364, 368, 370n, 382

from continuum theory through overdetermination, AE on,

9:387, 403, 458, 460, 498

criticism of,

7:112

and determination of entropy constant,

6:252–261

discussed at “Magnet-Woche,”

10:xlvii

and dissociation equlibrium,

9:498

and electron theory,

8:783

and electrodynamics,

6:356, 364, 368, 370n, 382, 384, 385, 387, 388, 392, 395

emission and absorption of

light in,

10:44, 48

radiation,

6:364–369, 370n, 382–397; 7:484–486n

Epstein on,

10:352

and field theory,

7:xxvii, 320, 351

and general relativity,

6:356; 7:xxvii, 22, 27n, 351

Haber’s model for solids in,

5:377;

AE on,

5:379

and ideal gas,

6:261n

interaction between radiation and matter in

AE on,

5:192

Laue on,

5:72

Lorentz on,

5:171–172, 174, 176

and kinetic energy,

3:516

Kottler’s theory of quanta as singularities, AE on,

10:352

of light emission and absorption,

10:44, 48–49

and magnetism,

10:373

molecular spectra in,

10:297, 313

motion of electron ring in molecules,

10:367

Nernst’s heat theorem derived in,

10:23, 485

Planck’s radiation formula derived in,

10:49, 347

Planck’s second,

10:298n

problems in,

3:281n, 510, 534, 550

provides theoretical foundation of chemical constant, vapor pressure constant, and Nernst’s theorem,

9:471

quantum states in, derivation of,

10:244

of radiation,

1:284, 286–287; 6:366–368, 382–397; 10:347

rotational energy of gas molecules in, Polányi on,

9:438–439

Sommerfeld’s advances in,

10:67

spatial distribution of X-ray energy in, AE on,

5:228–229

of specific heat

(see Specific heat: quantum theory of)

still not understood,

10:67

as topic at Third Solvay Congress,

10:303

and wave theory of light,

6:396

weights of quantum states,

9:467

See also Atomic theory

Quartz spectrograph, funded by KWIP,

9:613c

Quasiperiodic, mechanism,

3:539;

processes,

4:603–607

Quaternions,

9:375;

theory of,

3:127n

Quidde, Ludwig (1858–1941)

memorandum of against annexations,

8:174n

political stance of,

8:947–948

Quincke, Georg (1834–1924),

3:398n–399n

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

R

Rabbi ben Akiba,

5:21n;

quoted by AE,

20

Rabel, Gabriele, requests KWIP funds for diffusion pump,

9:581c;

rejected,

583c

Radbruch, Gustav (1878–1949),

9:33

Rade, Martin (1857–1940),

9:55n

Radek (Sobelsohn), Karl (1885–1939),

9:387

Rademacher, Hans Adolph,

9:434n

Radiation,

1:235–236, 7, 259; 3:xx, 253n, 451, 517, 517n, 546n, 556

acceleration of electrons through,

3:543

AE pursues laws for, on constructive basis,

1:xli

box filled with,

4:157, 299, 322–323

of charged sphere rotating around a gravitational source,

9:97

coherent beams of,

3:540

constitution of,

2:xvii, 135, 140, 147, 167n, 542–550, 555, 564–582

degrees of freedom of, AE on,

5:194

density of,

2:531, 547; 3:275, 505, 523; 6:365, 367, 386, 387

emission of,

2:414–415, 548, 574

by celestial bodies, AE on,

9:553c

elementary process of,

7:484–486n

See also Light: emission of

emission of, induced and spontaneous,

4:113

emission and absorption of,

3:506n, 542; 6:364–369, 370n, 382–397, 455–456

emission centers of,

3:260

in empty space,

3:178n, 261, 423

energetic treatment of,

2:261

energy of,

2:150; 3:250, 423, 515–516, 560

absorbed in photochemical reactions,

4:112, 121, 166, 285n

energy distribution of

(see Black-body radiation: energy density of)

energy-momentum of, localization of,

8:401, 464

“energy radiation,”

7:486n–487n

energy transfer by,

6:366–368, 385–387, 396–397;

as directed process,

8:330, 333, 401

energy transmission through,

3:392, 489, 492

entropy of,

2:xx; 140, 155–157, 390n, 415; 4:118, 289; 5:49, 83;

AE on volume dependence of,

5:210

in equilibrium with walls of container,

2:472(see also Black-body radiation)

experiments on,

1:224, 227

field equations for, AE’s view on,

5:194

fluctuation experiments on,

3:547n

fluctuation properties in,

3:xviii–xix, 177, 178n, 535–537, 556

fluctuations of,

8:300, 424n

Fourier coefficients of,

8:131–133

free,

3:556, 561

frequency of,

2:142, 579

frequency dependence of molecular absorption of,

4:112, 169, 291

as function of temperature, in metals, AE on,

1:283

friction of,

2:578

gravitational, lack of for planets,

8:706

heat

(see Heat radiation)

impulse time of,

3:515n

inertial and gravitational mass of,

4:154, 322

infrared,

3:xxiii–xxiv, 526

absorption of,

2:386, 405, 406n

intensity of,

3:541, 547n

interacting with gas,

3:522–524, 542

interaction of with matter, Laue on,

5:72;

Voigt on,

72

“interference radiation,”

7:486n–487n

mathematical description of,

2:148

AE’s use of singularities in,

5:194

AE’s view on,

5:193

mean square fluctuation of,

2:580

momentum of,

3:282n

momentum transfer by,

6:383, 386, 387, 389–397;

direction of,

384, 386–387, 396

monochromatic,

2:140, 161

natural,

2:136, 167n, 357n; 3:268n; 6:199–201, 202–205

Planck’s hypothesis of,

5:73, 73n, 607

nature of,

2:148, 564–582;

AE on,

1:7, 286–287

Planck’s lectures on,

2:374–376

Planck’s theory of

(see Black-body radiation)

processes,

2:415;

directed,

8:330, 333, 402n, 461–462, 463–464

quantum hypothesis of

(see Light quantum hypothesis; Quantum hypothesis: of radiation)

quantization of energy of,

2:140, 548

quantum structure in,

3:xviii, 535

quantum structure of,

2:138, 140, 145, 148, 161, 273, 415, 547, 549, 581, 585

reflection of, from mirror,

2:546–547

resistance,

2:590n

resonator theory of,

2:544, 576–577

and singularities,

3:xix, 423n

from sinusoidal current,

1:258, 259n

solar,

1:105

and specific heat,

3:464

statistical treatment of,

2:138; 3:507

statistics of,

6:199–205

Stefan-Boltzmann law for,

2:106, 375; 5:27n

temperature of,

2:375, 578; 3:547n

terminology for,

2:148

thermal,

2:135, 136, 137, 146, 167n, 338, 373–376, 574–577 (see also Black-body radiation)

transfer of inertial mass by,

2:314

ultraviolet,

2:544

vector theory of,

2:415

wave equation for, AE’s modification of,

5:196

wavelength of,

2:108n

See also Absorption; Black-body radiation; Electrodynamics; Energy; Heat; Heat radiation; Light; Luminescence; Planck, Max; Radiation theory

Radiation, absorption of,

2:415, 548

AE on,

5:128, 320

influence on interference phenomena,

5:128, 129, 130

selective

2:142

See also Light: absorption of

Radiation field,

3:270–280, 281n–282n

electron moving in,

3:505n

mirror moving in,

3:281n, 454, 455n

oscillator in,

3:270–271, 476n, 507, 545n

Radiation formula, research on funded by KWIP,

9:561c, 571c, 576c

Radiation laws.

See Black-body radiation

Radiation pressure,

2:215, 298–300, 472, 475, 578–579, 582n, 585; 3:177, 178n, 271,392, 394; 4:60, 157, 281, 562; 6:360; 8:863n. See also Fluctuations: pressure, of black–body radiation)

Radiation studies, funded by KWIP,

9:569c

theories of,

2:xvii–xviii, xxi, 309n, 379, 544–545

Radiation theory,

2:xvii–xviii, xxi, 309n, 379, 544–545; 3:xviii–xix, 250, 259–260, 311n, 423n, 454n, 465, 522–524; 4:3, 192, 202, 561–562, 599, 603; 6:35, 39n, 199–205

AE on riddle of,

5:268

AE’s attempt at formulation of without light quanta,

5:261, 263

AE’s and Hopf’s joint work on,

5:254

AE’s renunciation of energy conservation in,

5:261

AE’s struggle with,

10:12

discussion between Wien and Abraham on,

5:57, 59

fluctuations in, Ehrenfest on,

5:465

Kottler on,

9:373–374

Laue on,

5:83

limitations of,

3:260

modification of Maxwell’s equations in,

Lorentz on,

5:178

paper on

by AE,

5:166, 167

by Ehrenfest,

5:339

by Lorentz,

5:168, 170–171

Planck on,

5:49, 50

Planck’s work on, AE’s criticism of,

5:192

and probability calculus,

3:259–267, 268n

quantum hypothesis in

(see Quantum hypothesis)

relation between radiation law and properties of electron, Lorentz on,

5:179

thermodynamic approach of, AE on,

5:464

and thermodynamics, AE on,

10:5

Thomson’s paper on, Laue’s criticism of,

5:73

Radicalism, Natorp on,

9:95

Radioactive decay,

2:314, 464–465, 491, 492n; 6:33, 39n, 367, 368, 370n, 386, 458; 7:572n;

artificial,

7:339; 4:64, 106n, 184, 305, 545, 554, 614

fluctuations in, Edgar Meyer’s work on,

5:207–209, 213, 214n, 220, 221n, 254, 284, 418

mechanism of, AE on,

5:321

Radioactive materials,

2:314, 315n, 458, 464–465

Radioactive processes,

8:528n

Radioactivity,

Radiology,

7:51

Radiometer,

3:195, 244n; 9:47–50, 398

Maxwell’s theory of,

10:284n, 290

research on theory of, funded by KWIP,

9:560c, 568c

theory of, Edith Einstein’s dissertation on,

10:290–291 (see also Einstein, Edith)

Westphal’s theory of,

9:48n, 175–176;

AE on,

9:176n

Radium, use of to test mass-energy equivalence,

5:33

Radtke, Otto,

8:1028c, 1030c; 9:566c;

remuneration of by KWIP,

9:562c, 598c, 602c

Rahm, Hans, on relativistic explanation of effects of brain concussion,

10:602c;

AE on,

606c

Rahtjen, ?, requests KWIP funds for developing melting technique,

8:1014c

Ramsauer, Anna (1881–1970),

1:250n

Ramsauer, Carl (1879–1955),

7:112;

criticizes Born 1920a,

10:516

Ramsay, William (1852–1916),

2:208–209

Raoult, François Marie (1830–1901),

5:16n;

on dissociation,

5:13

Rappard, William (1883–1958),

7:334n; 9:205n;

and relief for postwar Poland,

9:204

Rascher, O., role of in AE’s rental dispute,

5:634c

Rascher Verlag.

See Publishers

Rassow, Berthold (1866–1954),

10:440

Rat geistiger Arbeiter, Breslau, on Aufruf für die Unabhängigkeit des Geistes,

9:105–106

Rathenau, Emil (1838–1915),

8:450

Rathenau, Walther (1867–1922),

7:9n, 113; 8:400n; 9:60n, 350n; 10:96

book by,

8:399, 906;

for Pauline Einstein,

10:96

dedicates book to AE,

9:556c

dedications to AE by,

8:1007c, 1009c, 1015c, 1027c

eulogy for father,

8:451n

open letter to Trützschler-Falkenstein,

8:451

on popular book of AE,

8:448–450

Ration bread, composition of,

8:515n

Ratnowsky, Eleonore (1908–?),

5:507n

Ratnowsky, Raoul (1912–?),

5:507n

Ratnowsky, Simon (1884–1945),

5:415n, 507n, 540n; 8:853; 9:192, 382, 405; 10:67, 284n

Assistent at University of Zurich,

5:415n

candidate as successor of Weyl,

8:814

equation of state for solids, derivation of,

5:415

financial situation of,

9:344

Habilitation,

5:507n

University of Basel, recommended by AE for position at,

5:506

University of Zurich, position at,

9:381–382, 458n

on velocity-dependence of electron mass,

8:908, 913

Ratnowsky-Kraft, Jeanne (1882–1966),

5:507n; 8:815n

Rau, ?, serves in Bürgerwehr,

9:60

Rausch von Traubenberg, Heinrich (1880–1944)

homogeneous cathode rays, experiments with,

9:356

requests AE’s help to obtain position,

9:291–292

Rayleigh, John William Strutt (Lord) (1842–1919),

2:4, 167n; 3:283, 517; 5:42n, 59, 300, 301n, 387

on light scattering,

5:362, 370

radiation theory of,

6:39n, 577

Rayleigh scattering,

3:285, 307, 311n; 8:175, 176n

Rayleigh-Jeans catastrophe,

2:138; 3:xx

Rayleigh-Jeans radiation law.

See Black-body radiation: Rayleigh-Jeans law for

Reaction.

See Action and reaction, principle of

Reaction speed.

See Chemical reactions: speed of

Real, definition of,

8:890n;

meaning of,

890, 896

Reality

concept of, Mach’s,

8:456;

Schlick’s,

456

of sense impressions and events,

8:456–457

See also Physics: reality in

Reality, physical

of frame,

8:228

of space,

8:241

of space and time,

8:214, 221

of spatio-temporal coincidences,

8:228, 235, 238–239, 245, 493

Rebholz, Ludwig G.,

9:607c, 608c

Rebstein, Jakob (1868–1951),

1:291–292, 298, 299n, 364–365

Rebstein, Johann Jakob (1840–1907),

1:367, 379

Reconciliation, French-German,

7:217n

Reconciliation, international

American contribution to,

7:299

brain trust as means to achieve,

7:217n

intellectuals’ contribution to,

7:361–362

Quakers’ contribution to,

7:332, 334

Rector and Senate of University of Berlin, open letter from Arons,

8:946n

Red Cross

German,

7:301n

international committee of,

7:334n

Red giant stars, distribution of in globular clusters,

9:278

Reding, Alois (1856–1937),

5:224, 224n, 340, 396;

complaint against,

304

Redshift

caused by Doppler effect,

9:xxxvii–xxxviii, 330

and distinction between Doppler effect and Einstein effect,

9:336

explained by Earth’s repulsion of light,

9:xxxviii, 287

gravitational

(see Gravitational redshift)

measurements of

by Grebe and Bachem,

9:335

difficulties of,

9:262

funded by KWIP,

9:561c, 564c, 591c

spectral oven for,

9:118, 157, 177, 335, 447

of solar spectral lines

(see Gravitational redshift: solar; Redshift, solar)

of star light, calculations for globular clusters,

9:278–279

Redshift, solar,

9:xxxvii, 37, 330, 355, 401

AE’s inquiry to Julius on,

5:312n

AE’s prediction of,

5:312n, 357, 387

discovery of,

5:313n

explained by anomalous dispersion in solar atmosphere,

9:xxxvii, 267, 272, 287, 470

Julius on,

5:323, 316, 330; 355

observations of,

5:316;

AE on,

328, 337

role of pressure effects in,

5:357

See also Gravitational redshift: solar

Reductionism,

7:59n

Reference frame.

See Frame of reference

Reference mollusks, in general relativity,

9:137n, 140n

Reflection coefficient,

3:557

Refraction

exponents,

8:729

of field lines,

3:398n

index of,

3:297–298; 4:28, 537; 6:45

of light

in earth’s atmosphere, influence on determination of Earth’s radius,

5:405

in solar atmosphere, Julius on,

5:316

Refrigerator,

2:317; 7:xxix;

AE’s and Nernst’s work on,

9:294n

Regener, Erich (1881–1955),

2:577, 583n; 5:308, 309n; 8:933; 9:291, 569c; 10:582c

on Ehrenhaft’s subelectron,

10:297

Reichenbach’s thesis, solicits AE’s opinion on,

10:269

requests KWIP funds for measurements of elementary electric charge,

9:558c;

granted,

560c, 568c

solicits AE’s recommendation of candidates in theoretical physics at Technical University of Stuttgart,

10:269

Regional high command, interest of in AE’s political activity,

8:342n

Regnault, Henri Victor (1810–1878),

1:121

Reich, Ferdinand (1799–1882), experiment of,

3:62, 127n

Reiche, Fritz (1883–1969),

5:81n; 8:43, 382; 9:75; 10:269

Born, successor to,

10:336

diffraction, paper on,

5:182n;

AE on,

182

University of Hamburg, candidacy for chair at,

10:547

Reichenbach, Hans (1891–1953),

3:7, 128n; 7:177n–179n, 181n, 183n; 9:132; 10:270, 382

book by

dedicated to AE,

10:313–314

Schlick on,

454–455

coordinative definitions of, Schlick on,

10:455

on epistemology and relativity,

10:313–314

on Kant and general relativity,

9:510

Schmidt, on book by,

10:505, 506; 608c

student of AE’s,

10:314n, 323

thesis of, Regener on,

10:269

Reichenbächer, Ernst (1881–1944),

7:357n, 369–371n;

at GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim,

7:352

Reichinstein, David (1882–1955),

5:290, 291n, 540n, 607n; 8:283; 10:586c

on chemical properties of atoms,

10:611c

on effect observed by Haber,

10:312

electrolytic amplification of electric currents, lecture on,

10:311–312

on Haber,

10:589c

on oxyde theory of metallic passivity,

10:588c

on principle of displacement,

10:588c

Reichsbank,

8:756n;

monopoly of for foreign currency,

9:139n

Reichsbank, Board of Directors of, AE requests permission from to send money to Swissfamily,

10:567c

Reichstag,

8:506n;

and Deutscher Schutzbund für die Grenz- und Auslandsdeutschen,

9:350

Reichszentrale für naturwissenschaftliche Berichterstattung,

7:300n; 10:271

Reicke, Georg (Berlin mayor),

9:122n

Reifeprüfung, AE’s comments on,

6:581, 582n

Reinganum, Maximilian (1876–1914),

1:237, 305n; 5:293n

AE’s reading of,

2:45, 260

equation of state, work on,

5:293

University of Zurich, candidacy for chair at,

5:445

Reingold, A. J.,

10:534

Reinhardt, Max (1873–1943),

10:xxxix;

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:392–393

Reiniger, Anna (1861–1907),

5:108n

Reininghaus, Fritz,

9:261n, 583c

Reinkober, Otto (1884–1947), experiments on residual rays,

5:246n

Reis, Erna and Karl,

9:603c

Reisner, Heinrich,

8:1013c

Reißner, Hans (1874–1967),

4:510n; 5:418n

AE’s supplementary response to,

4:567–569

on charge distribution in “Entwurf” theory,

8:139–141

discusses paper of AE,

8:141n

on gravitational binding forces in elementary charge,

8:142n

Hopf on,

5:417

on metric field from electric field,

8:142n, 380n

supplementary question to AE on gravitation,

4:508–509,

Weyl’s theory, lectures on,

9:453

Relative motion.

See Motion: relative

Relativity,

8:896–897

AE advocates sober discussion of,

10:245

AE lectures on, in Zurich,

10:xxxi

AE on further development of,

9:457

AE’s popular book on,

8:401;

Hans Albert reads,

10:xxxiv

attacks against,

10:xxxv

axiomatics of,

10:454

British interest in, as means of reconciliation,

9:436

campaign against,

10:xxxvii–xlii

debate on

with anti-relativist Martin Polak,

10:278

in Bad Nauheim,

10:xli

and elasticity theory,

10:241

epistemological issues of,

10:332

generalization of, reasons against,

8:752–753

of gravitational potential, principle of,

8:692, 753

historical development of,

9:247, 267

of inertia,

10:287 (see also Sitter, Willem de: relativity of inertia)

interest of psychiatrists in,

10:284

layman’s reaction to,

9:103–104

and monism,

9:509

of motion,

8:77

parallel work in Göttingen and Leyden,

8:425

philosophical implications of,

10:xlv

and philosophy of Als-Ob,

9:493

popular lecture on, in Leyden,

10:xliv

principle of

(see Relativity, principle of)

publications on, sales of,

10:xxxvii

and quantum problem,

9:403, 460, 498

reception of, in the Netherlands,

10:xxxii

of rotation,

8:69–70, 82, 295–297, 403, 632, 639

theory of, AE’s first usage of term,

3:439n

and thermodynamics, common principles of,

10:120

and time-reversal invariance,

10:54

of translation,

8:297

Relativity, general principle of,

4:548; 6:23, 109, 215, 248, 280, 286–289, 291, 294, 304, 323, 326, 341, 464–466, 472, 480, 482, 489–494, 530, 533, 546–547, 549–550; 7:38, 42n, 119, 122n, 149, 208, 214, 267–268, 281n, 539, 616

AE’s response to critique of,

7:39, 369

and general covariance,

7:xxxii, 43n, 277, 369, 371n

objections to,

7:354–355

physical content of,

7:276–277

See also Relativity, principle of

Relativity, general theory of,

1:381; 2:xxix, 253–254, 273–274; 3:xxix, 125n, 480, 497n; 4:547–550; 6:4, 7–17, 23, 24n, 73–128, 215–223, 226–228, 234–242, 245–248, 264–268, 280, 282n, 284–337, 340–345, 348–356, 360, 372, 379, 404–407, 410–415, 417–418, 464–494, 500–501, 508–517, 529–534, 541–551; 7:xxiii–xxvii, 64, 160, 451, 535, 539, 550, 563, 573n–574n, 576n, 591, 605, 618; 10:478

and absolute differential calculus,

10:25

absorption of gravitation in

De Sitter on,

10:478

Majorana on,

10:287, 296

acceptance of,

10:36, 52–53, 65, 78

AE on own strenuous work on,

8:201, 203, 206

AE’s attempts at modifying,

9:xl–xli

in AE’s popular book on relativity,

6:417–418, 427, 429, 464–494, 500–501, 508–515, 516–517, 529–534

AE’s summary of Einstein 1916f,

6:379

approximate equations of,

6:4, 123–128, 223, 235–238, 245, 319, 331, 333, 348–356, 493

Born lectures on,

9:255, 386

boundary conditions in,

6:543–547, 552n; 7:121n;

degenerate,

8:385

centrifugal and Coriolis field inside rotating hollow sphere in,

8:558, 566

closed timelike curves in,

6:122, 130n

conservation laws in,

8:559, 564–566, 635n, 673–674, 686–688, 697–698, 715, 761

and constitution of electron,

10:549

and constitution of matter,

7:xxvii, 131–140n

coordinate condition in,

8:288, 301–302, 310, 313–315, 319, 366, 436, 534–535, 579n, 749, 752

cosmological considerations in,

6:500–501, 516–517, 541–551; 7:xxviii, 133, 138–139n, 187–188, 370

cosmological constant in

(see Cosmological constant; Cosmological term)

covariance of,

6:245, 288–292, 294–295, 304, 316, 330, 341–343, 406–407, 530, 550; 8:190, 194, 201, 204, 207, 218, 223, 231, 233, 238–239, 248, 263, 459, 630n, 632; 9:267

earlier reasons for rejecting,

8:201, 202n, 207, 245, 325n

with respect to unimodular transformations,

6:216, 218–220, 223, 228, 234–235, 245, 304, 328

curvature tensor in, geometric interpretation of,

8:299

development of,

7:264–278, 376–377, 388, 408–409, 432

distinction between covariant and contravariant expressions in,

10:370

and eclipse expedition of 1919,

10:226

and electrodynamics,

6:105–109, 226, 264–268, 269n, 294, 318, 325–326, 327–330, 536n; 8:306

elliptic vs. spherical space in,

8:393, 425; 9:37

empirical confirmation of,

6:23, 508–515, 517; 7:xxix–xxxi, 111, 200–201n, 206, 209–210n, 213–214, 346–347; 8:197; 9:xxxi–xlii; 583c; 10:xxxvi (see also Solar eclipse expeditions; Gravitational redshift: empirical confirmation of)

energy, concept of in,

10:370

energy of point mass in,

8:534–535

energy tensor in, AE and De Donder on,

10:370–371

energy-momentum

pseudotensor in,

8:304n, 332n, 442, 498–500, 509–510, 516–522, 673–674, 697, 938

tensor in,

8:195n, 230, 235, 332, 553

vector of point mass in,

6:103, 125, 127–128, 544

equation of motion of continuous mass distribution in,

6:101–105

equation of motion of point mass in,

6:76, 87–89, 103–104, 125, 220, 238–240, 294, 305–307, 316–317, 331–332, 406, 548 (see also Geodesic equation)

equations of material processes in,

6:7, 97–109, 219–220, 325, 330, 340–341, 410–412, 414–415

equivalence of

with theory of gravitation of De Donder,

8:303–304, 306–310, 312–313, 315, 318–319, 327–328, 575, 609

with field theory of Hilbert,

8:201, 295

equivalence principle in,

8:344–345

and ether,

8:300–301

Euclidean solution of vacuum field equations of,

9:393n, 403n

field equations of

(see Gravitational field equations)

final formulation of,

10:39

foundations of,

6:73–128, 284–337, 379;

critical remarks on,

121–123; 7:xxiv, xxxii–xxxiv, 37–43, 245; 8:298, 608

generalization of,

7:412–415

geodetic precession in, Fokker on,

10:476

as German product,

8:791n, 829

gravitational waves in

(see Gravitational waves)

Hamiltonian formalism for,

6:11–12, 112–120, 221, 319–321, 340–345, 410–415, 416n; 8:245–247, 247n, 248, 275, 318–319, 327–328, 346, 350, 360–361, 363–366, 369; 10:56

heuristics of,

8:216–217, 230

historical account of,

10:xlviii

hole argument in,

10:27

and hydrodynamics,

6:73, 102–105, 325–327

ignorance of in England,

8:323, 359n

imaginary time-coordinate in,

6:124, 125, 223, 348

inertial mass in,

6:128, 544 (see also Mass: inertial and gravitational)

influence of gravitation on clocks in, AE on,

10:358–359

influence of quantum theory on,

6:356

integral equations for,

8:681

and Kant,

9:510

and kinematics,

7:209, 214; 10:605c

Lagrangian for,

8:419, 430

lectures on in Göttingen,

10:32

light deflection in

(see Gravitational light deflection)

limiting case for small space-time regions,

6:76, 101, 121, 292–293, 303–304, 326, 331; 7:269

linearized approximation of,

7:xxiii–xxiv, 1213, 166, 181n, 551, 554, 574n

logical structure of,

7:209, 214

mathematical roots of,

8:690n

meaning of dt in, AE on,

10:339

mechanics of deformable bodies in,

8:368–370

mechanics of solid bodies in,

8:934–935, 951

metric in

dimension of components of,

8:536

from electric field,

8:142n

inside and outside rotating hollow sphere,

8:481483

nonsymmetric,

8:582–584, 610–611, 644–646, 656

time-independent,

8:485

and neo-Kantianism,

9:204

Newtonian approximation of,

7:xxiv, 36n, 168, 551, 556; 10:241

and Newtonian theory of gravitation,

7:xxxi, xxxvi, 118, 209–210n, 214–215n, 220n, 359n, 377, 409; 8:208, 214, 223, 232, 265

no more task for AE in,

10:43; 10:43

objections to,

7:xxxi–xxxii, xxxiv, 116–119, 121n–122n (see also Anti-relativists)

and overdetermination of classical variables,

9:498

perihelion motion of Mercury in

(see Perihelion motion of Mercury)

physical content of,

6:123–128, 223

in the popular press,

7:210n

privileged frame in,

8:230 390

and problem of space,

6:517–534

and quantum theory

(see Quantum theory: and general relativity)

questions on by Laue,

10:273

radiation of charged sphere rotating around gravitational source in,

9:97

reception of,

7:101; 8:210, 223, 347, 348, 350n, 561, 562n, 605

in the Netherlands,

10:53n, 55

redshift in

(see Gravitational redshift)

reference mollusks in,

9:137n, 140n

regularity condition in,

8:712

rejection of Ricci tensor in,

10:38n

as relativistic theory of gravitation,

7:209, 214

relativity of inertia in,

8:287 (see also Sitter, Willem de: relativity of inertia)

research on funded by Prussian state,

9:274, 584c

research on in the Netherlands,

8:350n, 426n

reservations of Potsdam astronomers toward,

9:157, 158

rigidity, concept of in,

9:140, 474n;

Silberstein on,

473–474

and rotating disk paradox,

9:115–116, 140

rotating magnets and conductors in,

10:348, 354;

Dällenbach on,

591c

Schwarzschild solution of

(see Schwarzschild solution)

space and time in,

6:290, 490–491, 529–533; 7:272

space-time continuum of

(see Space-time continuum: and general relativity)

spatial and temporal character of coordinates in,

8:246

speed of light in,

6:127, 130n, 475; 7:269

summation convention in,

8:249

supernatural masses in,

8:353, 414–416, 467n

twin paradox in,

10:189, 189–190.

universe

size of,

8:360n, 385, 386, 390, 392, 393, 401, 404–406, 557, 627, 670

structure of,

6:500–501, 516–517; 7:318, 393–395, 398

variational formulation of,

8:275

waves in

(see Gravitational waves)

Weyl’s path to, AE on,

9:80

without gravitational redshift, Larmor on,

9:244

world matter in,

8:414

See also Cosmology; “Entwurf” theory of AE and Grossmann; Gravitation, relativistic theory of, static field; Gravitational field; Gravitational potential; Gravitational radiation; Gravitational waves; Metric tensor

Relativity, principle of,

2:xxii–xxiii, xxi, xxix, 253–254, 255, 262–264, 276, 280, 286, 302, 303, 307n, 308n, 312, 410–411, 412n, 414, 420, 433, 438, 451, 568; 3:131–174, 174n–l76n, 426, 429–430, 441–443, 447; 4:30–32, 39, 40, 44, 54, 105n, 126, 181–185, 193, 294, 307, 492, 505–509, 538–543, 610–612; 6:4, 22, 26, 132, 135, 285, 338n, 423, 432–434, 449, 451, 455, 464–466, 503, 527, 530; 7:6, 91, 121n–122n, 449, 458–460, 463–465, 515, 517–518, 523, 593–594, 598; 8:5, 71, 81–82, 297, 659; 10:11

and accelerated reference systems,

3:175n, 480, 487–488

according to Kretschmann,

8:650, 652n

Bucherer’s,

5:135n;

objections to,

50

in classical mechanics,

2:255, 258, 433–434, 504; 6:48, 285, 432–433; 7:250, 254, 373, 407, 519, 603

and covariance under Lorentz transformations,

7:258, 262–263, 374, 408

consequences of,

2:433–484; 3:131–174, 174n–176n

definition of,

3:143

derivation of electrodynamic equations for moving media using,

2:253–254, 494

discussion between Bucherer and Planck on,

5:50n

and equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass,

6:469–472;

some conclusions from,

474–477

extension of to uniformly accelerated frame of reference,

2:476

and Galilean transformation,

3:143, 425–426 (see also Transformation)

general

(see Relativity, general principle of)

generalization of

to uniformly accelerated frames of reference,

5:86

to uniformly rotating systems,

5:210

and gravitation,

2:xxix, 476–484

in mechanics,

10:324

paper by Hasenöhrl on,

5:107

Planck’s support of,

5:50

Poincaré’s definition of,

2:307n, 308n

and principle of constancy of speed of light,

3:430, 434; 4:32–36, 539, 540, 541, 543, 544, 612; 6:435–437, 442, 444, 452, 505, 527; 7:5, 207–208, 213, 431 (see also Light, speed of: constancy of)

public opinion on, in England,

9:444–445

as restriction on possible laws of nature,

7:208, 213, 374, 408

status of,

2:255, 286

and theory of,

3:425

validity of,

2:255, 256–257, 568

Relativity, special theory of,

1:xl, 12, 372; 2:xvi–xvii, xxii, xxv–xxvi, xxviii, xxix, 410, 412n, 570; 3:5, 131–174, 425–438, 439n, 441–448, 449n; 4:9–101, 139, 438, 489, 494, 497, 536–546, 549, 563, 573–575, 585, 590, 591, 609, 616; 6:4, 22, 26, 44–66, 122, 129n, 132, 135, 269n, 279, 285, 290, 322, 338n, 391, 404, 417–418, 425–463, 479, 485–487, 527–529, 536n; 7:3–7, 149–150, 160, 449–450, 458, 515, 526, 591–592, 602; 8:40

absolute time in, Guillaume on,

10:429, 530

AE and,

2:139, 253–274

AE on first paper on,

5:31

AE’s lecture notes on,

3:10

in AE’s popular book on relativity,

6:417–418, 425–463

AE’s refusal to write book on,

5:200

apparent contradiction with Maxwell theory,

5:57

Born on accelerated motion in,

5:486

and classical mechanics,

6:285, 453, 454, 455, 527; 7:5, 7

clock synchronization in, Laue on,

10:272–273

conception of, AE on,

5:485

connection of to general theory of relativity,

4:548

constancy of speed of light in, AE on,

5:485

covariance in,

8:70, 348–349

debate with Guillaume on,

10:xlviii

definition of rigidity in,

10:xxx, 7n, 10

development of,

7:245–264, 373–376, 407–408

Doppler shift in,

10:411

AE on,

10:338

Guillaume on,

10:338

transversal, Fokker on,

10:287

early interest in

Mosengeil’s,

5:40n

Planck’s,

5:40n

electrodynamic field of moving rods in,

10:11

and electrodynamics,

6:4, 26, 59–65, 75, 132, 264, 266, 280, 325, 328, 330, 433,437, 452, 453–455 458, 459, 527; 7:xxxi, 6, 208, 214, 245–250 313–315

electrostatic force in,

10:11

energy of point mass in,

4:58, 489; 6:64, 103, 454, 456; 7:259

epistemological foundations of,

10:9

equation of motion of point mass in,

2:268–269, 365, 411; 3:437; 4:56–59, 545; 6:64–65, 75–76, 132, 135; 7:530, 572n

and ether,

8:73, 300

experimental tests of,

2:253, 270–273, 402–403, 458–461; 3:175n; 5:133n–134n, 136n–138n

and experiments,

6:22, 457–461

first course on, given by Sommerfeld,

2:267

foundations of,

6:472–474; 7:245;

AE on,

5:87

four-dimensional (Minkowskian) formulation of,

2:504–505, 506; 4:4, 41, 42, 65–80, 81, 106n, 125, 324, 340n, 488, 501n, 546, 573, 589, 590, 612; 6:89, 97, 124, 125, 264, 269n, 284, 293, 328, 461–463, 485–487, 506–507; 7:260–264, 280n, 374, 408, 514, 519–520, 524, 571n; 10:6n

AE and Laub on,

5:121n

AE’s use of,

5:246n

Laub’s comments on,

5:119–120

Sommerfeld’s papers on,

5:246

and general relativity,

6:7, 73, 97, 98, 105, 123, 215, 235, 248, 284, 286, 288–289, 292–294, 304, 331, 335, 348, 476, 490, 492, 493, 530, 532, 537n; 8:674–675, 685

heuristic value of,

4:545, 612; 6:452–453

historical background of,

2:253, 254–255, 261–266, 273

invariant space-time interval in,

6:76, 77, 84, 88, 121–122, 292–293, 486, 531; 7:255, 263, 374, 408, 523

invariant volume element in,

6:84, 303

and Kaufmann’s experiments,

5:138

kinematical foundations of,

2:253, 411 (see also Kinematics: relativistic)

Laub’s review paper on,

5:203n

Laue’s book on,

5:200n

Laue’s early interest in,

5:40n

length contraction in

(see Contraction hypothesis, Lorentz-Fitzgerald; Length contraction, relativistic)

light wavefront in,

10:547

limits of,

2:415

and Lobatchevskyan geometry,

10:6n

and Lorentz’s electrodynamics of moving bodies,

8:220, 900

Mach’s appreciation of,

5:205

manuscript on,

4:3–7, 9–101

mechanical model to illustrate effects in,

9:15n

and Michelson-Morley experiment,

10:264

momentum and energy flow in,

5:149n

momentum of point mass in,

4:58, 158, 489; 6:64, 103; 7:259

motion of electrons as confirmation of,

9:354

objections to,

2:253–254; 7:115–116, 280n

Planck’s work on,

2:266–267

reception of,

2:253, 266–268

reflection of radiation from moving mirrors in,

10:7n

results from,

6:453–457; 7:375, 408

rigid motion in

AE on,

5:229, 232

Born on,

2:427n; 5:211n

degrees of freedom of,

2:427n

discussion on,

5:251n

dispute between Ehrenfest and Varićak on,

5:292n

Ehrenfest on,

5:211n

kinematics and dynamics of,

2:422–425, 485n

rigidity, concept of, in,

9:473

rigidly rotating disk in

(see Rotating disk)

role of Fizeau experiment in development of, AE on,

5:229

rotation of rigid bodies in,

10:xxx, 6–15 (see also Rotating disk)

simultaneity of distant events in, Bennett on,

10:600c

space and time in,

4:39 6:4, 285, 288–289, 404; 7:208, 213, 260

space-time continuum of

(see Space-time continuum: and special relativity)

superluminal signals in

(see Signal velocity: superluminal)

termed “Relativtheorie” by Planck,

2:254

validity of,

4:546

variational principle in,

4:489, 494

Relay, Paul Habicht’s design for,

5:24

Relief and Works Agency for Palestine,

9:193

Relief work

in Austria, British,

9:311

in Germany: American,

9:253n, 387;

British,

387;

Quaker,

253n

Religion of might.

See Germany: religion of might in; Treitschke, Heinrich von

Rembrandt,

8:761n

Rennhart, Martin (1855–1928),

1:217, 359

Republic, declared in Berlin,

8:964

Reserve fund, financial,

8:270, 581, 598

Residual rays,

3: xxiii, 510n; 10:17

AE’s paper on,

5:372, 380, 405;

Rubens’s objections to,

5:360n, 393, 394, 405

AE’s work on,

5:418, 437

experiments on,

3:xxiii, xxiv, 510n, 544n; 5:233n, 360n, 395, 437

AE’s criticism of,

5:380–381

refraction of,

5:360n, 382n, 393

Resistance, electric.

See Electric resistance

Resistor, made by Chavan,

5:240

Resistors, parallel,

3:368

Resonance,

3:382, 517n, 540, 546n

of torsional cylinder oscillations,

6:147, 148, 156, 157, 158, 160, 170n, 176, 177, 181, 192, 195, 273, 274

curve of,

165–168, 184–188

Resonator,

1:236, 279, 283, 286; 3:457, 460, 512; 2:152, 167n, 351–354, 375, 379, 575, 585–586

damped, AE’s calculation for,

5:359

energy of,

3:560

motion of, and radiation field,

3:270–280, 281n–282n

See also Oscillator

Rest, absolute,

1:225, 285

Rest density,

4:101; 6:392;

electrical,

4:54, 82, 87, 320; 6:62

Rest energy,

4:59, 108n, 569

Rest mass,

4:98; 6:64

Rest volume,

4:45, 310, 320, 490; 6:101, 350

Retarded potential.

See Potential: retarded

Reutemann, Walter (1870–1938), return to Argentina,

5:140n

Reutemann-Habicht, Elisabeth (1874–1968), return to Argentina,

5:140n

Revenge idea in Germany, AE on,

9:121, 135

Reversibility of elementary events,

8:860

Reversible process.

See Change of state: reversible

Rey, Abel (1873–1940), on French edition of AE’s scientific papers,

9:411

Rey Pastor, Julio (1888–1962),

9:614c; 10:571c, 576c, 591c

AE’s popular book on relativity, proposes Spanish edition of,

9:528

invites AE to lecture in Spain,

9:527; 10:586c;

declined,

10:590c

on publishing Einstein 1917a in serialization,

10:590c

Reynolds, Osborne (1842–1912), on radiometer,

9:48n, 50

Rheinfelden (Canton Aargau),

10:195n, 200, 210

Ricci tensor,

7:28n, 160, 179n, 188n–189n, 452, 549, 553, 574n

Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio (1853–1925),

7:277, 541, 574n

and differential calculus,

6:78, 90, 216, 284, 297, 535n

on differential covariants,

4:195, 294, 296, 324, 329, 495, 620

Richards, Theodore William (1868–1928),

2:129

Richardson, Owen (1879–1959),

5:377; 6:174, 189n;

thermionics, work on,

5:378n

Richardson effect, Reichinstein on,

10:312. See also Ampère’s molecular currents

Richetti, Max,

5:243

Richter, Ernst von (1862–1935),

9:475

Richter, Viktor von (1841–1891),

5:11, 12n

Ridder, Carel de (1881–1962),

9:415; 10:262, 479, 480

Ridder, W. de,

10:479

Riecke, Eduard (1845–1915),

1:236, 279, 281; 4:507, 510n, 529; 8:158

Riehl, Alois (1844–1924),

9:204, 350n;

as coauthor of Manifesto of the 93,

9:122n

Riemann, Bernhard (1826–1866),

2:xxv; 6:372, 496, 499, 531–532, 563; 7:432, 541, 574n; 8:690n, 712n, 870–871, 898; 9:235

and differential calculus,

6:216, 226, 284, 372, 482, 535n

on differential covariants,

4:294, 296, 336

Riemann condition,

6:532

Riemann hypothesis on countability of space,

10:540

Riemann scalar,

4:235n, 239n, 242n; 7:134, 160, 182n, 549; 10:364n

Riemann surfaces,

10:244

Riemann tensor,

4:197–198, 232n, 234n, 235n, 240n, 242n, 343n, 245n, 253n, 254n, 296, 300; 597n; 6:18n, 96, 123, 218, 314–316, 318, 339n, 341; 7:27n, 44n, 80n, 132, 159, 184n, 413–415, 452, 547–549, 553, 563; 8:194, 201, 233, 552–553, 556, 583, 611, 644, 656, 670, 712

definition of,

4:336, 593, 596

trace of,

6:412, 550

Riemannian geometry.

See Geometry: Riemannian

Riemannian space.

See Space: Riemannian

Riese, ?,

10:332

Riesenfeld, Ernst,

8:1012c

Riess, Carl (1875–1929),

9:347

Righi, Augusto (1850–1920),

1:285, 287; 9:114; 10:303n

Rigi, Switzerland,

10:164

Rigid body,

3:5, 72, 81, 83, 102, 442–443; 7:387–393, 400–401

assertions about,

2:268, 410–411

definition of,

3:478

definition of Lorentz-invariant,

3:449n

dynamics of,

2:308n, 411, 412n, 427n

equilibrium and,

3:76

geometric shape of,

2:439, 485n

in homogeneous field,

3:67

kinematics of,

2:xxiii, 288–290, 308n, 410–411, 437, 439–440

kinetic energy of,

2:561

Lorentz-invariant definition of,

2:288–290, 427n

motion of,

1:250; 3:73, 79, 97, 99–113

positioning of,

2:290

in relativity theory,

3:449n, 478–480

relativistic dynamics of,

2:419, 424, 427n

rigidly electrified,

2:415, 420, 422

speed changes of, Schüepp on,

5:221.

in uniform translation,

2:277, 416, 420, 437, 485n;

kinetic energy of,

416–420

See also Relativity, special theory of: rigidity and rigid motion in; Rigid rod

Rigid framework,

2:277, 411, 549

Rigid rod,

3:11, 156

Rigid motion, relativistic.

See Relativity, special theory of: rigid motion in

Rigidity.

See Relativity, general theory of: rigidity, concept of in; Relativity, special theory of: rigidity, concept of in

Rilke, Rainer Maria (1875–1926),

8:138

Ring atom,

8:562n

Ring, rotating, field of,

8:325n

Ritschard, Johannes (1845–1908),

1:312; 5:48n, 106n

Ritz, Walter (1878–1909),

2:134, 144, 145, 146, 263, 542, 551n, 555, 555n; 8:200; 5:451n, 464n, 478n; 7:469n

emission theory of light of,

4:5, 34, 35; 5:450; 6:49; 7:467;

AE’s thermodynamic argument against,

6:67n

Ritz effect,

3:574

Riva, Domenico,

1:lv

Robert College, Istanbul,

9:213n

Robert Koch Institute of Infectious Diseases,

7:448n

Robitschek, Hedwig (1890–?),

5:406n

Rochester, University of

(see University of Rochester)

Rockefeller Foundation,

7:241n, 300n

assists German and Austrian universities,

10:546

Emergency Program for Europe,

7:300n

Rod

action of contrary impulsive forces on,

2:422–424

slithering,

8:632, 640, 749

Rödelberger, Franz (1863–1926),

1:21

Roderich-Stoltheim, F.

See Fritsch, Theodor

Rödiger, Georg, requests KWIP funds for method to transform heat into mechanical work,

8:1014c

Roethe, Gustav (1859–1926),

5:570n; 9:515n; 10:580c, 582c;

on raise of AE’s salary,

606c, 613c

Rogowski, Walter (1881–1947),

6:157, 170n

Röhm, Stefan, requests KWIP funds for analyzing “ice-core” process,

8:1022c

Rohrer, Fritz,

10:36

Rolland, Romain (1866–1944),

7:88, 216n–217n, 491n; 8:168, 169, 170, 204, 505, 510; 9:134n, 164n, 322, 323n; 10:33, 65, 126, 129, 188n

AE on character of,

8:103; 10:129

AE prepared to visit,

8:169n, 171n, 504; 10:65

AE prepared to write to,

10:58

as author of “Un Appel, Fière Declaration d’Intellectuels,”

9:102, 564c, 570c, 575c

as author of “Für die Unabhängigkeit des Geistes,”

7:216n–217n; 9:102n–103n

for French-German understanding,

8:103

on international meeting of intellectuals,

8:109, 117

on international organization of nations,

8:109

on lost optimism of AE,

8:504

on new world order,

8:510

Nicolai

praises book of,

8:504

supports,

8:503n

Nobel Prize for,

10:58

and relief for postwar Poland,

9:204

on responsibility of intellectuals for war,

8:109

Western civilization

on decline of,

8:504, 510

on revitalization of,

8:504

works on novels,

8:504

Roloff, Friedrich Max (1870–1915),

3:421n; 5:16n;

on electrolytic dissociation,

5:13

Romain, Julie,

5:343

Rome, congress of mathematicians in,

5:168n

Ronacher, ?,

3:578

Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845–1923),

2: 271; 3:414n; 5:44n, 428n; 7:88, 494n; 9:217

AE declines invitation by,

8:368

proposed as foreign member of PAW,

10:607c

requests reprints,

5:43

Röntgen’s experiment on magnetism,

4:17, 27; 6:48, 67n

Rosen, Friedrich (1856–1935),

10:267n, 570c, 571c, 573c;

invites AE to The Hague,

10:267

Rosenau sanatorium (Lucerne),

9:118n, 139, 219, 572c; 10:xxxvi, 199, 201n, 204n, 212n

Rosenberg, Hans

on light amplification,

10:594c

requests KWIP funds for astrophyical measurements,

9:557c;

rejected,

561c

Rosenberg, I.,

9:567c

Rosenblüth, Felix (1887–1978),

8:963, 970;

meets with AE,

9:181n

Rosenheim, Theodor (1860–1939),

8:854

diagnoses AE with duodenal ulcer,

10:108

on Eduard Einstein’s condition,

10:145

examines AE,

10:100

Rosenthal, Ludwig (1855–1928),

7:448n

Rosenthal-Schneider, Ilse (1891–1990),

9:xl, 155, 204n, 256, 281n

book on Kant and relativity,

342; 10:262n, 382

Rosenzweig, Franz (1886–1929),

9:168n

Ross, Alfred (1831–1916),

5:115n

Rössler, Mauritz von (1857–1912),

5:266n

Rostock, University of.

See University of Rostock

Rotating disk,

3:478–480; 5:211n; 6:477–480, 512–513, 537n; 7:178n, 270–272, 281n, 388, 538, 573n, 617; 10:xxx, 8–15

AE on paradox of,

9:135–137, 140

circumference of,

4:131, 144n, 193; 6:289–290, 338n, 479

Rotating shell,

7:121n See also Lense-Thirring effect

Rotation,

3:81, 97, 100, 542, 545n

absolute,

7:316, 322n, 370

degrees of freedom of,

6:259

of disk

(see Rotating disk)

of Earth,

3:61, 127n

around its axis,

8:692, 700

around Sun,

692

and terrestrial magnetism,

79

of four-dimensional system of coordinates,

3:170 (see also Lorentz transformation)

of gas molecules,

3:513, 513n, 541–543, 560

quantized,

3:242n, 246n, 518n

relativity of,

6:552n

transformation

(see Transformation: rotational)

velocity of,

3:561

Rotations,

2:308n, 334, 342–343, 420–421, 504

Rotator

rigid,

3:242n, 246n;

quantized,

8:42n

velocity of,

3:545n

Roth, Otto (1853–1927),

5:595;

report by, on conditions in Zangger’s office,

596n

Rothe, Hermann (1882–1923),

5:472, 474n

Rothmund, Ludwig (1870–1927),

8:8

Rothschild, Baron Edmond de (1845–1934),

9:198n

Rothschild, Lord Lionel W. (1868–1937),

9:255n

Rotszajn, Sophie (1873–?),

5:540n; 9:192

Rotten, Elisabeth (1882–1964),

7:333n; 8:345, 364, 371; 9:xliv, 34n, 43n, 71, 185, 231, 422n; 10:211, 333

AE meets with,

8:371n

Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1712–1778),

10:160;

AE reads Confessions,

8:729

Rouvière, Jeanne,

9:537n, 602c, 604c, 606c, 609c; 10:340, 575c;

translates Einstein 1917a into French,

10:328, 572c, 609c

Rowland, Henry A.,

9:xxxvii, 324

Rowland’s experiment,

4:11, 183

Royal Aircraft Factory, Adlershof,

8:221n, 426, 427n

Royal Astronomical Society,

6:512, 537n; 7:xxi, xxx, 210n, 215n; 8:384n; 9:158n

1919 solar eclipse expedition, meeting about,

9:138n

Gold Medal for AE,

9:387, 582c, 588c;

not awarded,

369–370, 378, 401, 408, 595c, 600c, 605c; 10:255n, 309n, 380

joint meeting of with Royal Society,

9:xxxv, 232, 243, 351

Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, AE as corresponding member of,

9:598c, 610c–612c

Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences,

6:145, 147, 552n; 8:247n, 302n, 304n, 370n, 416n, 466n–467n, 474n, 479n, 522n–523n, 609n, 713n

AE as corresponding member of

election,

9:613c; 10:268n, 274–275, 287

induction,

10:xlv, 277

nomination,

10:270–271

meeting on eclipse results,

9:580c

Royal Institution of Great Britain,

7:201n, 340n

Royal Prussian Observatory, Neubabelsberg,

5:504, 505n; 7:146n; 8:57n, 89n, 204n, 209n, 215, 242n, 257n, 260n, 265n, 287, 471n, 564n, 593, 602n, 605, 684n; 9:158n, 275n

Royal Society of London, joint meeting with Royal Astronomical Society,

7:xxi, xxx, 210n; 9:xxxv, 232, 243, 351

Royal Society of Göttingen

AE corresponding member of,

8:222, 227

lecture to

by Debye,

8:820

by Klein,

8:833n

by Runge,

8:688

Royal Surveyor’s Office,

8:595n, 597n

Royds, Thomas,

10:249

Rozhdestvensky, Dmitri (1876–1940),

10:517

Rubakin, Nicolai (1862–1946),

9:576c

Rubens, Heinrich (1865–1922),

2:147, 557, 559n, 586; 3:xxiv, 413n–414n, 500, 503, 504n, 510n, 512n, 544n–545n; 5:187n, 300, 349, 512, 529n, 598n, 602n; 7:102, 340n; 8:347n, 361, 388n, 514n, 655, 781, 1001c, 1004c, 1008c, 1021c; 9:65n, 74, 127, 149, 150n, 228n, 310n, 360n, 488n, 590c, 593c; 10:17, 21n, 64n, 109n, 365, 397n

AE on character of,

8:363

AE’s salary, proposes raise of,

9:580c

awarded KWIP funds for research on radiation formula,

9:571c, 576c; 10:609c

Delbrück-Dernburg petition, signs,

8:176n, 364n

Institut international de physique, dismissed from scientific committee of,

9:115n

KWIP, member of Direktorium of,

8:527n

meets with AE: in Berlin,

5:458n, 467;

in Salzburg,

227

PAW

nominates Laue as member of,

10:570c

nominates Debye and Sommerfeld as members of,

9:410

proposes financial help of to Physikalische Berichte,

9:580c

press statement supporting AE, signs,

10:414n

Purkinje phenomenon, lecture on,

8:212

residual rays

criticism of AE’s work on,

5:360n, 393, 394, 405, 437

experiments on,

5:395n;

AE on,

232, 380–381

Wednesday colloquium of,

8:289, 589, 999c, 1000c, 1002c; 9:xlix, 228, 279n; 10:273n, 524

Rubens, Peter,

8:761n

Rubinowicz, Adalbert (1889–1964),

9:218n

criticizes Ehrenhaft’s negative photophoresis,

10:580c

spectral lines, on theory of,

8:783

Rubner, Max,

9:350n, 582c, 589c

Rüchardt, Eduard (1888–1962),

9:60

Ruchet, Marc (1853–1912),

5:201n

Rudio, Ferdinand (1856–1929),

1:212n, 337, 365, 379

Rudolph, Heinrich (1863–1953),

7:355, 359n

Ruess, ?,

3:581

Ruess, Ferdinand,

1:262n, 282n, 349, 351

Ruiz, Maria Besso,

1:215n

Rümelin, Theodor (1877–1920),

10:550

Rumpler aircraft firm,

8:480n

Runge, Carl (1856–1927),

5:502n; 7:76n; 8:688, 805; 10:471

AE recommends,

10:172

on energy-momentum conservation in general relativity,

8:688, 761

on erroneous formula for light deflection in Einstein 1916e,

10:483–484

Geodetic Institute, candidate for directorship of,

8:796

gravitational waves, lecture on paper of,

8:699n

Ruppin, Arthur (1876–1943),

9:197, 223n

Rusch, Franz (1880–1962),

5:241, 241n, 415, 415n;

excursion with AE,

5:242, 242n

Ruskin, John (1819–1900),

8:941

Russell, Bertrand (1872–1970),

8:492, 511, 738n; 10:408

Russell, Charles H.,

9:12n

Russi, Ugo (1875–1964),

8:329–330, 332

Russia,

8:53n, 57n, 215, 484, 485n, 620n

anti-Semitism in,

8:18

blockade of,

9:203n, 205, 205n;

AE on,

202

instability and violence in,

9:35–36

pogroms in,

8:19n

political pattern for northern Germany,

8:958

postwar conditions in,

9:202, 204–205

Red Army, military successes in Poland of,

9:389n

See also World War I

Russian Academy of Sciences,

8:18n–19n

Russian Association of Physicists, first meeting of,

10:319

Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences,

7:223

Russians, White,

7:241n

Russo-Polish War,

7:430n

Rutherford, Ernest (1871–1937),

2:577; 3:511n, 513n; 5:300, 301n, 349, 522n; 6:370n; 7:339, 340n; 8:285, 706; 10:287, 303n, 365, 513, 595c

experiments on radioactive decay,

4:554n

inducted as foreign member of Dutch Academy of Sciences,

10:287

law of radioactive decay,

6:368, 370n

pleased about eclipse results,

9:236, 238n

Solvay Congress, Third, planned lecture at,

10:303

Rütschke et al., on news about AE considering to leave Berlin,

10:401

Ryffel, Jakob (1861–1935),

1:21

Ryzkov, Nikolay (mathematician),

3:582

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

S

Sackur, Otto (1880–1914),

3:407n; 5:481n, 535, 536n; 6:261n; 8:20, 30n, 38, 42n, 186n

entropy constant, work on,

4:280; 5:480; 8:39n; 6:250–261

gas dissociation, on paper of Stern on,

8:29

on specific heat,

8:20n

on zero-point energy,

8:20

SAG.

See Schweizerische Auer-Aktien-Gesellschaft

Sahli, Hermann (1856–1933),

2:408n

Saint-Venant and Wantzel’s hypothesis,

2:114

Saitschick, Robert (1867–?),

1:364

Salaman, Redcliffe N. (1874–1955),

7:436n

Salamander-Schuhgesellschaft mbH,

9:13n

Salomon, Charles M.,

7:480–481n

Salt solutions,

1:265, 292, 324n, 377

Salzburg.

See Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte: meeting in Salzburg

Samaden hospital,

8:659

Samson and Delila, pets in Elsa Einstein’s household,

10:119, 122, 127

San Remo Peace Conference,

9:197n;

negotiations at, on British mandate in Palestine,

365n

Sänger, Friedrich (1875–?),

1:59n

Sannig & Co.,

9:462, 595c

legal dispute with Allgemeine Elektrizitätsgesellschaft,

7:242–243

patent of,

7:243n

Säntis, massif in northeastern Switzerland,

1:219, 222, 235, 373c, 374c

Sarasin brothers,

8:372

Sarnen, Canton of Obwalden,

1:248, 249n

Saturation magnetization,

6:154, 157, 163, 170n, 175–176, 189n

Sauerbruch, Ernst (1875–1951),

8:814

Sauerwein, Wilhelm,

9:261n

Sauter, Joseph (1871–1961),

2:47, 75n, 96n, 260

Sauvage, Eduard,

2:326n

Savart, Félix (1791– 1841),

1:201; 7:526–527

Savić, Helene (née Kaufler) (1871–1943),

1:245n, 262–263, 271n, 274, 318–319; 5:19n, 215n; 8:4n, 53n, 337–338, 350n, 374n, 381n, 402n, 444n, 455n, 574n, 659n; 9:4n, 91n, 271n, 496n

AE praises,

10:44

biography,

1:386

and Savić, Milivoj, rendezvous with AE and Einstein-Marić in Kijevo,

5:45n

Savić, Julka (1901–1986),

1:274n; 5:19n

Savić, Milivoj (1876–1940),

1:263n, 271n, 273, 386; 5:19n

Savić, Zora (1903–?),

5:19n

Sazyma, W.,

9:601c

Scalar,

6:78, 298; 7:154–155, 510, 513, 541, 574n

density,

7:546

See also Riemann scalar; Weyl (conformal) scalar

Scattering of light,

3:310n–311n

by density fluctuations,

3:283

by small particles,

3:311n

in solar atmosphere, Julius on,

5:316

See also Rayleigh scattering; Smoluchowski-Einstein scattering

Schaefer, Clemens (1878–1968),

8:913; 9:127, 149n, 150n

AE on,

9:149

nominates AE for Nobel Prize,

5:629c

Schäfer, Wilhelm (1868–1952),

9:94, 323n

Schaffhausen,

10:130

AE’s stay at,

1:xxxvii, 317–333 passim, 376, 379 (see also Nüesch, Jakob)

AE teaches at school in,

5:34n

Schaffhausen Cantonal School,

9:129n

Schaufelberger, H.,

4:586

Scheel, Karl (1866–1936),

8:116, 600, 671, 817, 818n, 973, 974; 9:14, 20, 27, 297, 297n, 309, 344n, 571c; 10:332

Scheidemann, Philipp (1865–1939),

9:28

Schenk, Heinrich (1872–1938),

1:338, 339n; 5:114, 115n;

congratulates AE on appointment at ETH,

5:399

Schenkel, Hans (1869–1926),

5:90, 91n, 525n

Scherrer, Otto (1875–?), mathematics teacher of Hans Albert Einstein,

10:87

Scherrer, Paul (1890–1969),

8:823n; 9:24n, 75, 382, 405

leaves University of Göttingen,

9:434

recommended to University of Zurich,

9:487

Scheye, A., paper by,

5:227

Schickele, René (1883–1940),

8:947

Schidlof, Arthur (1877–1934),

4:112; 5:530n;

work on photochemistry,

5:530n, 533n

Schiemann, Elisabeth,

8:911n

Schiff, Jacob (1847–1920),

9:13n;

AE on political trustworthiness of,

11

Schiff, R.,

2:13, 19, 21n

Schild, Karl (1875–1943),

5:234n, 304, 396

AE suggests transfer of,

5:314, 340

AE’s opinion of,

5:234n

appointed Assistent by Weber, H. F.,

5:234n

Swiss Telegraph Administration

retains position at,

5:396n

role in Chavan’s difficulties at,

5:234, 290

Schiller, Friedrich (1759–1805),

10:345

Schiller Foundation (Weimar),

7:363n

Schinz, Hans (1858–1941),

1:331; 2:174; 5:287n; 8:75, 76n, 153n, 404n

Schirach, Friedrich von,

8:858n

Schirmann, Marie A. (1893–?),

10:295

Schjelderup, Harald,

10:246n

Schjerning, Otto, nominated for Lebiniz Gold Medal,

8:1000c

Schläfli, Ludwig (1814–1895),

9:41

Schläfli’s theorem,

8:551

Schleich, Carl Ludwig (1859–1922),

9:392, 394

Schlesinger, Erich,

9:43n, 422n

Schleusner, Thea (1879–1964), portrait of AE by,

9:342

Schlick, Blanche (1881–1964),

9:261n, 313

Schlick, Moritz (1882–1936),

7:xxxi, xxxv; 8:448, 472n, 660; 9:51, 75, 76n, 115, 234n, 239, 280, 328, 374, 449–451, 471n, 483, 510; 10:262n, 586c

AE invites,

8:221, 426

Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre: AE on,

7:403n;

Born on,

9:204

and Als-Ob conference

invited,

10:333

plans to attend,

10:275

unable to attend,

10:573c, 576c

anti-relativity campaign in Berlin, on coverage of English press of,

10:455

on axiomatic method,

7:387, 403n

on Born 1920a,

10:455, 582c

on causality,

10:306–307, 310

conventionalism of,

7:220n, 404n

Dingler, on book by,

9:529

Drill, debate with,

9:282n, 313

on English translation of Schlick 1917,

10:256

on general relativity for philosophers,

10:78

gravitational field, on observability of,

10:307

Holst, on paper by,

9:529

hopes for call to

German University in Prague,

10:391

University of Erlangen,

10:456

University of Giessen,

10:256

University of Zurich,

9:445–446, 477–478, 483, 529

invited to Danzig and Harburg,

10:455

invites AE and Planck to stay in his home,

9:198–199

Mach, criticizes,

8:648

participates in prize contest of Scientific American,

10:455–456

Raum und Zeit in der gegenwärtigen Physik,

9:140, 530

AE on higher royalties for,

9:346, 390–391, 528

English edition of,

9:320

requests AE’s comments on,

9:313

reality, on concept of,

8:456

Reichenbach, on book by,

10:454–455

relativity, book on,

8:456, 648, 898, 965;

AE praises,

8:456, 965

relativity, paper on,

8:388–389, 417, 426, 438, 627, 640;

AE praises,

8:389, 627

relativity, paper on meaning of,

8:220, 389

on results of AE’s calculations regarding star clusters,

9:314

Royal Aircraft Factory, works in,

8:221n, 426

solicits AE’s opinion on successor of Weber in Rostock,

10:390–391, 456

on spatial and temporal causality,

10:307–308

University of Rostock, jubilee of,

9:198–199, 203, 216n, 580c

on uproar at AE’s lectures,

9:478

visits AE,

8:388

writings of, valued by AE,

10:xlviii

Schlick, O., gyroscope of,

8:812n

Schlubach, Heinrich, AE on political trustworthiness of,

9:11

Schlubach, Thiemer & Co. (Hamburg),

9:13n

Schlumpf, Emil,

1:239n

Schmedeman, Albert (1864–1946),

10:479, 491n, 514, 530

on AE’s financial demands for his U.S. lecture tour,

10:523

University of Wisconsin

forwarded AE’s information on Warburg to,

10:538

invites AE to lecture at,

10:604c

Schmid, Anna (1882–1948),

1:220

Schmid, Elfriede (1883–1971),

5:590n

Schmid, Margaretha (1886–1978), marriage to Ehrat,

5:590n

Schmidt, Adolf (1860–1944),

4:607n; 8:717; 9:102, 134

integrating device of,

8:59–61

invites AE,

8:61

manuscript on periodic processes, AE on,

8:60–61

Schmidt, Erhard (1876–1959),

5:449

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:596c

University of Zurich

resigns from,

5:449n

support of Ernst Zermelo’s candidacy for chair at,

5:449n

Schmidt, Harry (1894–1951),

10:509

invites AE for lunch in Altona,

10:598c

on Reichenbach’s competence,

10:610c

book on relativity by, Reichenbach’s criticism of,

10:505;

response,

608c–609c

Schmidt, Heinrich,

9:348n

Schmidt, Jakob (1875–1954),

5:91n, 141n

Schmidt, Raymund (1890–?),

8:886; 9:494; 10:260

Schmidt, Robert,

9:148n

Schmidt und Haensch Company,

9:124, 337

Schmidtbonn, Wilhelm,

9:323n

Schmidt-Ott, Friedrich (1860–1956),

5:511, 513, 513n, 529n, 549n; 7:300n, 364n, 494n; 8:513n, 722n, 822, 1031c; 9:279n, 602c, 603c, 605c, 608c; 10:577c–580c, 582c, 585c, 603c

KWIP, member of Kuratorium of,

8:530n, 571n, 9:583c;

new president of,

600c

Schmidt-Ott/Wildhagen memorandum,

7:363n–364n, 494n

Schmitt, ?,

9:605c

Schmückle, Georg (1880–1948),

9:70n

Schnauder, Alfred (1871–1956), sends compositions to AE,

5:46, 46n

Schnauder, Hanna (1903–?),

5:46n

Schnauder, Otto (1896–1983), AE thanks for sending compositions,

5:46, 46n

Schnauder, Sigrid (1900–1961),

5:46n

Schnauder-Habermehl, Maria (1876–1953),

5:46n

Schneider, Erhard, nominates Laue as member of PAW,

10:570c

Schneider, Ilse.

See Rosenthal-Schneider, Ilse

Schneider, Karl Camillo (1867–1943)

against democracy,

8:676

on own pacifism,

8:676

on physicists popularizing physics,

8:675–676

relativity, paper on,

8:662, 675–676

Schneider, Rudolf, appointed trustee of Albert-Einstein-Spende,

10:578c

Schnitzler, Arthur (1862–1931),

5:546, 546n

Schobinger, Josef (1849–1911),

5:333n, 399n

Schoenflies, Arthur (1853–1928),

5:153n; 8:497; 10:xl, 276, 335–336, 352

concept of time, lecture on,

5:153n

GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim, solicits introductory lecture to relativity session at,

10:305

praises AE’s work,

5:153

requests reprints,

5:153

solicits AE’s opinion on candidates for successor to Born,

10:304–305

Scholz, Heinrich (1884–1956),

9:76n

Schoorl, Nicolaas (1872–1942),

5:334, 334n

Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788–1860),

1:316, 325, 326n; 7:55, 59n, 381n

Schott, Otto, nominated as corresponding member of PAW,

8:1000c

Schottky, Walter (1886–1976),

8:35, 525, 529, 812; 9:30n, 75, 467

AE expresses condolences to,

8:525

AE invites,

8:525

experiments of,

8:37n

visits AE,

8:37n

on weights of quantum states,

9:467

Schottky-Noll, Dora,

8:525n

Schouten, Jan, (1883–1971),

9:16

on geodetic precession,

9:258n, 421, 483; 10:476

Schrobsdorff, Alfred,

8:143n, 146n, 151, 159n

Schrödinger, Erwin (1887–1961),

7:17, 30–31, 32n, 101; 8:559, 690n; 9:75, 399, 463; 10:323n

AE on,

9:298

cosmological constant, interpretation of,

7:xxviii, 34–35, 36n, 140n

University of Hamburg, candidate for chair at,

10:613c;

AE on,

547

Schrodt, Toni,

10:xxxix;

expresses sympathy for AE,

397–398

Schröter, Carl (1855–1939),

5:265n, 275n, 398

Schubert, Franz (1797–1828),

1:21n, 219n

Hans Albert Einstein plays works of,

10:xxxii

Schubert, K., expresses sympathy for AE,

10:596c

Schubert-Soldern, Richard von (1852–1935),

9:518–519, 522n; 10:285, 571c

Schuchard, Ernst, on reaction force of electric wind,

10:592c

Schücking, Walther (1875–1935),

8:118n, 151n, 186, 737, 947n;

character of,

746

Schüepp, Hermann (1884–1971), AE’s evaluation of dissertation of,

5:221–222

Schuh, Friedrich,

9:580c

requests KWIP funds for geophysical research,

9:579c;

rejected,

581c; 10:570c

Schuhfabrik Jakob Sigle & Cie.,

9:13n

Schuler, Max (1882–1972),

10:458

Schüller, Hermann (1893–1948),

9:299

Schultz, Julius (1862–?),

10:260

Schumacher, Hermann,

9:350n

Schumann, Richard,

8:597n, 599, 625

abilities of,

8:617

Geodetic Institute, possible director of,

8:597, 617

Schumann, Robert (1810–1856),

10:77

Schuppe, Wilhelm (1836–1913),

8:695

Schur, Issai (1875–1941),

5:449n; 7:448n; 9:434n

University of Zurich, recommended by Kleiner for chair at,

5:449

Schur, Paul,

8:157

Schuster, ?,

9:434n

Schuster, Arthur (1851–1934),

5:136, 138n, 300, 577; 8:61

motion of electron in electromagnetic field, calculation of,

5:138n

Schuster’s law,

10:527n. See also Star clusters, globular

Schütz, ?,

4:508

Schwaben (Swabia), AE’s roots in,

9:70

Schwabing (now part of Munich),

1:lii n

Schwäbische Sternwarte Society.

See Verein Schwäbische Sternwarte

Schwäbischer Bund,

9:69

Schwalmis, Switzerland,

10:110–111

Schwamberger, Emil (1882–1955),

9:490, 607c

Schwarz, Abraham,

7:231

Schwarz, Hermann (1843–1921),

8:17

Schwarzschild, Karl (1873–1916),

5:581, 581n; 6:337, 362n, 514, 552n, 556; 7:106, 349n, 559; 8:224, 231, 258, 265, 690n, 863, 995c; 9:xxxii, xxxviii, 37–38, 86, 112n, 274, 330, 355, 401

abilities of,

8:287, 293, 323, 605

AE’s memorial lecture for,

6:359–361, 567n

articles by, submitted by AE,

6:362n

death of,

8:291;

AE on,

287, 288n, 293

on elliptic space,

8:474

formula for blackening of photographic plates,

5:212, 214n; 6:361

selection of successor of,

8:293, 412n, 1003c–1004c

Schwarzschild horizon,

8:720

Schwarzschild solution,

4:393n; 7:xxiv, 177n, 181n, 183n, 188n, 560

AE on,

8:231, 239

AE submits paper on,

8:225n, 232n, 239

exterior,

8:224, 231, 239, 326, 362n, 373–374, 425, 585, 725n

interior,

8:259–260, 373–374, 473, 687, 688, 690n, 698, 725n, 749, 806, 824, 834

and Mach’s principle,

9:110

Schwarzschild-Debye maximum in light pressure,

9:398

Schwarzschild-Droste solution.

See Schwarzschild solution

Schweidler, Egon von (1873–1948),

9:393n, 399, 413;

et al.,

8:33n

Schweitzer, Alfred (1875–1920),

5:156n

Schweizer, Sophie (1877–1953),

5:3, 3n

Schweizerische Auer-Aktien-Gesellschaft (SAG),

10:xxxv, 216, 231, 234, 507, 510, 567c

AE’s shares in,

231, 234, 507

Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft,

3:253n, 257n, 315n; 8:169

meeting in Basel, AE’s paper at,

5:250n, 252n

meeting in Frauenfeld, AE’s paper at,

4:475–476, 478–484; 5:553n, 555

meeting in Lugano,

9:152

meeting in Zurich,

10:127

Schweizerische Physikalische Gesellschaft,

8:524n, 905n

meeting in Basel,

6:67n;

AE’s paper at,

4:599–601; 5:599n

meeting in Neuchâtel: AE’s attendance of,

5:239;

AE’s paper at,

236, 238

Schweizerischer Bund für Reformen der Uebergangszeit,

9:99n, 159–160;

goals of,

190n

Schweizerisches Informationsbureau

report on AE, 30 January 1901,

1:275–276

Schwenk, Rudolf,

1:346

Schweydar, Wilhelm (1877–1959),

8:597n, 599, 601, 624, 716; 9:191, 192n, 195n; 10:172

abilities of,

8:617, 625, 717

Eötvös, on character of,

8:594, 717

gas warfare, on inventors of,

8:717

Geodetic Institute

possible director of,

8:617

proposes candidates for directorship of,

8:596–597

on purpose of,

8:596

on requirements for directorship of,

8:596

Helmert, on character of,

8:717

on patriotism,

8:717

requests help of AE in obtaining appointment as department head,

8:594–595

sends food package to AE,

8:717

solar eclipse expedition, ready to recover instruments of,

8:717

Science,

7:444n

Scientific American, prize contest for relativity essay,

10:424, 437, 455–456

Scientific exchange, international,

7:378n

Germany’s exclusion from,

7:300n, 334n, 363n

interruption by World War I,

7:xxxi, 206, 213

Scratch notebook, AE’s,

4:122, 145n, 163n, 179n, 345, 351, 443n

Scrofula,

8:400

Sculpting, Margot Einstein’s interest in,

10:119

Scuola Svizzera di Milano.

See Internationale Schule Protestantischer Familien in Mailand

Searle, Alice Mary,

5:191n

Searle, George (1864–1954),

5:191n

on relativity paper by AE,

5:190

visits Bern,

5:191

Second law of thermodynamics.

See Thermodynamics, second law of

Secondary-school leaving examination.

See Aargau Kantonsschule: Matura examinations at

Seddig, Max (1877–1963),

2:220, 558, 559n;

Brownian motion, paper on,

5:132n;

AE on,

131

Seddig, R.J.W., company,

9:21

Seeberg memorandum,

8:146n

Seelig, Carl (1894–1962),

8:42n, 968n; 9:6n

AE looks forward to meeting,

9:331

and Die zwölf Bücher,

9:321–322, 323n

Seeliger, Hugo von (1849–1924),

6:495; 7:146n, 576n–577n; 8:242n, 557, 578; 9:296; 10:37n, 62, 64

and anti-relativists,

7:104, 349n

Astrophysical Observatory, favors Gustav Müller, for directorship of

8:386n, 411

character of,

8:255

on flat universe,

8:578n

gravitational redshift, criticizes paper on,

8:261

on inertial systems for astronomy,

8:447

modification of Newtonian theory of gravitation,

7:xxviii, 142, 187

perihelion motion of Mercury, paper on,

8:217, 218n;

Freundlich’s criticism of,

101n, 256

Seeliger, Rudolf (1886–1920),

9:569c; 10:572c

as possible successor of Lampa,

9:77

requests KWIP funds for air pump for research on light emission of atoms,

9:589c;

pending,

615c

requests KWIP funds for battery and discharge tubes for research on light emission, pending,

10:568c;

granted,

568c

requests KWIP funds for mercury for research on light emission of atoms,

9:556c, 562c;

granted,

561c, 563c

Seeliger’s paradox,

8:557, 644

Seelisberg, Switzerland,

10:41

Seemann, Hugo (1884–1974),

9:30, 563c, 564c

asks AE for assistance,

9:60

on bremsstrahlung,

9:22–23

curriculum vitae of,

9:21–22

Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt, rejects offer of position at,

9:60

on polarization of X-rays,

9:22, 61

requests KWIP funds for stipend,

9:21;

rejected,

562c

requests KWIP funds for X-ray spectroscopy,

10:585c, 609c;

pending,

10:607c;

granted,

9:560c, 562c;

declined,

10:611c

Seiler, Ulrich (1872–1928),

9:271; 10:227

Seippel, Paul (1858–1926),

8:503, 504n; 10:125

Seismic waves, artificial,

8:708n

Selety, Franz (1893–1933?),

8:537, 652n

on consciousness,

8:490–494

on doubts of Ehrenhaft on elementary charge,

8:538

on elements of continuum,

8:492

on infinity of similar events,

8:494

on necessary occurrence of improbable events,

8:494

on perception of: music,

8:541–542;

paintings,

546;

speech,

542–543

on privileged frame,

8:486–490

on time,

8:491

Self-induction,

2:492n; 3:371, 375, 382, 399n–400n

and circuits,

3:380

coefficient of,

3:399n

measurement of,

3:373

per unit,

3:384, 399n–400n

Seligsohn, Arnold (1854–1939),

7:195n

Selle, Hermann (1896–1960),

7:331n

Sellien, Ewald (1893–?),

9:204, 576c;

dissertation of, AE on,

9:155–156

Selmayr, Karl (1884–1974),

9:298n

Semipermeable barriers,

2:212–213

Semon, Richard, on heritability of acquired characteristics,

9:506

Sensitive areas on atoms,

8:30

Separability principle,

3:315n

Separation theorem,

2:74n–75n, 95n, 96n

Serbia.

See World War I

Serbs, in conflict with Austrians, AE on,

5:508

Serchinger, Reinhard,

8:525n

Serini, Rocco (1886–1964),

9:393, 403

Shakespeare, William, AE on,

9:84

Shankland, R. S. (1908–1982),

2:262

Shanyavsky City University of Moscow.

See University of Moscow, Shanyavsky City

Shapley, Harlow, on stellar distributions in Mess 15 cluster,

9:278

Shaw, Bernard (1856–1950),

10:237

Sheffield, University of.

See University of Sheffield

Shell, rotating.

See Rotating shell

Sheppard, Samuel (1882–1948),

10:317

Shots, soundwaves produced by,

6:281

Sidler, ?,

1:271

Sidler, Eduard (1889–1987),

3:8, 599;

notes on course by AE,

4:6; 6:67n

Siedentopf, Henry, (1872–1940),

2:210–211, 219–220, 334, 344n–345n

discussion of Salzburg lecture of,

2:557–558, 559n

lectures by,

5:623

Siegbahn, Karl Manne (1886–1978),

9:217, 218n; 10:303;

on X-ray spectra,

8:783

Siemens, Arnold von (1853–1918),

8:825n

Siemens, Werner von (1816–1892),

1:191, 193, 197n

Siemens, Wilhelm von (1855–1919),

1:lii; 8:570, 593, 613; 9:xlvii, 107, 108n, 119n, 134n, 279n, 552c–553c, 561c, 563c–566c, 569c–570c, 583c; 10:222n

funeral notice of,

9:579c

KWIP

administrative correspondence with,

8:1012c, 1014c, 1016c–1018c, 1021c, 1023c, 1026c–1028c

chairman of Kuratorium of,

8:571n, 1011c;

succeeded by Schmidt-Ott,

9:600c

on financial report of,

8:758n

Siemens centenary,

8:368

Siemens Co., contributes to Albert-Einstein-Spende,

10:372

Siemens & Halske,

5:384n; 8:37n, 571n, 822, 866, 883n

acquisition of gyroscope patent by,

6:139, 144n

measuring instruments of,

6:182

oscilloscope of,

6:177

Siemens-Helmholtz, Ellen von (1864–1941),

8:825n

Siemens Ring Foundation,

8:368n

Siemens-Schuckert,

8:571n

Siemering, Hertha (1883–1966),

10:274

Sieveking, Hermann (1875–1914),

3:544n

Sievers, Anna (1860–1912),

1:377

Sigmaringen,

10:114, 130, 330, 346, 362, 446, 454

Signal Co.

legal dispute with Atlas Works,

7:472–478n, 480–481

patent of,

7:481n

Signal, superluminal.

See Superluminal velocity; Signal velocity: superluminal

Signal velocity

AE’s definitions of,

5:58, 67–69, 70

Brillouin on,

5:60

Laue on,

5:59

relation with group velocity, according to AE,

5:70

Sommerfeld on,

5:60

superluminal,

10:8;

impossibility of: according to AE,

5:59, 61, 63–64, 71, 85;

according to Sommerfeld,

59;

in Maxwell theory,

58

See also Superluminal velocity

Silberstein, Adele (1876–?),

8:446n

Silberstein, Ludwik (1872–1948),

7:xxxi, 443n–444n; 8:446, 1015c; 9:xxxvi, 472, 474; 10:241

debates of on eclipse expedition results,

9:474n

on ether,

9:472–473

general relativity, skeptical of,

9:244

on Stokes-Planck ether,

10:241

Silver,

3:xxiv, 413, 414n;

specific heat of,

5:245

Silver atom beams, mean free path of,

10:336, 360

Simon, Hugo (1880–1950),

9:71, 343n

Simon, Leon,

9:327n

Simon, S.,

5:136

Simonson, Emil, on crackpot scientific ideas,

8:1030c

Simplon Pass, Canton of Valais,

1:293, 313n

Simplon Tunnel, Canton of Valais,

1:293n

Simultaneity,

3:xx, 151, 483; 4:39, 183, 544, 611; 8:73

absolute,

2:253; 9:432n

definition of,

2:257, 264, 277–280, 439; 4:38, 132, 542–543; 6:4, 280, 289, 438–442, 528; 7:3, 251, 373, 407; 10:14

distant,

2:253, 265, 278

Poincaré’s comments on,

2:307n–308n

relativity of,

2:282; 6:4, 285, 440–443, 527; 7:5, 208, 213, 252

Singularities,

2:148, 351, 553n, 581–582, 586

admissibility of,

8:379

as energy quanta,

10:352n

in radiation,

3:xix, 423n

Sitter, Willem de (1872–1934),

4:5, 104n, 439n; 6:67n, 435, 545–546; 7:16, 42n–43n, 46, 49n, 101, 198n, 323n; 8:208n, 244, 288n, 301, 313, 323n, 359n, 385, 407n, 413n, 426n, 429n, 458, 536n, 562n, 578n, 606, 633n, 641n, 654n, 662n, 690n, 694n, 727n, 733, 734n, 961, 990c; 9:xxxiii, 145, 150, 166, 258n, 261, 502; 10:55n, 117

on abilities of

Hartmann,

8:322

Hertzsprung,

8:322

Küstner,

8:322–323

Ludendorff,

8:322

Müller,

8:323, 413

on AE’s cosmological constant,

10:501

AE’s popular book on relativity, on English edition of,

9:261

on AE’s reintroduction of absolute time,

10:478

in Arosa sanatorium,

9:167n, 238, 238n, 262, 264, 295

on astronomers and astrophysics,

8:322–323, 606n

Astrophysical Observatory, on candidates for directorship of,

8:322–324

closed universe, against,

10:477–478

congratulates AE,

9:262n

controversy between AE and,

6:552n

degenerate boundary conditions, discussion with AE on,

8:413

eclipse results, on news of,

9:236

emission theory of light, work on test of using binary star observations,

5:524n;

dispute with Freundlich on,

5:555n

ether,

8:303n

on AE’s concept of,

10:477

finite universe of,

8:415

on Galilean space,

8:302n

galaxy, on stability of,

10:500–501

general relativity, publishes in England on,

8:323, 347, 350n, 357, 359, 383, 413; 9:264

on geodetic precession,

9:422n

on ghost images of stars in a closed universe,

10:477–478, 50

gravitation, on absorption of,

10:478

on gravitational waves,

8:302n

ill with tuberculosis,

8:390, 411, 421, 427, 432, 468, 476

on inhomogeneous mass distribution in universe,

8:428

lectures in Leyden,

10:52n

on lunar motion,

8:302, 303n

Mach’s principle

against,

10:477

disagreement with AE on,

7:42n–43n, 371n, 404n, 576n

mass horizon, discussion with AE on,

8:720

paper of, AE on,

6:536n

on planetary motion,

8:303n

presents lecture at gravitation colloquium of Ehrenfest,

8:536

priority in giving first-order metric for field of mass point,

8:302n

relativity of inertia, discussion with AE on,

8:351, 352–353, 357–360, 414–416, 421–423, 427–428, 434, 466–467, 472–473, 475–476, 478–479, 485, 496–497, 501–502, 712–713, 720

Ritz’s emission theory, refutation of,

7:467–469n, 517

singularities, discussion with AE on,

8:354–355, 720

spectral lines, on identifiability of,

8:358, 413

on statistical equilibrium as a condition for a closed universe,

10:478

violet shift, on lack of,

8:413

See also Cosmological model, De Sitter’s; Pexider

Sivkovich, Hans (1881–1968),

9:261n, 281n

Six-vector,

4:72; 6:56–57, 80–81, 264, 298–299

antisymmetric “Erweiterung” of,

6:312

divergence of,

6:95, 217, 312–313

dual,

6:59–60, 68n, 87, 130n, 264, 269n

V(olume)-,

6:106, 266

See also Tensor

Skillings, Everett,

7:300n

Sklarek,

10:486

Sky, blue color of,

3:283–284, 310n

Slichter, Charles

on AE’s financial demands for his U.S. lecture tour,

10:523n

on AE’s proposal to lecture in German,

10:539n

Slithering rod,

8:632, 640, 749

Slocum, Frederick (1873–1944),

470

Slowo publishing house.

See Publishers

Smekal, Adolf (1895–1959),

10:322, 367, 375

AE on,

9:368

against Ehrenhaft as Exner’s successor,

10:580c

on evidence against optical size measurement by Ehrenhaft’s group,

10:294–296

Smithsonian Institution,

9:605c

Smoluchowska-Baraniecka, Zofija,

5:467n; 8:514n

thanks AE for condolence,

8:549

visits AE in Prague,

8:550

Smoluchowski, Marian von (1872–1917),

2:208, 210, 212, 215–217, 396n; 3:7, 191, 283–285,287, 310n–311n, 508n; 5:124n, 451; 8:231, 265n, 801, 1011c; 9:176, 518n; 10:39n, 134

AE invites to Prague,

5:429, 434, 466

AE’s obituary of,

3:284; 6:577–578; 8:549

blue color of sky, explanation of,

5:363n

acknowledges error in,

5:370

AE’s criticism of,

5:362

character of,

8:550;

AE on

514

death of,

8:514n, 561;

AE on,

514

musical taste of,

8:550

opalescence, work on,

5:254, 269, 362n, 374

University of Vienna, invited to,

8:264

unsuccessful attempt to visit AE in Bern,

5:429

Ehrenfest visits in Lemberg,

5:429n

visits AE in Prague,

8:514n

Wolfskehl lectures of,

8:291

See also Brownian motion

Smoluchowski-Einstein scattering,

3:285

Smoluchowski-Einstein theory of opalescence,

3:311n–312n

Smuts, Jan Ch. (1870–1950),

9:110

Snellius, Willebrord,

9:502

Sobral, Brazil,

10:226n

Social Democratic Party

Austrian,

8:395n

German Independent,

8:947n

German Majority

(see Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands)

Swiss,

8:442n, 942n

Social Democratic Party, Germany.

See Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands

Socialism,

7:124n

Socialist government for Germany,

8:964

Socialist Student Association.

See Sozialistischer Studentenverein

Societá Anonima Cooperative Pavese di Elettricitá,

1:liv

Société Française de Physique

AE’s lecture to (1913),

4:109, 112, 287–292; 5:517n–520n

Société Suisse de Physique.

See Schweizerische Physikalische Gesellschaft

Society for the Founding and Preservation of an Academy for the Science of Judaism.

See Verein zur Gründung und Erhaltung einer Akademie für die Wissenschaft des Judentums

Society of Friends (Quakers)

aid program of,

7:241n

Eddington and Ludlam as members,

9:378n

opposes isolation of German scientists,

9:378n

relief work in Germany,

7:332, 332n–333n, 334, 470n–471n; 9:139n, 253n, 496n

Society of Friends of the Goethe Museum.

See Verein der Freunde des Goethemuseums

Society of German Natural Scientists and Physicians.

See Gesellschaft deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte

Society of Nautical Instruments.

See Gesellschaft für nautische Instrumente

Society for Positivistic Philosophy, call for creation of,

5:631c

Sohnke-Schoenfliess theory of crystal structure,

9:210

Solar eclipse,

4:509, 550; 6:475, 511; 8:469, 560

Solar eclipse expedition of 1914,

4:295, 299, 300–301, 500, 586, 587n; 5:531, 532n, 538, 550; 6:24n; 7:xxx; 8:19n, 56, 57n, 215, 469, 564n, 608–609, 682, 717; 9:xxxii, 263–264, 305

failure of,

10:25

Freundlich’s role in,

5:593

funding of,

5:581, 594n, 595, 596n

Planck’s support of,

5:581, 593, 595

planned,

10:22–23

Solar eclipse expedition of 1918,

9:xxxii, 157–158

Solar eclipse expeditions of 1919,

4:549; 6:512, 537n; 7:xxi, xxx, 106, 111, 178n, 245, 269, 347, 559, 614, 619; 8:684n; 9:xxxiii–xxxvi, 236, 262, 285, 292–293, 346, 408, 526, 568c; 10:xxxvi

AE congratulated on positive results by

Bergmann, Hugo,

9:582c

Bonn University physicists,

9:584c

Coenen,

9:229

Dällenbach,

9:190

De Sitter,

9:262

Fokker,

9:236

Guillaume,

9:378

Lawson,

9:252

Oppenheim,

9:173, 255

Perrin,

9:224

Planck,

9:180

Ulm, mayor of,

9:607

Von Traubenberg,

9:292

Zürich physicists,

9:192

alternative explanations of positive result of,

9:xxxvi

British debates on results of,

9:474n

financing,

7:210n

funding of,

9:273

Lorentz’s telegram to AE on,

9:180

no news about results of,

9:98, 116, 147, 154

organized by Dyson,

9:244

photos taken by,

9:91, 94, 137, 138n

positive influence on reconciliation of German and English scientists,

9:263

preparation for,

9:31–32, 64

press coverage of: British,

9:243;

German,

9:404

results of,

7:xxx, 201n, 210n; 9:199, 218–219, 232, 236, 243, 246, 255, 262, 295, 305; 10:222, 223

AE’s confidence in,

9:xl, 197

popular enthusiasm at,

9:262, 326

preliminary,

7:200–201n, 210n; 9:167, 170, 186

presented to DPG,

9:602c

See also Eddington, Arthur S.

Solar radiation.

See Radiation: solar

Solar system,

3:37–38. See also Kepler’s laws; Planets

Solar theory,

6:360

Soldner, Johann G. von (1776–1833),

3:497n; 6:536n; 7:112

gravitational light deflection, calculation of,

5:551n

Solenoid,

3:371, 399n

Solenoidal condition.

See Incompressibility condition

Solid bodies,

2:430; 3:511n–512n

analogy of with highly dilute solutions,

3:545n

anisotropic,

2:512, 522

atomic oscillations in,

3:xxiii–xxiv, 475n (see also Oscillations: atomic)

density of,

3:xxiii

elasticity of,

3:xxiii–xxiv, 409–413, 413n–414n, 475n (see also Force: elastic)

electronic vibrations in, Haber on,

5:377n

energy fluctuations in,

3:546n

equation of state for

derived by Grüneisen,

5:415

derived by Ratnowsky,

5:415

heating of,

3:476n

in general relativity,

8:934–935, 951

infrared eigenfrequencies of,

2:384, 386, 405

lattice model of,

2:143

melting temperature of,

3:xxiv, 475n–476n

molecular weight of,

3:xxiii

oscillator model of,

2:239, 383–384, 405

proper frequency of,

3:511n;

ultraviolet,

2:384, 386

properties of,

2:379, 549

quantum theory of, works on,

8:515

thermal properties of,

1:xl, 284–285

vibrational energy of,

2:xx

Solid bodies, specific heat of,

3:410, 412, 500, 511n, 512, 522, 524, 544n

anomalous behavior of,

2:xx, 134, 141–143, 173, 384, 388–389, 390n, 405 (see also Dulong-Petit rule; Kopp rule)

kinetic theory of,

2:549

Nernst’s and Lindemann’s experiments on,

2:390n–391n

quantum theory of,

2:xx, 379–389

research funded by KWIP,

9:560c, 567c

temperature dependence of,

2:238, 385–386, 405, 406n

Weber’s experiments on,

2:142, 389, 390n

Solipsism,

7:346, 348n

Solovine, Maurice (Moritz) (1875–1958),

1:382; 2:xxiv, 260; 5:5, 9, 24n, 26, 30n, 152n, 290; 7:xxxiv, 576n; 9:450n, 537n; 10:575c

accompanies AE on trip,

5:27n

AE invites,

5:151

AE on,

5:31

attends: University of Bern,

5:5n, 32n;

University of Lyon,

28n, 41n

departure for Lyon,

5:28n, 28–29

Ehrat, mountain trip with,

5:248

Kuwaki, meets with in Paris,

5:169

move from Bern to Strasbourg,

5:26n

offers to translate Einstein 1917a into French,

10:569c, 578c–579c

Olympia Academy, member of,

5:5n, 7n

position in Paris,

5:133n;

AE’s congratulations on,

133

possible job as translator,

5:39

as prospective French translator of AE’s popular book on relativity,

9:536, 616c

return to Bern,

5:30n

trip in Bernese Oberland,

5:28

trips to Thun with AE,

5:5n

visits AE in Zurich,

5:248

writes dedication to AE,

10:573c

on writing popular book on relativity,

9:499–500, 529

Solubility

Besso on,

5:14

role of gravitation in, Besso on,

5:14

role of hydration in,

5:16n;

Besso on,

14

Solutions

analogy of to ideal gas,

2:221

aqueous,

2:181, 400n

attachment of solvent to solute molecules in,

2:199

colloidal,

2:181, 209–210, 219, 399–400, 400n, 558

concentration of,

2:499

diffusion in,

2:497

dilute,

1:292

as distinct from suspensions,

2:209–210

fully dissociated,

2:23

nondissociated,

2:186, 198–201

salt,

2:7, 23–39;

dilute,

6–8

solid, Besso on,

5:14

sugar,

2:179, 198–199, 202, 347–348, 500

theory of,

2:xix, 23–39, 171

Van ’t Hoff’s theory of,

2:171; 4:558, 562

Solvay, Ernest (1838–1922),

3:xxv; 5:301n; 9:54, 114, 115n, 121, 216

AE’s appreciation of,

5:358

supports Solvay Congress participants,

5:358n

Solvay Congress, First (1911),

3:xxv–xxviii, 243n, 245n, 504n, 545n–547n, 562n; 4:111, 272, 554n; 6:39n, 370n; 7:331n; 8:561; 9:7n, 172n; 10:xxxiii

AE and,

3:xxvii, xxx

AE accepts invitation to,

5:302

AE attends,

8:7n,

AE’s discussion remarks at,

3:xxvi, xxviii, 243n, 245n–246n, 253n, 284, 311n, 505–518, 505n–519n, 550–561, 562n

AE’s impressions of,

5:345, 349, 380, 419

AE’s lecture at,

3:455n, 521–543, 544n–548n

AE’s paper at,

4:271, 285n; 5:320, 322n;

discussion of Boltzmann principle in,

5:311n

AE’s trip to,

5:341n, 344

Lorentz as chairman of, AE on,

5:346

publication of proceedings,

5:418n

topics of,

5:300–301

Solvay Congress, Second (1913),

4:270, 273, 559n; 6:39n; 8:66n, 157n, 175; 9:245n; 10:370n

AE on,

5:565

AE asks permission to attend,

5:561

AE’s discussion remarks at,

4:273, 552–559; 5:541n; 8:20n, 156,

AE’s invitation to,

5:521

Bragg’s paper at, AE on,

5:562

Solvay Congress, Third (1921),

6:149; 7:585n; 10:xlvii, 302, 312, 320

AE invited as international individual,

10:312

participants at,

10:303n

planned lectures at,

10:303

Solvay Institute.

See Institut international de physique Solvay

Somme, battle of,

10:43n

Sommerfeld, Arnold (1868–1951),

2:147, 267, 307n; 3:257n, 268n, 500, 578; 4:3, 112; 5:86n, 107, 299–300, 335, 349, 386, 386n, 391, 418n, 446n, 465, 478, 482, 506n; 6:55, 67n, 388, 567n; 7:59n, 345; 8:132, 147, 191, 195, 206, 216, 255, 386n, 425n, 436, 561, 569, 601, 621–622, 626, 688, 712, 733, 738, 775, 858n, 962; 9:xxxix, xlix, 6, 8n, 15n, 26n, 50n, 84, 218n, 266, 278n, 309, 354n, 390n, 397n, 408, 434, 435n, 464n, 503, 535, 590c, 596c; 10:xl–xli, 6n, 39n, 62, 67, 83n, 276, 418, 533, 543

abilities of,

8:627

AE

expresses sympathy for,

10:408

invites to lecture in Munich,

10:452, 530–532, 549

on mediating between Lenard and,

10:427

meeting with in Salzburg,

5:227

AE on character of,

9:388

AE visits in Munich,

5:290

AE’s affection for,

5:210, 227

AE’s work, negative comments on,

5:88n

and anti-relativists,

7:108, 113

on Arbeitsgemeinschaft 1920,

10:451–452

asks AE to lecture in Munich,

9:404

asks AE to present own paper to DPG,

9:20, 64

Atombau und Spektrallinien: AE on,

9:388; 10:532;

Zangger on,

513

atom-electron collisions, hypothesis on,

5:321, 338

atomic structure, popular book on,

8:783, 957

Berlin, on news about AE considering to leave,

10:xxxix, 408–409

Bohr, praises,

10:549

bremsstrahlung theory of,

9:22

DPG,

10:427

chairman of,

8:781

recruits lecturers for,

8:784

Ehrenfest

on Habilitation of,

5:461, 463n, 476

praises,

5:464n

“eka-iodine,” on discovery of,

9:217

electron mass, on velocity-dependence of,

8:913

“Entwurf” theory, reception of,

8:154

Epstein, intervenes on behalf of,

9:153n

GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim, on preventing anti-relativist demonstrations at,

10:408

on German revolution,

7:xxi

Helmholtz Prize, nominated for,

8:1004c

hypothesis of elementary collisions,

3:516–517, 542–543

Institut international de physique, dismissed from scientific committee of,

9:115n

on Laue’s teaching abilities,

5:447n

Lenz, supports application by for KWIP funds,

9:18, 20, 555c

Mathematische Annalen, as adviser for,

9:317

PAW, corresponding member of: elected,

9:605c;

nominated,

409

photoelectric effect, theory of,

3:504n, 518, 517n, 546n–547n; 5:466n

Planck celebration, lecture at,

8:628, 647, 672

possible anti-Semitism of,

9:390n

quantum condition of,

5:360n

quantum statistics, on foundations of,

8:957–958

quantum theorem of Epstein and, AE on,

6:556–566

and quantum theory,

3:501, 504n, 515, 515n, 516–518, 541–543; 10:67

quantum theory of,

8:464–465, 468, 478

relativity, general

on electron and,

10:549

reaction to,

5:589

relativity, special

gives first course on,

2:267

work on,

4:3, 72, 106n–107n, 324; 5:246

signal velocity,

5:57, 60

AE’s interest in work on,

5:87

discussion with Wien on,

5:59

lecture at GDNÄ meeting in Dresden on,

5:59, 75n, 86n, 89n

sends paper on,

5:85

solicits article from AE for Süddeutsche Monatshefte,

10:409

Solvay Congress, First, lecture at,

3:547n

spatial distribution of X-ray energy, paper on,

5:228, 230n

spectroscopy, work on,

8:260, 326, 627

Stark, polemic with,

5:232, 233n

University of Ghent, lectures at,

8:701

Usener, criticizes book of,

8:837–838

visits AE in Zurich,

5:246n, 252;

AE on,

253

on Weyl’s unified field theory,

8:879, 956n; 9:113n; 10:349n

X-ray spectra of, theory of,

8:784n

on zero-point energy experiments,

4:552n

Sommerfeld, Arnold Lorenz (1904–1919), death of,

9:218n

Sommerfeld, Eckart (1908–1977),

5:506n

Sommerfeld, Ernst (1899–1976),

5:506n

Sommerfeld, Johanna (1874–1955),

5:506n; 9:218n

Sommerfeld, Margarete (1900–1977),

5:506n

Sondermaier, Ludwig,

1:347–349

Sorbonne,

7:331n; 8:7n, 74n, 202n

Sorel, Georges (1847–1922)

on belief in myths,

9:96n

Réflexion sur la violence,

9:95

Sound

absorption of,

7:330

detection of direction of waves of,

7:472–478n, 480–481;

distant,

8:638n, 760n

propagation in gases,

7:325–330

Southerns, Leonard, experiments on equality of inertial and gravitational mass,

4:187n; 5:498

Soviet Republic, Hungarian,

10:xlii

Soviet Union, civil war in,

7:430n

Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Majority Socialists),

7:124n, 205n, 240n, 429n; 8:629, 919, 944n, 946n, 947n, 965n; 10:xlii;

AE’s support of leadership,

123–124

Sozialistischer Studentenverein,

9:29, 558c

Space

absolute,

2:277; 7:xxxiii, 535; 8:358, 639; 10:300, 307, 325, 392

in general relativity,

10:324

Kant on,

10:293

and relative,

6:280, 552n

Riemannian hypothesis of countability of,

10:540

See also Newton, Isaac: on absolute space

absolutely at rest,

2:277

anisotropy of,

2:567

of reference (“Bezugsraum”),

7:501–504, 509

and clocks,

3:148

concept of,

2:264; 6:519, 523;

in general relativity,

529–533; 7:3, 351, 501

curvature of,

6:501, 511, 547–548, 551; 7:136, 209, 214, 538, 558

curved,

8:553, 556

empty,

2:277, 415, 542, 569; 6:418, 518–519, 529, 536n (see also Vacuum)

and ether,

3:132–133, 145

Euclidean,

7:502

four-dimensional,

3:170, 438

Galilean,

6:286, 470, 476, 490, 491–492; 8:302, 314, 498 (see also Galilean space-time)

homogeneity of,

2:440; 7:401;

of time and,

3:157, 166

isotropy of,

7:257

lack of characteristics of,

8:240

matter-free,

2:307n (see also Vacuum)

measurements of,

6:101, 289–294, 404, 407, 418, 427–431, 443–444, 462, 478–479, 484–485, 530; 7:197–198n

Newtonian,

8:499

physical reality of,

8:241

problem of,

6:418, 517–534, 536n

relativity of distance in,

6:443–444; 7:253

Riemannian,

7:276

spherical,

7:139n, 566

theory of,

2:261

and time

(see Space and time)

in uniformly accelerated reference frame,

2:476–480

See also Space-time; Space-time continuum

Spacelike interval.

See Invariant space-time interval

Space and time,

3:144, 147–148, 170, 431, 438

absolute,

8:352, 631

difference between,

8:72–73

homogeneity of,

3:157, 166

objective meaning of,

8:348, 388

physical reality of,

8:214, 221

Space-time

and acceleration field,

4:131–134

AE’s remarks on,

4:143–144, 549

conventions in measurement of,

3:434

five-dimensional Minkowskian,

8:778, 786, 805

four-dimensional Minkowskian,

169, 438, 444; 6:529, 531, 533

geometry at large,

8:393, 414–416, 417n, 421–422, 425, 427–428, 432, 435, 439, 466–467, 472–476, 478–479, 485, 496–498, 501–502, 577–578, 630–631, 688, 712–713, 724, 733, 738–739, 767, 776–780

influence of gravitation on measurement of

(see Clock; Measuring rod)

invariant interval in

(see Invariant space-time interval)

paradox in spherical,

8:897–898

physical meaning of measurements in,

4:36–39

Space-time continuum,

6:288–292, 527–528; 7:40, 535, 537, 540–541, 573n

curvature of

(see Riemann scalar and tensor)

Galilean

(see Galilean space-time)

of general relativity,

6:122–123, 289–292, 303–304, 418, 487–489, 532–533, 547–548; 7:278, 317–320, 412

homogeneity of,

7:257

Minkowski’s,

6:461–463, 506–507; 7:xxv–xxvi, 26n–27n, 42n, 76n, 102, 261–264, 371n, 432, 524;

and Euclidean space,

374, 408

of special relativity,

6:284, 485–487, 532; 7:260, 519, 525, 549–550

Sparmann, Edmund,

7:195n

Spartacists, Germany,

7:124n, 282n; 8:947n, 965n; 10:183

Spartacus League,

9:5n;

uprising,

9:4n

Spatial order, in atomistic and macroscopic dimensions,

8:30

Spatio-temporal character of coordinates,

8:348

Spatio-temporal coincidences.

See Point coincidence argument

Special courses for foreign students, AE and Landau’s petition for,

9:433–434, 466

Special relativity.

See Relativity, special theory of

Specific heat,

1:210n, 280; 2:125–126. 3:xxii–xxvi, 7, 242n, 403, 413, 457, 475, 476n, 521–543, 544n–548n, 550–561, 562n; 6:31, 255, 364; 8:41

at absolute zero,

8:65n

AE on,

1:236, 279, 287

AE’s formula for,

3:500, 524–525

AE’s proposed experiments on, in metals,

1:238, 283

and black-body radiation,

3:521–530

and chemical bonds,

3:528

at constant volume,

3:500

contribution of rotational motion to,

4:270–273, 275–284

of diatomic molecules,

3:216, 245n; 5:267; 10:12n

discontinuity of,

3:223

and elasticity,

3:409–413, 413n–414n, 420, 421n

Eucken’s measurements of,

4:270–273, 278–279, 553n

of gases at constant volume,

1:83–86

graphs of,

3:xxii, 476n, 525

of hydrogen

(see Hydrogen: specific heat of)

of hydrogen and helium,

8:20n, 42n

of isotopic mixtures,

8:126

at low temperatures,

3:xxii, 6, 422, 500, 513–514; 4:270–271, 276–280, 533, 555, 563; 10:499

measurement of,

1:96–100; 8:272–273

of monatomic molecules,

3:182, 409, 521

Nernst’s and Lindemann’s double-quantum theory of, AE on,

5:302

Nernst’s work on,

6:370n

of one-atomic gas,

4:526, 533

of polyatomic molecules,

3:216, 221, 245n

and radiation,

3:464

of rotating dipole, AE’s and Fokker’s calculation of,

5:579

of solid bodies

(see Solid bodies, specific heat of)

temperature dependence of,

3:xxv, 460 (see also Nernst-Lindemann equation)

of transparent bodies,

3:422

Specific heat, quantum theory of,

1:236

AE’s,

3:524, 544n; 6:370n

experimental confirmation of,

5:232, 233n, 245, 262, 295

Fischer’s praise for,

5:259

modification of,

5:295

Nernst’s experiments on,

5:259, 262

of solid bodies,

2:xx, 379–389

use of damped oscillators in,

5:360n

Born’s work on,

5:480

Debye’s work on,

5:480, 505

frequencies of atomic vibrations in, AE on,

5:302

Von Kármán’s work on,

5:480

Specific inductivity,

3:511n

Spectra, absorption,

1:279–280

Spectral lines,

3:xxix, 493, 497n, 500; 8:217n

AE on,

5:33

anomalies of,

8:913

Bohr’s theory of,

8:326, 463, 783, 862, 913

damping of,

8:175

fine structure of,

8:260

identifiability of,

8:358, 413, 467

origin of, AE’s views on,

5:37

redshift of

(see Gravitational redshift)

Rubinowicz’ theory of,

8:783

sharpness of,

7:392

shift of, in binary stars,

7:467–468

solar

(see Doppler effect: solar spectral lines; Sun: spectral lines of)

Spectral properties of matter.

See Matter: spectral properties of

Speculation vs. empirical knowledge,

8:864–865, 870–871

Spee, Antonius Count von (1873–1948),

8:745

Speed of light.

See Light, speed of

Speiser, Andreas (1885–1970),

9:383n

Spengler, Oswald (1880–1936),

9:521; 10:431

book by, AE on,

9:387–388

Sperry Gyroscope Company,

8:838n;

AE’s expert opinion on dispute between Anschütz & Co. and,

6:137–143, 143n, 146;

supplementary,

6:144n, 207–210

Spheres,

3:331, 346

in dielectrics,

3:346

electrostatic interaction between two,

3:336–338

hollow,

3:330

rigid,

3:559

Stokes’s law for rotating,

3:228, 246n

suspended,

2:187–198, 229, 498

Spherical functions,

1:262

Spherometer,

1:75

Spinoza, Benedictus de (Baruch) (1632–1677),

2:xxv; 6:278; 10:xl, 390

AE reads Ethics of,

8:167; 10:96

AE visits house of,

10:604c

on freedom, Besso on,

10:177

Spiral,

3:55, 196

Spiral nebulae,

10:501

Splügen, pass on Swiss-Italian frontier,

1:xxxvii, 297, 302, 376

Spoerri, Theophil (1890–1974),

8:339

Springer, Ferdinand (1881–1965),

4:564n; 5:258n; 8:757

Springer publishing house.

See Publishers

Springs,

3:124–125

St. John, Charles (1857–1935),

5:355, 356n; 6:514; 7:349n, 410n, 575n; 8:880n, 895n; 9:xxxviii–xxxix, xl, 87, 112, 244, 325n, 330, 355, 401, 479, 498; 10:249

St. Matthew Passion by J. S. Bach,

9:503

St. Petersburg, physicists in,

10:376

Stability,

3:105

condition for,

2:96n, 215

thermal,

2:105

thermodynamical

(see Equilibrium: dynamic)

See also Equilibrium

Stab-in-the-back legend,

9:583n

Stadler, August (1850–1910),

1:46, 49, 318, 364–365

Stahel-Baumann, Lydia,

10:104;

as prospective host for Eduard Einstein in Arosa,

103, 109, 113, 126

Stähli, E., lecture by,

5:620c

Star clusters, globular,

7:xxviii, 421–423, 580–584; 10:xlix, 501n, 525

density of,

7:424n–425n, 580–581, 584; 9:336; 10:525–527

Stark, Johannes (1874–1957),

1:281n; 3:162, 175n, 499–500, 504n; 4:110, 173n; 5:47n, 74n, 76, 78n, 83, 89n, 98n, 145, 145n, 209, 419n; 7:104, 220n, 485; 9:31, 149n–150n, 249n, 366, 367n, 581c; 10:xxxix, 427n–428n

Aachen, appointment in, AE’s congratulations on,

5:167

AE, contact with,

2:8

AE sends reprints to,

5:79

AE’s work, neglect of,

5:84n

and Aryan physics,

7:111

canal rays, work on,

2:402–403, 403n, 444, 548, 552n, 5:47, 47n, 87, 144, 144n, 150, 452n

on electricity in gases,

2:166

Hopf on,

5:417

involvement in anti-relativist activities,

7:107, 113

Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität, editor of,

2:267, 272

on light quanta,

2:269, 583n, 586

localized light quanta, paper on,

5:203n

on mass-energy relation, misattribution of,

2:269, 5:84n

AE on,

5:99, 104

response to AE’s complaint on,

5:103

Meyer, conflict with,

5:418n;

Hopf’s comments on,

417

move from Hannover to Greifswald,

5:76n

Nobel Prize awarded to,

9:308n

offers AE position, AE’s reaction,

5:167

photochemical equivalence

comment on AE’s work on,

5:401n;

AE’s response to,

474, 480

claim concerning discovery of law of,

4:109, 173n;

AE on,

4:109, 172, 293n

photochemistry, paper on,

4:110

Planck, comment on paper by,

5:76

on radiation,

2:145

relativity papers, draws AE’s attention to,

5:76

requests paper by AE on fluorescence,

5:97n, 99n, 104

Sommerfeld, polemic with,

5:232, 233n

state of mind of: AE on,

5:418;

Hopf on,

417

X-ray diffraction, theory of,

5:519n

X-rays, work on,

2:145

Stark effect,

6:562; 7:486n; 8:386n, 783; 9:405

discovery of,

5:588

Epstein on,

9:339

Starke, H., requests KWIP funds for research on high-frequency resonance in iron-containing circuits,

9:557c;

rejected,

561c

Stars,

7:197

binary,

7:467–468

Boltzmann distribution for,

6:542

daytime photography of,

10:380

distance of,

7:421

distribution of,

7:394–395, 422–424n, 580–584

mass of,

6:514–515; 7:423, 425n, 581

size of cluster of,

3:125n

statistics for,

6:360

velocities of,

7:395, 421–422, 424n, 581

in universe,

6:500, 542, 545, 547, 551

and distribution of mass in universe,

8:787

See also Light: deflection of

State distribution

evolution of probability of,

2:544

probabilistic interpretation of,

2:49, 82–83, 89–94, 544

probability of,

2:60, 89–92, 545, 576

stationary,

2:78–81, 88

See also Distribution

State Laboratory of Physics, Hamburg,

7:53n

State variables,

2:78, 335, 351–352, 379, 393, 471, 473, 542

fluctuations of,

2:138–139, 393–396

States

of a system,

3:288

change of

(see Change of state)

complexions corresponding to,

2:353, 544

definition of,

2:96n

and entropy,

3:307, 553

fluctuation of,

3:556

phenomenological,

2:53

probability of,

2:214; 3:287, 289–290, 307, 538, 551–552, 562n

stationary,

2:96n

succession of,

3:551

total,

2:102, 107n–108n

See also Critical state; Microstates

Statics,

3:11, 84;

graphical,

3:5

Statistical arguments,

3:197–201

Statistical laws,

3:261–262, 295

for single systems,

3:201, 262–265

Statistical mechanics,

2:xix 3:120, 260, 271, 422, 465, 510, 523, 559, 562n; 6:39n, 250–252, 366, 375–376, 384, 542–543, 562; 8:237, 285, 300, 561, 735, 815

AE on Mises’s paper on,

9:275–276

AE’s lectures on,

3:xvii, 6–7, 128n, 599–600

AE’s work on,

2:172

applicability of to thermal radiation,

2:138, 146, 543

Boltzmann’s approach to

(see Boltzmann, Ludwig)

classical,

3:xx

consequences of,

2:578

foundations of,

2:139

Statistical physics,

3:285; 4:202

AE’s interest in,

3:7–8, 284–285, 562n

AE’s lectures on kinetic theory of gases and,

3:xvii, 6–7, 10, 179–241, 242n–247n

foundations of,

2:xix, xxviii, 137, 545;

AE and,

41–55, 137–138, 177, 211, 214, 501n; 3:7–8

methods of,

3:506n

probabilities in,

2:52

role of fluctuations in,

2:213

See also Thermodynamics; Kinetic theory of gases

Statistical thermodynamics.

See Thermodynamics: statistical

Statistical values of observations, method for determination of,

4:599–601, 603–607

Statistics,

3:xxviii, 291. See also Gauss’s error law

Statistics, quantum,

2:54. See also Black-body radiation: application of statistical mechanics to

Staudinger, Franz (1859–1921),

9:94

Staudinger, Hermann,

9:12n

Steam,

2:114, 125–126, 326, 329, 430

Steam engine,

2:317, 430

Stefan, Josef (1835–1893),

2:202, 252n; 3:243n; 10:323n

Stefan-Boltzmann law.

See Black-body radiation: Stefan-Boltzmann law for

Stefanini, Annibale (1855–?),

5:16n;

on dissociation,

12

Stefanović, Milana,

5:508n

Steidle, Clara,

8:18n

Steidler, W.,

9:192

Stein am Rhein, Canton of Schaffhausen,

1:316–317, 320n, 376

Steinel, Oskar, on archeology,

10:581c

Steinhardt, Alfred.

See Koch (or Steinhardt), Alfred

Steinhardt, Alice (née Koch) (1893–1975),

1:lvii, 222n, 259; 8:1010; 9:129, 147; 10:169, 234

Steinhardt, S. Ogden (1882?–1965),

8:1020c; 9:129, 147; 10:112, 169, 234

Steinman, D. B.,

9:608c, 612c;

proposes English translation of Einstein 1917a, denied,

10:578c

Steinmann, Georg (1856–1929),

9:72n

Steinmann, Rudolf,

9:149n, 150n

Steissbein, A. Ritter von,

5:34, 223, 522

Stellar aberration.

See Aberration: stellar

Stellar statistics,

6:360

Stellar theory of Eddington,

9:13

Stendal, Sachsen-Anhalt,

10:219

Stenström, Karl (1891–?),

9:217

Stereochemistry,

2:207

Stern, Alfred (1846–1936),

1:216, 246, 296, 297n, 298, 299n; 5:183n, 481n, 515; 8:18n, 55, 56n, 615n; 9:4n; 10:205–207

biography,

1:386–387

congratulates AE on ETH appointment,

5:403

dedication to AE by,

5:636c

makes acquaintance of H. F. Weber,

5:479n

return to Zurich,

5:479

stay in: Frankfurt,

5:403;

Rome,

403

Stern, Antonia (1891–?),

5:183n, 306, 403n, 479, 516n;

pupil of Auer,

479n

Stern, Clara (1862–1933),

1:296, 297n, 387; 5:183n, 403, 433n, 479; 10:206n, 207

invites AE and family,

5:515

Stern, Dora (1882–1979?),

1:296, 297n; 5:306, 403n, 404; 10:207

stay in Berlin,

5:183

tutored by AE,

5:183n

Stern, Emma.

See Darmstadt-Stern, Emma

Stern, Heinrich,

10:589c

Stern, Minna,

8:733n

gift of pears,

8:1029c

helps AE obtaining condensed milk,

8:1021c

Stern, Otto (1888–1969),

3:576; 4:271–272; 5:536n, 540n, 579, 631c; 9:xlix, 75, 388, 390n, 439n, 464, 472n, 571c, 582c; 10:18n, 24n, 336, 516

AE, collaboration with,

8:20n, 42n

AE’s joint paper with,

4:270–273, 275–284, 552n, 553; 5:395n; 541, 563; 6:39n, 146, 261n, 398n

Bohr on,

10:353

dissertation, topic of,

5:535

gas dissociation, paper on,

8:20, 29, 30n

Habilitation petition of

AE’s opinion on,

5:535

approval of,

5:536n

heat theorem of Nernst, discussion with AE on,

8:262–264, 267–268, 272–273, 276

thermal molecular velocities, paper on, Laue on,

10:355

University of Frankfurt

appointed at,

9:460

candidate as Born’s successor at,

10:304, 335, 516;

AE on,

353, 360

vapor pressure and entropy constant, work on,

6:250; 8:38–39

visits AE,

9:142

work of, Haber’s comments on,

5:539

Stern, Toni (1839–1912),

5:404n

death of,

5:479n

illness of,

5:403, 433n, 479

Sterne, Laurence,

8:286, 317n, 324

Steubing, Walter (1885–1965),

9:xlviii, 337, 570c–571c, 575c–577c, 579c, 598c, 608c; 10:588c

requests KWIP funds for research on influence of magnetic field on spectral lines,

9:557c;

granted

560c, 568c

Stevin, Simon (1548–1620),

9:502

Sthamer, Friedrich,

10:xlii;

on rumors about AE leaving Berlin,

596c

Stierlin, Hans,

10:193, 227

Stinnes, Hugo (1870–1924),

10:581c

Stochastic approach,

2:215

Stochastic processes,

2:xvii

Stock, Franz (1868–1939)

declines membership of Kuratorium of KWIP,

8:529

donation for KWIP,

8:513n, 1006c

Stöcker, Helene (1869–1943),

9:xliv, 34n, 43n, 71;

solicits AE’s signature to April1919 appeal,

9:33

Stocker, Jakob (1874–1960),

8:497

Stodola, Aurel (1859–1942),

2:217; 4:586; 5:118n, 218, 398; 8:93, 288n; 9:27; 10:33, 78, 199

Arrhenius, comments on book by,

5:125

attends AE’s lectures at University of Zurich,

5:219n

on Brownian motion,

8:287

on entropy of universe,

5:125

praise for lecture by AE,

5:158

thanks for reprints,

5:118

on union of Bavaria and Austria,

9:92

Stoessel, Johann,

1:239

Stokes, George (1819–1903)

ether theory of,

7:104

theory of aberration of,

7:104, 127–128n, 279n

Stokes-Cunningham law,

10:294

Stokes-Planck ether,

10:241

Stokes’s law of hydrodynamic friction,

2:171, 177–179, 211–213, 221, 345n, 400n, 498; 3:223, 246n, 508n–509n, 567

for rotating spheres,

3:228, 246n

Stokes’s rule for fluorescence,

2:141, 162–163, 165, 168n, 548; 3:249, 457, 580; 4:10, 103n; 5:97n, 195, 280

Stokes’s theorem,

3:6, 353–356; 7:98n, 548

Stoll, Eugen,

9:192

Stoll, Otto (1849–1922),

2:xvi; 5:159n, 190n

Størmer, Carl (1874–1957),

8:158

Straneo, Paolo (1874–1968),

8:77, 91, 92n

Straszewicz, Stephan,

5:243

Strauss, Richard (1864–1929),

9:350n

Strauss, S.,

7:366n

Strength of materials,

1:212, 307

Stress tensor, electromagnetic.

See Energy-momentum tensor: of electromagnetic field

Stress-energy tensor.

See Energy-momentum tensor

Stresses

hydrodynamical,

2:177

internal, nonelectromagnetic,

2:553n

Strikes

in Berlin,

8:629, 964; 9:87n

in Germany,

8:944n; 9:20n, 106

in Zurich,

8:940n, 942n

Strindberg, August (1849–1912)

Das Blaubuch,

9:206

Rausch,

9:142

Traumspiel,

9:142

Stroh, Eugen,

3:581

Strömgren, Elis,

10:580c

Struck, Hermann (1876–1944),

7:229; 9:193, 572c, 581c; 10:xlv

etching of AE,

9:360n, 524n, 592c

portrait of AE,

10:266, 311n, 585c

Structure function.

See Phase space: structure function of

Strutt, John William.

See Rayleigh, John William Strutt (Lord)

Struve, Karl Hermann (1854–1920),

5:581; 8:57n, 261, 606n, 609n, 682, 995c, 999c; 9:275n, 360n, 573c, 593c; 10:595c

character of, AE on,

8:203, 209n, 241, 262

Freundlich

opinion on,

8:216n

on paper on redshift of,

8:257n

on plan of research of,

8:216n

on position for,

8:89, 277

relationship with,

8:258

on work of,

8:216n, 563

on Seeliger’s candidacy as director of Astrophysical Observatory,

8:386n

solar eclipse expedition

opposition to,

5:581n

on retrieval of instruments of,

8:718n;

Studentenvereinigung für künstlerische Kultur an der Universität Berlin,

9:179

Students’ Council,

8:944n

Study, Eduard (1862–1930),

8:895; 9:149, 150n; 10:593c

on AE as positivist,

9:71

on Als-Ob philosophy,

9:43–44

on axiomatics,

9:71

on geometry,

9:52

geometry book by,

8:885–886;

AE on,

877, 890–891; 9:51

meaning of “real,” discussion with AE on,

8:890, 896

on positivists,

9:71–72

relativity: criticizes Schlick’s book on,

8:898;

doubts on,

8:896–897

Stumpf, Carl (1848–1936),

9:127

on chain of physical-psychological causes,

9:261

congratulates AE,

9:579c, 581c

Stumpf, Felix (1885–?),

9:598c; 10:372

Stürgkh, Count Karl von (1859–1916),

5:247n, 284n, 433n, 626c, 630c, 631c; 8:394, 404n

assassinated by Adler,

10:xxxiv, 21n

Stuttgart,

1:li;

AE’s lecture in,

10:xlvi

Suarès, André,

9:323n

Subelectron

AE on,

9:7, 367–368

Norst on,

10:580c

Smekal on,

10:295–296

See also Ehrenhaft, Felix; Electron

Submarine warfare.

See World War I: Germany

Suchtelen, Nicolaas, van (1878–1949), publication by,

8:177n;

AE reads,

176

Suchy, Julius (1879–?),

5:342, 343n

Sudermann, Hermann (1857–1928), co-author of Manifesto of the 93,

9:121

Sulzer, E., role of in AE’s rental dispute,

5:634c

Summation convention,

6:296, 338n, 411;

first occurrence of,

8:249

Summation notation, AE’s,

Sun,

3:xxix, 15, 21–23, 37–38, 137, 496, 497n

deflection of light rays by

(see Gravitational light deflection; Light: deflection of)

magnetic field of, Hale’s discovery of,

5:567

optical phenomena in atmosphere of

AE on Julius’s theory of,

5:313n, 317n, 327, 347, 357

Doppler effect,

5:355

Julius’s theory of,

5:313n, 317n

Zeeman effect,

5:355

See also Dispersion, anomalous: in solar atmosphere

spectral lines of

redshift of

(see Gravitational redshift, solar; Redshift, solar)

shift of, causes of,

5:388

violetshift of,

5:375, 386

spectrum of,

10:295, 372;

gravitational redshift in,

10:248

Sunday Express (London),

7:304n

Sundell, August (1843–1924),

8:370

Superconductivity,

4:273, 553; 8:156, 157n; 10:368, 613

critical magnetic field strength for,

10:521n

discovery of,

5:283n; 10:253n

discussed at “Magnet-Woche,”

10:xlvii

Ehrenfest on ignorance about,

9:504

and Hall effect,

10:xlvii, 337n, 494;

AE on,

519–520

and magnetic fields,

10:368

See also Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike

Superluminal signals.

See Signal velocity: superluminal

Superluminal velocity

AE and Wien on,

5:56–59

AE’s correspondence with Wien on,

5:60–71, 85

compatibility of with Maxwell’s theory,

2:267

in dispersive and absorptive media,

5:57

for deformable electron,

5:57

in electron theory,

5:56

and gravitation,

3:446, 447, 449n

Heaviside on,

5:56

incompatibility of with relativity theory,

2:288, 305, 310n, 424–425, 428n, 443, 445–446

in Maxwell theory,

5:56, 57

nonpropagation of an action with,

2:424–425; 3:165, 175n

for rigid electron,

5:57, 65

signal with,

2:424, 428n

Sommerfeld on,

5:56, 59, 75n, 86n, 89n, 59, 75n, 86n

Wiechert on,

5:57

See also Light, speed of: as maximum speed; Signal velocity: superluminal

Supernatural masses.

See Relativity, general theory of: supernatural masses in

Superposition,

3:100

of forces,

3:318

of radiation components,

6:199, 201–202

of velocities

(see Addition of velocities, law of)

Superposition principle,

2:187, 290, 445, 582; 3:251

Surface of liquid, potential energy of,

2:13

Surface tension,

1:312; 2:10, 20n; 3:402, 407n

Surface tensor/vector,

4:232n

Survival of fittest,

8:918–919

Susa, Italy,

1:lii–liii

Susceptibility,

6:170n, 189n;

magnetic,

10:367

Suspended particles.

See Particles, suspended

Suspensions,

7:342

AE’s determination of volume of through viscosity,

5:217

Bancelin’s experiments on,

5:267n;

discrepancy with AE’s prediction,

218n, 266, 268, 270

distinguished from solutions,

2:209–210, 225

viscosity of, AE’s calculations on,

10:12

See also Brownian motion; Particles, suspended

Sussmann, ?,

9:558c

Sutherland, William (1859–1911),

2:177–178, 213; 3:xxiv, 409–410, 413, 413n–414n, 420, 421n, 476n, 526, 579; 5:279n

on molecular mass,

2:171

semipermeable membranes, hypothesis on,

5:16n;

Besso on,

13–15

Svedberg, The (1884–1971),

2:219–220, 399, 400n, 497, 501n, 558, 559n; 5:218n; 9:299

Brownian motion, work on, AE on,

5:217

solicits article from AE,

9:285, 300

on weekly Forum,

9:285

Swabia.

See Schwaben

Swarzenski, Georg,

9:537n, 611c–612c

Swastikas, displayed at Berlin Philharmonic event,

10:xl

Swedish Academy,

7:220n

Swinne, Richard (1885–1939),

5:281n; 10:19n

on atomistic structure of matter, electricity, and radiation,

5:280

chronergon concept, introduction of,

5:280

Eötvös’s law, comments on AE’s paper on,

5:401

extergon hypothesis,

5:280

hypotheses of, AE on,

5:285

photon, use of term,

5:280

Riga, lecture in,

5:279

Swiss Army,

8:137n. See also Knife

Swiss citizenship, AE’s,

1:lxiv, 239–241, 243; 8:135, 167n, 187, 636n, 759, 763, 871

applications for,

1:242, 245–246

minutes of Zurich Municipal Naturalization Commission,

1:271–272

Municipal Certificate of Residence and Good Conduct (Domizil- & Leumundszeugnis),

1:241

Municipal Police Detective’s Report,

1:246

questionnaire for municipal citizenship applicants,

1:269–270

report of Schweizerisches Informationsbureau,

1:275–276

Swiss Civil Law Code,

8:281n

Swiss Embassy in Berlin,

8:276

Swiss Federal Council,

8:730n, 852n

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.

See ETH

Swiss Federal Insurance Bureau,

8:524n

Swiss Federal Patent Office (Eidgenössisches Amt für geistiges Eigentum),

2:xvi, 111; 8:445n, 497, 610

address of,

5:206n

advertisement of administrative deputy position at,

1:312, 313n

AE and,

3:xv–xviii

AE seeks and applies for position at,

1:291n, 292, 321n, 327, 376

AE’s appointment at,

1:xxxvii, 338–340, 377

AE’s resignation from, procedure for,

5:201n

Besso’s appointment at,

5:41n

Habicht’s possible appointment at,

5:32

Ehrat’s possible appointment at,

5:82

Haller’s directorship of,

5:23n

Oberlin’s appointment at,

5:23n

requirements for position at,

1:336

See also Einstein: Career: Swiss Federal Patent Office; Grossmann, Jules; Grossmann, Marcel; Haller, Friedrich

Swiss Liberal Democratic Party,

10:187n

Swiss Natural Science Society.

See Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft

Swiss school, as healthy environment,

8:406

Swiss School Council,

8:852n;

nominates AE for professorship at ETH,

10:17

Swiss Social Democratic Party,

10:184n

Swiss Telegraph Administration,

10:15. See also Chavan, Lucien: Swiss Telegraph Administration

Swiss Trade Union Federation,

8:942n; 10:184n

Switzerland,

8:56, 103n, 144, 150, 165–166, 166n, 167, 174, 199, 330, 338, 479, 484–485, 719, 738n

AE’s trips to,

10:xxxi;

in 1919,

xxxvi;

in April 1916,

xxxii

as asylum for war dissenters,

8:572

coal shortage in,

10:138, 140, 141n;

predicted,

8:581; 10:118

debate over constitution in,

9:189

economic situation in,

8:408, 410; 10:57

fear of Bolshevism in, AE on,

9:306

food supply in,

10:106, 138, 149n;

AE on,

98

general strike in,

10:xxxv, 182–187

Haber on,

9:125

humanitarian relief efforts of,

7:334n

influenza in,

8:851, 884, 911; 10:181, 187

insularity of, AE on,

9:93

lack of young physicists in,

8:148

as model of ideal state,

8:399

as political model for South Germany,

8:958

proportional election introduced in,

10:187

rationing in,

8:411n, 730n, 735n

relief efforts in,

9:205n

riots in,

9:79

social problems in,

8:941

strike in,

8:942n

support for Swiss nationals abroad,

8:409n

Swiss politicians for separate peace between Germany and Russia,

10:184n

Symmetry,

2:xvii, 188, 196, 253, 261–263, 276, 294, 440–442, 477, 569; 3:20, 24, 149, 157, 194, 256, 337, 451, 512, 565

Symmetry arguments,

1:5

Synchronization,

3:442

between systems in relative motion,

3:433–434

within one system,

3:432

See also Clock

Syria,

9:197n

Syrian Protestant College, Beirut,

9:213n

System

accelerated,

3:xxviii (see also Acceleration)

adiabatically influenced,

2:86, 95n

center of gravity of,

3:78

closed,

2:255, 267, 410, 462

complete, and conservation laws,

3:393

ergodic

(see Ergodic system)

holonomic,

3:90

inertial

(see Inertial system; Frame of reference: inertial)

isolated,

2:77, 85

mechanical,

2:48, 75n, 95n

moving

(see Moving system)

physical,

2:52, 77–78, 95n

state of,

3:288

statistical laws for single,

3:201, 204, 262–265

temperature of

(see Temperature: of moving system)

thermodynamic and statistical properties of,

3:291

Szarvassi, Arthur,

2:560–561, 562n;

lecture by,

5:623–624

Szilard, Leo (1898–1964),

2:206

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

T

Tag, Der,

7:108

Tägliche Rundschau,

7:106; 10:xxxviii

Tagore, Rabindranath (1861–1941),

10:417;

on nationalism,

9:237, 322

Talmey, Bernard,

1:lxii

Talmey, Max (1869–1941),

1:lxi, lxii, 5, 371; 10:571c

Tammann, Gustav (1861–1938),

5:16n, 401; 10:12, 13n

on dissociation,

5:13

on isomery of mixed crystals,

10:499

Tandler, Julius (1869–1936),

10:423

Tank, Franz (1890–1981),

8:331n, 853; 9:382, 405; 10:284n, 298n

Tanner, Hans (1886–1961),

3:3, 10; 5:243, 290, 291n, 507n; 8:173n, 446, 998c, 1020c

awarded doctorate,

5:334n

dissertation, of,

5:293n

AE on publication of,

5:455

AE’s approval of,

5:334

AE’s suggestions to improve,

5:292

supervised by Hagenbach,

5:293n

topic of,

5:334n

invited to Prague as AE’s Assistent,

5:291n

as prospective educator of Hans Albert Einstein,

10:81

recommendations for,

8:99 5c, 999c, 1013c

University of Basel: appointed Assistent at,

5:292;

leaves,

506

Tänzer, Aron,

1:xlviii, xlix, l

Tarasp, drinking cure for AE in,

10:70, 91, 103

postponed,

10:108

recommended,

10:100, 102

Tassel, Émile,

9:54; 10:304n

Täubler, Eugen (1879–1953),

9:169n, 434n

Taylor expansion,

3:292, 294, 311n

Taylor’s theorem,

2:187; 7:503

Technical Museum for Industry and Commerce (Vienna).

See Technologisches Gewerbemuseum

Technical University of Aachen,

8:9

Technical University of Berlin,

7:357n, 448n; 8:17, 141n, 368n, 601n, 709n, 823n

Technical University of Breslau,

7:80n

Technical University of Danzig,

7:146n

Technical University of Delft,

8:961n

Technical University of Dresden,

8:695, 696n

Technical University of Helsingfors,

8:370n, 371n, 619n

Technical University of Munich,

8:815n

Technical University of Stockholm,

8:370n

Technical University of Tsingtao (German),

8:909n

Technical University of Vienna,

8:483n, 597, 597n

Technikum Burgdorf, Canton of Bern,

8:4n

AE applies for position at,

1:307, 309, 311, 376,

rejected,

313

Technikum Winterthur,

1:xxxvii, 291, 294, 296, 310, 376

AE consults Grossmann on application at,

5:84

AE teaches at,

5:34n

construction at,

5:89

explosion at,

5:90n

possible vacancy at, Gasser on,

5:90

work of laboratory steward at,

5:90n

Technion, Haifa,

9:153n

Technische Nothilfe, Haber on,

10:450–451

Technische Versuchsanstalt (Austrian Technical Testing Bureau),

7:337n

Technologisches Gewerbemuseum (Technical Museum for Industry and Commerce, Vienna),

7:337n

Technology

AE on rapid development of,

10:26

institutes of, proposed administrative unification with universities,

7:337n

Teddy.

See Einstein, Eduard

Telefunken, legal dispute with Erich F. Huth Co.,

7:365–366

Telefunken-Gesellschaft,

8:342n, 549n

Teleky, Pál Count (1879–1941),

10:489

Telle, Margarethe,

8:343, 344n

Temperature,

1:63–73, 194–200, 283; 2:49–50, 96n, 100, 241, 558, 559n; 3:121, 181, 194, 208–209, 212, 242n, 477n, 503, 521

absolute,

2:68, 83–85, 103, 121, 226, 243, 399; 3:213–214, 306, 521, 544n, 545n; 4:561

absolute zero,

2:24; 3:xxii

AE on,

5:10

concept of,

3:503

critical,

3:287, 402, 407n

definability of,

2:119

definition of,

4:154, 155, 525

dependence on, of specific heat,

3:xxv, 460

equilibrium,

3:314, 522

in gravitational field,

4:155

field,

6:524

fluctuations of,

3:454, 535–536, 558

high,

2:572; 3:503

inaccessibility of zero temperature,

4:556–557 (see also Heat theorem of Nernst)

influence of on spectral lines,

3:493

jump, in dilute gas,

6:577, 579n

of macroscopic system,

6:251, 253

and mean energy,

3:523–524, 531

of melting,

3:xxiv

of moving system,

2:473–475

observable measure of,

2:96n (see also Thermometer)

of radiation,

3:541, 547n

relativistic transformation,

2:473–475, 487n

Tension

and condensers,

3:382

electrostatic,

3:339

increase in,

3:339

unit of,

3:366

Tensor,

4:70, 106n, 195, 296; 6:78–82, 295; 7:154

algebraic operations on,

4:73–78, 326–328

antisymmetric,

7:154, 157, 509, 511, 546–548 (see also Six-vector)

antisymmetric fundamental,

6:85, 217, 245

components of energy-momentum

(see Gravitational field: energy-momentum components (pseudotensor) of)

contraction of,

6:299–300, 313; 7:159, 508, 542, 549

contravariant,

6:80, 93, 297; 7:542;

definition of,

4:327

covariant,

6:78–80, 90–93, 297–298; 7:542

definition of,

4:327

differentiation of,

7:158, 452, 456n, 545–547

definition of,

7:507; 8:348–349

density,

7:66, 546, 574n (see also Tensor, V(olume)-)

determinant of,

7:151–152, 155

differential,

4:336–337

differential operations on,

4:79–80, 328–332 (see also Beltrami’s first and second operators; Laplace operator)

discriminant of,

4:333–334

divergence of,

6:58, 90, 93–94, 95, 217–218, 313–314; 7:132, 139n

dual, definition of,

4:335

electromagnetic field,

4:81, 519n

energy-momentum

(see Energy-momentum tensor)

“Ergänzung,”

6:305

“Erweiterung,”

6:90–93, 96, 217, 308–310, 313

formation of, by differentiation,

6:89–97, 111, 307–310, 314

fundamental

(see Metric tensor)

inner product,

6:55, 58, 82, 300–301

mixed,

6:9, 80, 95, 298, 299–300;

definition of,

4:327

mixed fundamental,

6:83, 256, 302

mixed product,

6:82, 300–301, 312

“November,”

7:574n

outer product,

6:55, 81–82, 299

of rank n,

4:71

reciprocal,

6:86

special,

4:332–335

stress-energy

(see Energy-momentum tensor)

symmetric,

4:71; 7:154, 157, 509, 513

V(olume)-,

6:96–97, 106, 129n, 216, 218, 220, 266, 267

“Verjüngung” of

(see Tensor, contraction of)

weight of, introduction of,

8:711n

See also Einstein tensor; Gravitation tensor; Levi-Civita tensor; Maxwell field tensor; Metric tensor; Point tensor/vector; Ricci tensor; Riemann tensor; Surface tensor/vector; Weyl tensor

Tensor calculus,

4:65–80

Besso on,

10:540

See also Differential calculus, absolute

Terwin, Johanna (1884–1962), expresses sympathy for AE,

10:392–393

Tete.

See Einstein, Eduard

Tetrode, Hugo (1895–1931), theory for entropy constant of,

6:261n; 8:39n, 186n, 192, 263n

AE on,

6:250–261; 8:244, 247

Teubner publishing house.

See Publishers

Teucher, Emil Konrad (1877–1948),

1:197n; 2:135

notes on H. F. Weber’s physics lectures,

1:62, 63, 73n, 101n, 178n, 189n

differences with AE’s notes,

1:137n, 138n, 141n, 147n, 148n, 164n

Teweles, Heinrich (1856–1927),

9:323

Teyler’s Foundation,

8:84n, 176n, 298, 299, 299n, 340n

Physics Laboratory of,

7:201n;

AE visits,

8:340, 10:52

Lorentz’s appointment at,

5:411n

Thalwil (Thalweil), Canton of Zurich,

1:299

Theodosianum,

8:320n, 351n, 374n

Theoretical physics.

See Physics: theoretical

Theory,

3:xxvi, 141, 550

axiomatic

(see Method: axiomatic)

complete,

3:288

constructive

(see Constructive theory)

conventionality of

(see Conventionalism)

disagreement between experiment and,

3:140, 532, 544n

evaluation of,

8:707

and experience,

3:325, 397n, 512, 515, 529; 7:xxxv–xxxvii, 57, 59n, 79, 219, 352; 8:864–865, 870–871 (see also Concept and experience)

falsification of,

7:219–220n

of invariants,

7:412–413

physical content of,

7:250–253

of principle

(see Theory of principle)

simplicity of,

7:xxxiv–xxxvi, 57, 369, 371n

truth of,

7:xxxvi, 219–220n

underdetermination of,

7:xxxvi, 57, 219–220n, 404n

unity of,

7:xxxiv–xxxvi

See also Hypothesis

Theory of gravitation.

See De Donder, Théophile: gravitation theory of; Newtonian theory of gravitation; Nordström’s theory of gravitation; Abraham, Max: gravitation theory of; Kottler, Friedrich: gravitation theory of

Theory of heat.

See Heat: theory of

Theory of principle,

2:xi–xxii, xxix, 45, 257; 5:89n; 7:xxxv, 119, 206–207, 210n, 213, 371n, 378n; 10:120. See also Axioms; Constructive theory; Principles: of physics

Theory of radiation.

See Radiation theory

Theory of relativity.

See Relativity, theory of

Thermal agitation,

3:513

Thermal conductivity,

1:63–70, 73–79, 194, 235, 305n; 2:174; 3:xxvi, 471, 475, 477n, 511, 514, 567

coefficient of,

1:190;

determination of,

103–105;

evaluation by AE of,

265, 292;3:472

of insulators,

3:473, 514

relationship to electric conductivity in pure metals,

1:194

H. F. Weber’s research on,

1:235

See also Heat conduction

Thermal processes,

1:106–120;

statistical properties of,

3:532–533

Thermal radiation.

See Black-body radiation

Thermodynamic theory,

3:xxi

Thermodynamics,

1:63–147; 3:xxix, 128n, 251, 287, 291, 508, 552; 4:115–121, 192, 202, 166–169, 185, 287–292, 532, 555–559, 561–563; 6:30–38, 67n, 251, 252, 255, 260, 261n, 366, 375–376, 385, 577; 7:219

AE’s lectures on,

3:xvii, 3, 593, 598–599

AE’s use of,

2:xxi–xxii, 47

AE’s work on statistical foundations of,

1:266, 316n, 337

applicability of,

8:263

classical,

2:xvii, 209, 218, 224, 317, 335

compared to relativity theory,

10:120

corresponding states in

(see Corresponding states: law of)

development of,

3:285

equations of,

2:241

first law of,

2:10, 41, 48, 58, 562n (see also Energy, law of conservation of)

and fluctuations,

3:311n

foundations of,

2:45, 47, 77–94, 119, 121, 177, 226, 246

gap in

(see Gap in foundations of thermodynamics)

of gases,

1:94–96

Gibbs’s approach to,

2:52

graphical,

2:113

and gravitation,

4:124, 154–156

and heat conductivity,

10:54

heat of evaporation in,

10:18

improper thermodynamic equilibrium,

4:109, 113, 115–121, 166–169, 289

independent variables in,

2:319n

and kinetic gas theory,

7:206, 213; 10:54

laws of,

2:xxi

limitations of,

2:416; 3:422, 423n

macroscopic,

2:54

Maxwell relations in,

1:120; 2:241n

and mechanical equivalent of heat,

10:62

of mixtures,

10:484

Nernst’s heat theorem in

(see Heat theorem of Nernst)

and perpetuum mobile,

10:120

phenomenological,

2:217

principles of from mechanics,

3:423n

processes in,

2:8

proper thermodynamic equilibrium,

4:288

and properties of radiation,

10:5

relativistic,

2:273, 473–475

second law of

(see Thermodynamics, second law of)

and specific heat of hydrogen,

10:443

statistical,

2:54, 206; 3:xxvii, 285

third law of,

2:241n (see also Heat theorem of Nernst)

and work,

3:293

Thermodynamics, second law of,

1:119–120, 134–138; 7:369, 374, 408;2:xxii, xxvi, 8, 224, 411; 3:213, 445, 539; 4:118, 613, 621n; 10:15, 54, 120n, 499

AE’s derivation of,

5:10, 17

and Brownian motion,

2:211

derivation of,

2:41, 48, 49–50, 53, 57, 89, 94, 95n–96n, 99, 100–102, 121, 555

and irreversibility,

2:543

Kelvin’s formulation of,

2:246n, 249

for reversible processes,

2:23–24

statistical interpretation of,

2:8, 52, 53, 69–72, 91, 96n–97n, 379

for systems at equilibrium,

2:57

for systems not at equilibrium,

2:116, 117n, 555

validity of,

2:xix, xxix, 8, 40n, 46, 57, 73, 177

See also Carnot principle

Thermoelectric effect,

3:574

Thermoelectricity,

1:xl, 235–237, 238, 303, 324n; 2:174, 355

Thermoelement,

1:224, 238

Thimig, Helene (1889–1974),

10:392–393

Thirring, Gretl (1897–?),

9:211n

Thirring, Hans (1888–1976),

4:6; 7:101, 565, 576n; 8:325n, 480; 9:xlix, 75, 250, 252, 399; 10:296, 322, 323n

AE on,

9:298

and anti-relativists,

7:111

Austrian Army, serves in,

8:559n

rotating hollow sphere, discussion with AE on: centrifugal and Coriolis fields in,

8:558, 566;

metric of,

481–483, 500

congratulates AE,

9:21

energy-momentum conservation in general relativity, discussion with AE on,

8:559, 564–566

nominated for membership of DPG,

8:1023c

opposes Ehrenhaft as Exner’s successor,

10:580c

research on crystals of,

9:210

University of Hamburg, candidate for chair at,

10:613c;

AE on,

547

Thirring, Margarethe (1897–1987),

8:566n

Thoma, Hans,

9:350n

Thoms, Hermann (1859–1931), invites AE to lecture at German Pharmacological Society,

10:589c;

declined,

598c

Thomsen-Berthelot rule,

2:129, 130n

Thomson, Joseph J. (1856–1940),

1:237; 2:142; 5:287, 287n, 300, 301n; 8:706; 9:33n

lecture on theories of atomic structure,

4:552n

radiation theory of

AE’s planned paper on,

5:257

Laue’s criticism of paper on,

5:73

Solvay Congress, Third, invited to,

10:303

Wien’s radiation law, derivation of,

5:74n

Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin) (1824–1907),

1:156, 258n; 2:4, 20n, 129, 246, 246n, 249, 492n; 3:397n

formulation of second law of thermodynamics,

2:246n, 249

induction machine of (replenisher),

5:52

Thomson effect,

1:236, 258; 3:234, 246n

Thomson’s balance,

3:366, 398n

Thomson’s multiplier,

3:340–341, 398n

Thought experiments,

3:257n, 479, 484n; 7:113, 354–355

on energy-mass equivalence,

3:489–491

Thovert, ?,

2:347

Thread, four-dimensional,

4:95, 96; 6:101, 102

Three-body problem,

6:359, 566

Thun-Hohenstein, Franz von (1847–1916),

5:273, 273n

Thurgau Kantonsschule, Frauenfeld,

1:250n, 260, 315

Thüringen,

10:115, 119, 124, 130–132

Till Eulenspiegel,

8:831

Time,

3:11

absolute,

3:447; 4:543;

universal,

2:253, 485n

absolute and relative,

6:279–280, 446, 462, 528; 7:5, 516, 535

accumulation of,

3:500, 504n

Bergson on,

8:491

concept of,

2:261, 264, 277–280, 435, 437, 439, 478, 570; 3:431, 441; 7:3, 501

coordinate, imaginary,

6:97, 124, 125, 223, 348, 462, 487, 506, 507; 7:262–263, 375, 408

definition of,

3:148–149, 151–152, 432, 493

in general relativity,

6:490–491

in special relativity,

7:5

delay,

3:504n, 541, 547n

dependence of on velocity,

3:441

dilation

(see Time dilation)

as fourth dimension, Fechner on,

9:556c

direction of,

10:54

homogeneity of,

2:440

interval,

2:265, 307n–308n

light-second as unit of,

6:103, 126

local,

2:308n, 435, 478–479, 483, 485n, 487n; 4:141

meaning of, in physics,

6:438–440

measurement of,

3:18, 146–147, 161, 163, 431;

with light,

441; 6:48, 101, 289–291, 292–294, 404, 418, 440, 442, 462, 478–479, 484–485, 512–513, 530; 541–542; 7:197–198n

(see also Clock)

nonexistence of,

9:554c

objective concept of,

6:520–522

proper,

6:76, 89, 125, 240

in relation to a coordinate system,

3:432

relativity of,

2:280–282, 435–439; 4:542–544; 8:526

and space,

3:147–148, 431, 438;

homogeneity of,

157, 166; 8:631, 651

transformation equations for,

2:282–287, 440–442

in uniformly accelerated reference frame,

2:476–480

universal,

8:526, 528, 536–537

See also Clock; Conventions; Measurement; Space-time; Space and time

Time average,

2:52, 78–79, 138, 150, 343–344, 400, 544–545; 3:303

equality with ensemble average

(see Ergodic hypothesis)

Time dilation,

2:288–289, 403, 478, 507; 3:436, 491–494; 4:45, 46, 545; 6:53, 290, 449, 479, 513; 7:121n, 257, 523, 604

AE and Guillaume on,

9:379, 418–419, 430–432

experimental test of by transverse Doppler effect,

9:356

gravitational,

7:558, 619 (see also Clock: behavior of, in gravitational field)

in rotating frame of reference,

9:116, 137, 140n

Time evolution.

See Change of state

Time-like curve, closed,

8:335, 375

Time-like interval,

4:594, 595. See also Invariant space-time interval

Times (London),

7:xxx, 210n-211n, 215n

AE’s article in,

9:256, 286

and wartime propaganda,

9:256

Ting, W. S., invites AE to lecture at University of Peking,

10:598c

Tinguely, Arthur (1893–1977),

5:202n

Tinguely, Paul (1864–1932), neighbor of AE at Aegertenstrasse,

3:576; 5:202n

Titlis, peak on the border between the cantons of Uri and Bern,

1:250

“To the Civilized World.”

See Appeal: “An die Kulturwelt”

Tobler, Gustav (1855–1921),

5:48n, 97n, 106n

Tobler, Josephine (1879–1959),

9:92, 93n, 118n, 130n, 131, 138, 147, 171, 219, 289, 573c, 582c; 10:196n, 216, 230

Einstein, Pauline

accompanies to Berlin,

9:303, 339, 592c

discusses condition of with Zangger,

10:218

proposes moving to Berlin,

10:218

Toepfer Co.,

8:470

Toggenburg, region in Canton of St. Gallen,

1:51

Toller, Ernst (1893–1939),

9:323n

and Bavarian Soviet,

9:344n

and Bund “Neues Vaterland,”

9:344n

Tolman, Richard (1881–1948), principle of similitude of,

8:165

Tolstoy, Leo (1828–1910),

8:154, 193; 9:415; 10:56

Tönnies, Ferdinand (1855–1936),

9:94

Top.

See Gyroscope

Töplitz, Otto (1881–1940), on anti-Semitism at University of Kiel,

9:230

Torque,

3:81, 113, 128n

on gyroscope,

6:137, 155, 208, 209, 210, 231

on magnetized body,

6:147, 154–160, 162, 163–164, 165, 170n, 174, 175, 176, 182, 183, 191, 192, 195, 271, 274

Torricelli, Evangelista (1608–1647),

6:400

Torsion,

3:84, 126n

Torus, motion on,

3:196–197, 244n

Tosa River, Italy,

10:171n

Tower telescope,

9:603c, 604c, 614c, 616c; 10:xlix, 571c, 577c, 582c

under construction,

10:372

permission to build,

10:571c

spectrograph for, state fund for,

10:601c

Train, physical processes in,

6:4, 418, 430–431, 432, 434–435, 436, 440–445, 464–466

Train service, passenger, discontinuation of in Germany,

9:281

Trajectory

of periodic mechanical system,

6:558, 559–566

in phase space,

3:195–201, 244n

Transformation,

3:36

acceleration,

4:132–134, 148, 160, 185, 195, 227n, 295, 301, 493; 6:8, 111, 287, 405, 406, 407, 474, 529, 530; 8:16

of amplitude of electromagnetic wave,

4:55–56

conformal,

7:xxvii, 414

of Bateman,

8:436, 570n

canonical,

8:375, 376–379

Euclidean,

7:261–262

Galilean

(see Galilean transformation)

homogeneous,

4:40, 65; 6:50, 89

infinitesimal,

4:196, 218n, 222–224, 227, 228, 230n, 257; 6:12, 113, 115, 343, 344, 413

invariance under relativistic,

3:447

justified,

6:13; 8:41n, 84n, 97n, 163, 164n

linear,

4:40, 65, 207, 294, 296, 300, 309, 313, 319, 476, 483, 496, 568, 574, 575, 580; 6:7, 10, 50, 51–52, 74, 83, 90, 110–114, 117, 118, 120, 124, 129n, 130n, 215–216, 222, 236, 285, 295, 344, 348, 413; 7:504, 506–507, 543

linear orthogonal,

4:307, 323, 488, 489, 493, 573, 589

Lorentz

(see Lorentz transformation)

orthogonal,

4:206n

permissible,

7:375, 408

by reciprocal radii,

8:436, 570

rotational,

4:65–68, 185, 195, 211, 212n, 227n, 229n, 258n, 301, 369n, 373n, 445n, 548

of tensor,

70; 6:18n, 63, 74, 111, 223, 224n, 289, 355, 473, 477, 512–513; 7:521–522

similarity,

4:595

of space-time,

3:434–436, 442, 447

of time, equations for,

3:162

unimodular,

4:196, 198, 209n, 239n, 242n, 254n, 256n; 6:216, 218, 219, 220, 223, 228, 234, 235, 245, 304, 328

Transformation equations

for charge densities and currents,

2:258, 507

for electric and magnetic field components,

2:292–295, 296, 301, 411, 417, 420, 449–450, 507, 509–517, 537–540

for entropy,

2:473–475

for equations of motion,

2:303

inverse,

2:287, 294, 441

for light wave,

2:298–302

for momentum and energy,

2:466–469

for radiation pressure,

2:298–300, 475

for space and time coordinates,

2:282–287, 296, 411, 434, 440–442, 510, 570

for temperature,

2:473–475, 487n

for volume and pressure,

2:466–472, 487n

Transformer,

3:378–379

Translation,

2:416, 463

kinematics of parallel,

2:412n

and laws of nature,

3:425

uniform,

3:143, 157, 161, 167

uniform, relative to ether,

3:138–139

See also Motion: uniform

Transport coefficients,

2:252n;

Maxwell-Kirchhoff method of calculating,

251, 252n

Transport phenomena.

See Diffusion; Heat conduction; Thermal conductivity; Viscosity

Transverse Doppler effect.

See Doppler effect: transverse

Treaty of Versailles.

See Versailles Peace Treaty

Tree of Knowledge

AE on,

9:143, 200, 230

Hedwig Born on,

9:143, 200, 206, 230

Treitschke, Heinrich von (1834–1896),

7:216–217n; 8:341, 342n, 429, 505

AE on,

8:959

AE reads works of,

10:56

Trendelenburg, Ernst (1882–1945),

8:527, 593, 876; 9:157n

Trendelenburg, Friedrich,

8:714, 722, 1015c, 1031c

Trennungssatz.

See Separability principle

Treumann, Anna,

9:606c

Triggering hypothesis.

See Photoelectric effect: triggering hypothesis for

Trinity College, Cambridge,

9:370

Triple Alliance,

8:125n, 130

Tristram Shandy,

8:317n, 325n

Trkal, Viktor (1888–1956),

6:261n; 9:470

Troeltsch, Ernst (1865–1923),

7:10n; 8:737, 747, 775n, 837n; 9:350n; 10:481n

for alliance of intellectuals,

8:629, 636n

change in political stance of,

8:746

Delbrück-Dernburg petition, signs,

8:637n

Manifesto of reconciliation, co-authors,

8:636n

Manifesto of the 93, against,

8:637n

University of Leyden, lectures at,

9:415

Vereinigung Gleichgesinnter, expresses sympathy for,

8:636

Volksbund für Freiheit und Vaterland, address to,

8:629, 747n

Trott zu Solz, August von (1855–1938),

5:514n, 570n

Trouton’s rule,

3:402, 407n

Trowbridge, Augustus (1870–1934),

10:494, 496

on AE invitations to U.S.,

10:493, 612c

on AE’s financial demands for U.S. lecture tour,

10:524n

Troy (Ancient),

10:171n

Trützschler-Falkenstein, Curt von, open letter from Rathenau,

8:451

Tschocke, F.,

3:576

Tschuppik, Walter (1889–1955),

9:597c

Tübingen, University of.

See University of Tübingen

Tuchschmid, August (1855–1939),

1:11, 23, 32n, 360, 361

Tumlirz, Ottokar,

2:114, 114n, 126n

Turgenev, Ivan S.,

9:415

Turin,

1:liii

Turkey.

See World War I

Turner, Herbert,

9:320n, 370n

Turnip winter,

8:409n

Twain, Mark (1835–1910),

8:890;

book for Eduard Einstein by,

10:464

Twardy, ?,

9:195n

Twin paradox.

See Clock paradox

Tyndall phenomenon,

3:287, 310n

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

U

Uhland, Ludwig (1787–1862),

1:255n

Újvidék.

See Novi Sad

Ukrainian Academy of Sciences,

9:152, 181n

Ulinski, Franz (1890–1974), and energy supply for spacecraft,

9:516

Ullstein publishing house.

See Publishers

Ulm (Germany),

1:xxxvi, xlviii n, 1, 54, 370; 9:607c

AE on,

5:557

AE’s visit to relatives in,

5:556n

building program in for socially and economically disadvantaged,

9:490

Ultramicroscope,

2:209–210, 218, 219, 224, 338, 344n, 345n, 559n

Ultraviolet catastrophe.

See Rayleigh-Jeans catastrophe

Ultraviolet light.

See Light, ultraviolet; Photoelectric effect

Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands,

7:124n

“Un Appel, Fière Declaration d’Intellectuels.”

See Appeal

Ungewitter, Johannes,

1:348

Unification of disparate physical phenomena,

1:xl, 290–291

Unification of physics.

See Physics: unification of

Unification of theories of electromagnetism and optics,

3:136

Unified field theory,

2:xxvii, 553n; 7:xxvii, xxxiii, 62n, 319, 323n, 377, 409, 562, 575n; 8:201, 804, 824, 878, 893

AE on limits of continuum description of reality,

10:592c

AE’s work on,

8:199, 670; 9:l–li

five-dimensional approach of

(see Five-dimensional theory)

of gravitation and electromagnetism,

10:62

as opposed to dualistic theory,

9:76

overdetermination in, AE on,

10:495

of Weyl

(see Weyl’s unified field theory)

Weyl on in Bad Nauheim,

10:305

Unified index theory, Rosenkranz’s,

11:435

Union of Bavaria and Austria,

9:92

Unipolar dynamo,

2:295, 451

Unipolar induction,

2:309n

Unit charge, structure of,

8:139–141

United States,

9:117

AE visits,

7:585n, 620–627, 629–630

humanitarian relief efforts,

7:471n

Nautical Almanac Office,

8:218n

patriotism in, AE on,

7:630

and possible future war with Japan,

9:236

relief aid of

to Germany,

9:387

to Poland,

9:204

support for League of Nations,

9:143

See also World War I

United States of Europe,

8:177n;

AE on,

10:437

Units,

2:168n, 324, 397n, 583n

Universe

AE on,

10:342

age of,

6:517

average mass density of,

9:267

center of,

6:495–496, 541, 542, 543

closed,

8:385, 475, 476, 639, 661, 670; 10:68, 70

De Laer Kronig on,

10:600c

De Sitter on conditions for,

10:478

elliptic,

6:500, 501; 7:41, 43n, 76n, 566

equilibrium of matter in,

7:323n

expansion of,

6:517

extension of,

9:293

finite,

6:496–500, 517, 542, 552n

from finite matter density,

9:403

in space,

8:359, 411, 476

in space-time,

8:357–358, 415

in time,

8:359

ghost images of stars in,

10:501

infinite,

6:501, 517; 7:44n, 393, 563, 569, 576n

mass of,

6:542, 551

matter density of,

6:495, 501, 516, 541, 542, 543, 547–548, 551; 8:393, 401, 406, 411(see also Mass: distribution in universe)

nonclosed, of De Sitter,

10:477–478

Petzoldt on,

10:332

quasi-Euclidean,

6:501; 7:563, 568–569; 8:639

quasi-spherical,

6:501; 7:68, 75

radius of,

6:499, 501, 516–517, 548, 551, 552n; 7:424n; 10:70

size of,

8:390, 393, 401, 406, 412, 425, 431

size of observable,

10:70

spatially closed,

6:547–551; 7:xxvi, 42n, 68, 121n, 133, 135, 182n, 318, 323n, 377, 393–396, 409, 421, 433n, 566, 568; 9:233

spherical,

7:41, 43n, 68, 71, 135–137, 172, 398

three-dimensional,

6:499–500, 501, 548, 549, 551

two-dimensional,

6:497–499

stability of Galaxy in, De Sitter on,

10:500–501

static,

6:516–517, 543; 7:xxvi, 182n, 187, 189n, 565; 8:352, 412, 422, 428, 467, 472–473, 478, 810n

stellar velocities in,

6:500, 542, 545, 547, 551

structure of,

8:412;

according to general relativity,

6:500–501, 516–517; 7:118

total energy in,

7:68, 74

unbounded,

6:496–500, 519–520–521

See also Cosmological model, Einstein’s and De Sitter’s; Euclidean continuum; Space

University, Columbia.

See Columbia University

University, Hebrew.

See Hebrew University of Jerusalem

University, Johns Hopkins.

See Johns Hopkins University

University, Kyoto.

See Kyoto University

University, Ohio State.

See Ohio State University

University, Princeton.

See Princeton University

University, Washington.

See Washington University

University, Wesleyan.

See Wesleyan University

University of Amsterdam,

8:161n, 289n

University of Basel,

3:547

Bernoulli’s candidacy for chair at

AE’s negative evaluation of,

5:390, 469n

appointment, AE’s negative comments on,

5:455, 468, 476

Haber’s recommendation of,

5:390n, 469n

invites AE to lecture,

10:602c;

postponed,

606c

University of Berlin (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität),

2:41, 377n; 3:4; 7:102n, 205n, 226, 282–283n, 287n, 340n, 448n; 8:32n, 37n, 60n, 63, 87n, 93n, 129, 144, 156n, 165n, 176n, 221n, 237, 275n, 361n, 370n, 388n, 472n, 485n, 513n, 551n, 561, 595n, 597n, 598, 607n, 621n, 629n, 658n, 670n, 699n, 735, 737n, 814, 824n, 825n, 855n, 906, 944n, 946n, 953

admissions policy of,

7:285

AE’s lectures at

(see Einstein, Albert: Courses taught: University of Berlin)

Auditorium Maximum at,

7:287n

closed: due to unrest,

9:16;

during Kapp Putsch,

486

faculty senate of, charges Nicolai,

9:384;

expels Nicolai,

474

Institute of Physical Chemistry of,

7:62n, 331n

Institute of Theoretical Physics of,

7:59n

Psychological Institute of,

7:478n

public’s access to Privatvorlesungen at,

7:287n

and revolution,

7:xxi

revolutionary students at,

7:99n

student council at,

7:285, 287n–288n;

protests against AE’s free admission policy,

9:425

students of on AE’s significance,

9:437

student uproar during AE’s lecture at

(see Einstein, Albert: Courses taught: University of Berlin)

Wednesday physics colloquium at,

7:102

University of Bern,

2:41, 505; 3:xvi, 3, 598; 8:288n

AE’s Habilitation at,

5:96

call of Hilbert to,

10:205

invites AE,

10:597c

opening hours of library,

5:75n

University of Bologna,

8:573n

University of Bonn,

7:281n; 8:294n, 877n, 901n

University of Breslau,

8:30n, 658n, 710, 791n, 815n, 879

University of Brussels, Free,

8:304n, 347n

University of Budapest,

8:595n, 618n

University of Cairo,

9:213n

University of Cairo, American

9:213n

University of Cambridge,

7:210n; 8:511n

Cavendish Laboratory of,

7:340n

inquires whether Einstein would consider a position at,

10:xlix

Observatory of,

7:27n

University of Chicago,

7:443n–444n, 629; 8:471n

University of Copenhagen,

8:371n

University of Cracow,

8:86n, 231n

University of Frankfurt,

7:53n; 8:472n, 478n, 498n, 621n, 638n, 655, 852n, 953

University of Freiburg,

7:110

University of Fribourg, relation with University of Prague,

5:433n

University of Geneva,

8:5n, 364n, 815n;

awards honorary doctorate to AE,

5:202

University of Ghent,

8:701

University of Gießen,

8:4n, 889n

University of Göttingen,

7:36n, 76n; 8:142n, 146n, 158, 161n, 200n, 265n, 278n, 292n, 596, 597n, 607n, 689n, 699n, 709n, 737, 935n, 937n, 1019c

AE lectures at,

10:32

seminar at,

2:267, 504

University of Greifswald,

7:27n, 104; 8:217n, 461n, 696n

University of Groningen,

8:874n

University of Halle,

7:448n; 8:461n, 868n, 889n

University of Hamburg,

8:471n;

AE lectures at,

10:262, 265, 587c

University of Hannover, AE lectures at,

10:604c

University of Heidelberg,

1:59n; 7:101; 8:383n, 615, 636, 737, 746

University of Helsingfors (Helsinki),

7:26n; 8:165n, 370n

University of Istanbul,

9:213n

University of Jena,

8:760n

University of Kolozsvár,

7:110

University of Königsberg,

8:615, 889n

University of Kristiania,

8:370n

University of Kyoto, AE’s 1922 lecture at,

2:264, 310; 5:32n

University of Leipzig,

8:4n, 278n, 361n, 365n, 448n

University of Leyden,

7:xxvii, xxxiii, 26n, 42n, 59n, 107; 8:84n, 299n, 350n, 386n, 423n, 458n, 757n, 961n; 9:290n

AE’s appointment as special professor at

(see Einstein, Albert: Career: University of Leyden)

AE’s lectures at

(see Einstein, Albert: Lectures: University of Leyden)

cryogenic laboratory of,

10:xliii

founding of,

9:418n

Lorentz’s vacant chair at

Debye’s candidacy for,

5:421

Ehrenfest’s appointment at,

5:509, 509n

Ehrenfest’s candidacy for,

5:484, 490, 496n

Einstein’s candidacy for

(see Einstein, Albert: Career: University of Leyden)

professor’s salary at,

5:410

See also “Magnet-Woche”

University of Lund,

8:784n

University of Manchester,

8:285n

University of Marburg,

8:737, 868n, 892n;

and Neo-Kantianism,

9:478

University of Moscow, Shanyavsky City,

8:18n

University of Munich,

7:108–109, 146n; 8:62n, 218n, 368, 737

Institute of Theoretical Physics at,

7:108

Observatory of,

7:146n

University of Münster,

8:889n

University of Oxford,

7:211n

University of Padua,

7:27n; 8:97n

University of Paris,

8:171n

University of Prague, Czech,

9:462n

University of Prague, German (Karl-Ferdinands-Universität),

2:147; 7:223; 3:xvii, 3, 425, 475, 475n, 483, 484n, 509, 509n; 8:8n, 12n, 337n, 394, 850n; 9:86n; 10:16n

AE leaves,

10:20n

AE’s lectures at

(see Einstein, Albert: Courses taught)

AE’s memories of,

6:535n

AE’s vacant chair at

Ehrenfest’s candidacy for,

5:446, 470–472, 474n, 478n

Frank’s appointment at,

5:500n

Frank’s candidacy for,

5:468, 472–473

Kohl’s candidacy for,

5:470473

developments after World War I,

9:462n

Ehrenfest’s lecture on radiation theory at,

5:474n

Jaumann’s refusal of chair at,

5:256n

Lampa fights for,

9:461

location of Institute of Experimental Physics at,

5:309n

rumors regarding its dissolution,

9:77

See also Einstein, Albert: Career: University of Prague

University of Rochester,

7:443n; xlii

University of Rostock,

7:220n; 8:221n, 627; 9:216n; 10:xlii

500-year anniversary of,

9:198, 203, 216n, 580c, 584c; 10:222;

AE on,

9:260, 280

awards honorary doctorate to AE,

9:572c

University of Sheffield,

7:279n

University of Strasbourg,

8:442n

University of Tübingen,

8:76n, 889n; 10:xlii

University of Turin,

8:78n

University of Uppsala,

8:932n

University of Utrecht,

3:xxix; 7:53n; 8:874n

professor’s salary at,

5:311

vacant chair at

Debye’s appointment,

5:395n, 422n; 10:21n

Debye’s candidacy for,

5:346, 347, 349, 350, 354, 356, 359, 361, 369, 373, 374

Keesom’s candidacy for,

5:354, 357, 361, 369, 373, 386n

official recommendation for,

5:376n;

Julius’s thanks for AE’s recommendation for,

386

Ornstein’s candidacy for,

5:369, 373

Van Laar’s candidacy for,

5:369, 373

See also Einstein, Albert: Career: University of Utrecht

University of Vienna,

7:32n, 106, 416n; 8:264, 265n, 299n, 425n, 480n, 483n, 494n, 564n, 567n, 663n

balance between theoretical and experimental physics at, AE on,

10:322–323

invites AE to lecture,

10:17, 38

University of Wisconsin,

7:231;

invites AE to lecture,

10:l, 479, 494

University of Würzburg,

7:104, 106; 8:35n, 472n

University of Zurich,

1:331; 2:173–176; 3:xvi, 268n, 449n; 7:53n, 343n; 8:4n, 47n, 75, 93, 119n, 146n, 149n, 152, 153n, 154, 172n, 175n, 374n, 395n, 403, 404n, 409n, 411n, 442n, 446n, 549n, 573n, 574n, 814n, 815n, 854n, 885n, 905n, 930n, 940n

AE considers position at,

10:xxxiv

AE offers to lecture at,

10:175, 178

AE tired of teaching at,

10:208

AE’s appointment at,

10:xvi

AE’s chair at

Debye’s appointment,

5:291n

search for successor,

5:287n

AE’s doctoral dissertation at

(see Einstein, Albert: Career: Doctoral dissertation)

AE’s inaugural lecture at,

3:125n

AE’s lectures at

(see Einstein, Albert: Courses taught: University of Zurich)

appointment at,

10:xxxvi

Debye’s vacant chair at

AE on candidates for,

5:445–448

AE’s lack of influence in filling of,

5:427

Ehrenfest’s candidacy for,

5:446, 451

Joffe’s possible candidacy for,

5:428n

Kleiner’s role in filling of,

5:449n

Laue’s appointment at,

5:468

official recommendation for,

5:448

splitting of,

5:422n

Gottfried-Keller centenary at, AE participates in,

10:204–205

Kleiner’s work at,

2:7, 173–174

public’s access to Privatvorlesungen at,

7:287n

salary offered to AE,

9:301

student petition at,

3:xvii, 3

theoretical physics at,

2:173–174

See also Einstein, Albert: Career: University of Zurich; Kleiner, Alfred

Unruh, Fritz von (1885–1970),

8:572

Unthan, Carl (1848–1928),

9:496–497;

on his militant pacifism,

10:273–274

Uproar at AE’s lecture at University of Berlin.

See Einstein, Albert: Courses taught: University of Berlin

Urania in Vienna

on AE’s lecture series,

10:611c

invites AE to lecture, accepted,

10:609c, 610c

Usener, Hans (1872–1929),

8:837–838, 858n, 863

USPD.

See Social Democratic Party, German Independent

Ussishkin, Menahem (1863–1941),

7:234; 9:255n

Ütliberg, outskirts of Zurich,

1:235

Utrecht,

3:xxix

University of

(see University of Utrecht)

Utrecht, Veterinary School of,

8:716n; 10:29n

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

V

Vacuum,

2:145, 150, 401, 437, 503, 509, 564, 569, 585; 3:298, 353, 390, 526

Vahlbruch Foundation,

8:699n, 756n

Vahlbruch Prize,

8:698, 699n, 715, 756n

Vaihinger, Hans (1852–1933),

8:877n; 9:43, 492, 494, 532, 611c; 10:xlv, 260, 246n, 260, 268n, 288, 299, 332, 456

advancing blindness of,

9:43

AE recommends Cassirer to,

10:xlviii

Als-Ob conference

invites AE to,

9:493

organizes,

9:532

reports to AE on,

10:586c

co-founder of Annalen der Philosophie,

8:886

daughter’s suicide,

9:43

invites AE to join editorial board of Annalen der Philosophie,

8:888

requests paper from AE,

9:44

requests permission to publish AE’s Leyden lecture,

10:573c.

See also Als-Ob conference; Philosophy: of Als-Ob

Valentiner, Siegfried (1876–1971),

9:74;

requests KWIP funds for research on heat conductivity of insulators,

9:566c;

rejected

566c

Valentini, Rudolf von (1855–1925),

5:513n

Valéry, Paul,

9:392n

Van den Bos, Marinus, gyroscope of,

6:138, 140, 144n, 208, 209

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

W

Van der Waals, Johannes D.

See Waals, Johannes D. van der

Van der Waals force,

9:86n

Van der Waals’s theory of gases and liquids,

1:265, 324n; 2:4, 178; 4:529. See also Corresponding states: law of

Van ’t Hoff, Jacobus.

See Hoff, Jacobus van ’t

Van ’t Hoff’s law.

See Osmotic pressure: Van ’t Hoff’s law of

Van ’t Hoff’s theory of solutions.

See Solutions: Van’t Hoff’s theory of

Vanoni, Luigi (1854–1940),

5:289n, 290, 396

Vapor, saturated,

1:120–124, 130–131, 134–138

Vapor pressure,

1:121–125, 135;

of solids,

10:353

Vaporization, heat of.

See Heat: of vaporization

Varcollier, Henri,

9:532n, 536

Varese, Italy,

1:lii

Variational principle,

2:487n; 4:162, 194, 209n, 211, 305, 307, 319, 321, 479, 480, 489, 490, 494, 573, 590

and energy-momentum conservation,

7:139n

and equation of motion of point mass,

6:75–76, 87

and field equations,

7:139n

and general covariance,

6:14–17

and geodesics,

6:87–89, 305–306

and gravitation,

6:11, 15, 114–116, 130n, 215, 319–321, 340–345, 410–415, 416n, 550

See also Relativity, general theory of: Hamiltonian formalism for

Varićak, Vladimir (1865–1942),

3:478–479, 482, 484n; 5:251n; 10:xxx, 5–6, 13, 22

and Einstein-Marić,

10:5, 23

on Lorentz transformations in Lobatchefskyan geometry,

10:8

manuscript of,

10:10, 13

on misprints in Einstein 1905r,

10:6

relativity, special

reality of length contraction in, debate with AE on,

3:478–479; 10:14–15

rigid motion in, paper on,

5:292, 292n

on rotation of rigid bodies in,

10:7

sends cheese to AE,

10:21

son of,

10:21

Vaterlandspartei,

9:348n

Veblen, Oswald (1880–1960),

10:441

Vector,

3:5–6, 9, 13, 28–29, 65, 73–75, 281n, 372–373; 4:72, 332–335; 7:524, 527

axial,

6:57

convection current,

6:106, 107, 108

definition of,

7:508

electric current,

6:107, 264

electric polarization current,

6:46, 107, 108

electric vacuum current density,

6:62, 266, 328

electromagnetic potential,

6:264, 327

energy-momentum,

6:63, 103, 125, 127–128, 544

field, of momenta,

6:558, 560, 561–563

force,

6:62, 98–99, 104, 219, 220, 267–268

magnetic polarization current,

6:107, 108, 109

magnetization,

6:153, 162, 165

operations on

(see Tensor: algebraic operations on and differential operations on)

parallel transport of

(see Parallel transport, of vectors)

polar,

6:57

six-

(see Tensor: antisymmetric)

tensor of,

3:28, 127n

See also Four-vector; Point tensor/vector; Six-vector; Surface tensor/vector; Tensor: special

Vector analysis and calculus,

3:5–6

Vector calculus, generalized.

See Differential calculus, absolute; Tensor calculus

Vector fields,

3:320

Vegard, Lars (1880–1963),

10:303

Velocity,

3:5, 19, 126n

absolute,

3:487

angular,

3:53, 81, 110

apparent,

2:400n

change in,

3:92

of diffusion,

2:216

of electron,

3:505n

of light

(see Light, speed of)

mean, of particles,

2:399–400, 400n

mean square,

3:211

of molecules,

3:181, 214, 242n

momentary,

2:400

parallelogram of

(see Addition of velocities, law of)

rotational,

3:561

superluminal

(see Signal velocity: superluminal; Superluminal velocity)

superposition of,

3:134, 146, 163–164

of suspended particles,

2:208, 210, 219–220

time dependence on,

3:441

See also Addition of velocities, law of; Ions: migration velocity of; Kinematics; Maxwell’s distribution law; Mechanics

Venice (Venedig),

1:253, 256, 257, 286, 375

Venizelos, Eleftherios,

9:269n

Venus

anomalies of motion of,

8:101n

perihelion motion of,

8:235

Veraguth, Otto (1870–1944),

8:372; 10:55

Verband der Deutschen Hochschulen,

7:494n

Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus,

10:xli, 432

invites AE to join executive board,

10:597c;

declines,

10:432

Verein “Allgemeine Nahrpflicht,”

7:129; 9:609c

Verein deutscher Ingenieure,

9:605c

Verein der Freunde des Goethemuseums,

7:300n

Verein zur Gründung und Erhaltung einer Akademie für die Wissenschaft des Judentums,

7:447n; 9:168n, 174n, 593c

Verein Österreichischer Chemiker,

9:366n

Verein Schwäbische Sternwarte, AE lectures at,

10:419, 434, 601c

Vereinigung Gleichgesinnter,

8:342n, 532, 636, 1011c, 1012c

Vereinigung wissenschaftlicher Verleger Walter de Gruyter & Co.

See Publishers: De Gruyter

Verhaeren, Emile (1855–1916),

5:518n; 9:392n

Veringenstadt,

10:213

Verlag Naturwissenschaften.

See Publishers

Verlaine, Paul,

9:392n

Vermeil, Hans (1889–1959),

8:937; 9:41

Versailles Peace Treaty,

7:240n, 282n, 333n, 334; 9:xliv, 86n, 130n, 479n, 593c

comes into effect,

9:595c

effect of on Bolshevism, AE on,

9:80

German dislike of,

9:119n

Germany requests modification of,

10:583c

harshness of, AE on,

9:85, 387

relative mildness of, AE on,

9:93

text of: definitive,

9:93;

preliminary,

58

and “week of mourning,”

9:63

Veterinary School of Utrecht.

See Utrecht, Veterinary School of

Vetter, Theodor (1853–1922),

5:503n, 510n; 8:973n; 9:6n, 302n, 423n

on AE’s policy of free admission to course at University of Zurich,

9:5–6

requests AE to change class hours,

5:503

Via Mala, Canton of Graubünden,

1:302

Vibert, James (1872–1942),

5:526n

Vibration frequency,

3:xxiii

Vibrations

atomic,

3:xxiii, 475n

AE on,

5:352

in AE’s quantum theory of specific heat,

5:302, 295

Haber on,

5:377

Lindemann’s formulas for,

5:377

and Planck’s constant,

5:378n

elastic,

3:409, 413n–414n

high-frequency,

3:xx

molecular,

3:414n

See also Oscillations; Oscillators

Vienna (Wien),

1:275

collection in Britain for children of,

9:311

GDNÄ meeting in

(see Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte: meeting in Vienna)

poor living conditions in,

9:252

Social Democratic government of,

9:437n

University of

(see University of Vienna)

Vienna Observatory,

6:360

Vienna Radium Institute.

See Institut für Radiumforschung

Viereck, George (1884–1962),

10:274

Vierwaldstättersee (Lake Lucerne),

10:41, 42

Vieweg publishing house.

See Publishers

Viktoria Hotel,

5:288

Viktoria-Luisen-Schule, Berlin,

9:558c

Villa Carlotta, near Cadenábbia,

1:302

Villarceau’s theorem,

1:122

Vincent, George (1864–1941),

10:546

Vincent, Walter,

10:545, 546

Violetshift,

8:413, 422, 423

Violins.

See Ehrenfest, Paul: violins for daughters of

Violle, Jules (1841–1923),

2:307n; 8:170, 171n; 9:614c

AE’s reading of,

2:xxv, 3, 42, 178, 255, 258–259

Virchow hospital,

8:658

Virial theorem,

1:122–123; 3:180, 212–213, 242n, 246n; 7:422, 584

Viscosity,

1:292, 294n; 2:172, 176, 179, 180, 181, 189, 198, 199, 205n, 216, 236n, 348, 399, 498, 502n; 3:6, 183, 187, 191, 243n, 418n, 567; 4:526–527; 7:342–343n; 8:158

coefficient of,

1:265, 292;

for liquid,

3:418n

of gas, Wildhagen on,

9:122–123

Hopf’s correction of AE’s calculations of,

5:271

of mastic emulsions, Bancelin’s experiments on,

5:267n

discrepancy between experimental results and AE’s prediction,

5:218n, 266, 268, 270

of suspensions, AE’s calculations on,

5:217; 10:12

Visser, Johannes de,

10:xliii–xliv

Visualization,

3:321, 324, 343

graphic,

3:372

of relations in spherical space, AE on,

9:65n, 566c

of relativistic effects,

9:601c

Vogelpohl, Georg (1900–1975),

9:508–509

Voigt, Woldemar (1850–1919),

1:321; 2:582n; 3:414n; 5:73n, 149n; 9:435; 10:372

on interaction between radiation and matter,

5:72

“Volk,” Nationality and, AE’s definition of,

7:8

Volkart, Gustav,

10:193

Volkmann, Paul (1856–1938),

8:887, 889; 9:45n

Volksbüchereiprojekt,

9:578c

Volksbund für Freiheit und Vaterland,

8:629, 636n, 747n

support for a league of nations,

7:10n

Volkshochschule für Proletarier, Berlin,

9:299n;

AE lectures at,

10:261

Volkshochschule Groß-Berlin,

7:288n; 9:484n; 9:339

Volksschule.

See Petersschule

Vollenhoven, Cornelis van (1874–1933),

9:151n, 166n, 321n, 422n; 10:xliv, xlvi, 374–375, 585c, 587c, 588c

on AE’s salary as special professor,

10:375

and funds for AE’s trip to Leyden,

9:183n

Vollenweider, Otto (1887–1973),

5:275n, 275

Volta, Alessandro (1745–1827),

5:51;

electrophorus, invention of,

51

Volta effect,

2:168n, 350, 356–357, 358n; 3:348, 351; 5:42, 42n. See also Photoelectric effect;

Voltage,

3:329

experiment,

3:339

measuring instruments for,

3:340–341, 397n–398n

Voltaic cell,

1:158, 172, 176–178

Voltz, Friedrich,

8:1014c

Volume, transformation equation for,

2:469–472

Volume element, invariant.

See Invariant volume element

Vorwärts,

7:106, 348n

Vossische Zeitung,

7:106, 108, 124n, 348n

Vrkljan, Vladimir (1894–1974),

8:600

Waals, Johannes D. van der, Sr. (1837–1923),

2:4, 133n; 3:403, 573; 5:300, 302n, 362n, 410; 9:502 See also Corresponding states: law of; Van der Waals force; Van der Waals’s theory of gases and liquids

Waals, Johannes D. van der, Jr. (1873–1971),

5:180n, 192

criticizes paper by Lorentz,

5:170

Wachsmuth, Friedrich (1868–1941),

8:471; 10:94, 95n, 335, 336, 516

anti-Semitism of,

10:360

University of Frankfurt, invites AE to,

10:599c

Wächter, Maria (1862–1933),

1:299

Wadsworth, Eliot,

9:13n

Waetzmann, Erich, requests KWIP funds for acoustic research,

9:127–128

Wagner, Ernst,

9:568c

requests additional KWIP funds for high-voltage battery and maintenance,

10:579c;

granted,

609c;

pending,

582c, 591c

requests KWIP funds for high-voltage batteries for X-ray spectroscopy,

9:556c;

granted,

560c, 567c

Wagner, Mário Basto (1887–1922),

10:484, 548

on Planck’s generalization of Nernst’s heat theorem,

10:485, 548

requests copy of Einstein 1914n,

10:484–485

Wagner, Richard (1813–1883),

8:550

Walden, Paul (1863–1957),

5:401, 402n

Waldeyer-Hartz, Wilhelm von (1836–1921),

8:41n, 87, 93, 514n, 991c; 9:350n, 515n, 555c

letter to Lorentz,

8:361, 362n, 363, 390, 419, 429

Manifesto of the 93, signs,

8:347n

on Massart appeal,

8:346, 361, 362n, 363, 371, 419

Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York City,

7:436n

Walls, reflecting,

2:167n, 545

semipermeable

(see Membranes: semipermeable).

Walter, Bernhard (1861–1950),

7:53n

Wangerin, Albert (1844–1933),

9:97

Wankmüller, Romeo,

8:588, 708, 709n

Wannsee,

5:458n, 598n

Wantzel, Pierre (1814–1848).

See Saint-Venant and Wantzel’s hypothesis

War crimes, commission on,

8:345n, 347n

Warburg, Emil (1846–1931),

3:7, 191, 243n, 507n, 546n, 561, 581, 592; 4:111, 117, 166; 5:300, 302n, 349, 419n, 512, 522n, 529n, 598n, 602n; 6:169, 171n, 275, 276n, 577; 8:83, 185, 514n, 601, 641, 655, 671, 695n, 776, 1001c, 1007c, 1016c; 9:114, 208, 360n, 488n, 593c; 10:109n, 303n, 397, 481

AE

offers position at Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt,

5:480;

refused,

511

meeting with AE in Berlin,

5:437, 457n, 467, 481n

nominates for Nobel Prize,

9:550c

relationship with,

8:855

AE’s article on,

6:579n

AE’s salary, proposes raise in,

9:580c

discussion with AE in Berlin,

5:452, 454n

energy balance of photochemical reactions, papers on,

4:111, 117

invites AE to stay with him in Berlin,

5:415

KWIP, member of Direktorium of,

8:527n

PAW

nominates Laue as member of,

10:570c

nominates Sommerfeld and Debye as members of,

9:410

proposes financial help of to Physikalische Berichte,

9:580c

photochemical equivalence, experimental test of AE’s law of,

4:112, 113, 166; 5:406, 416, 421, 452;

AE’s praise of,

452

photochemical processes, discussion with AE on,

5:352

Planck celebration, presents lecture at,

8:672

radiation formula, research on funded by KWIP,

9:571c, 576c

Warburg, Fritz,

9:12n

Warburg, Max (1867–1946),

10:514;

AE on political trustworthiness of,

9:11

Warburg, Otto (1859–1938),

7:234; 8:773; 9:169n, 181n, 327n, 434n

Warburg, Otto Heinrich (1883–1970),

8:695n, 696

Warburg, Paul (1868–1932),

10:538–539;

as agent for AE’s planned U.S. trip,

10:515n, 530, 538

Warburg-Gertner, Elisabeth (1861–1935),

5:415, 416n, 454n; 8:694, 695n

Wartenberg, Hans von (1880–1960),

3:504n

Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, invites AE,

10:l

Washington University, Department of Physics of,

7:53

Wasielewski, Theodor von (1868–1941),

9:199n, 586c, 591c;

University of Rostock, invites AE to jubilee of,

225, 580c

Wassermann, August von (1866–1925),

7:448n; 9:434n

Water waves,

7:314;

elementary theory of,

6:400–401

Wave equations,

2:148, 295, 550

Wave theory,

3:537–538, 555–556

basic equation of,

3:391

and fluctuations,

3:454

vs. particle theory of light,

3:xviii, 177–178

See also Light: wave theory of

Wavelengths, for elastic vibrations and light,

3:409–410, 413n–414n

Waves.

See Electric waves; Electromagnetic waves; Ether waves; Gravitational waves; Water waves

Weak field approximation,

4:124, 160, 198, 245n, 246n, 247n, 248n, 337, 346, 349–350

Weber, Alfred (1868–1958),

8:737, 746

Weber, Carl Maria von (1786–1826),

10:402

Weber, Eduard von (1870–1934),

5:120, 121n; 8:647

Weber, Gustav (1858–1913),

1:300, 308n; 5:525n

Weber, Heinrich F. (1843–1912),

1:11, 85n, 233n; 2:135, 142, 173, 174, 260; 3:246n, 284, 397n, 522; 5:234n, 500n; 8:3

AE believes hindered by, in search for position,

1:xxxvii, 279, 281, 290

AE’s courses with,

1:46–49, 212, 307, 308n, 364, 366, 367, 368

AE’s Diplomarbeit under,

1:61, 235–236, 244n

AE’s doctoral work under,

1:xxxvii, 61, 272

AE’s feelings of ill will toward,

5:481

AE’s grades in courses of,

1:46–49, 60

AE’s notes on ETH physics lectures of, 1897–1898,

1:xxxvii, 61–62, 63–210;

AE’s study of,

1:62, 229, 230

AE’s relationship with,

1:60, 303

bibliography,

1:235

biography,

1:387–388

death of,

5:478, 479n;

AE on,

5:480, 483

Einstein-Marić’s relationship with,

1:243, 303, 311

ETH

activities at,

5:481n

physics lectures at,

2:3, 20n, 42, 135, 173, 358n, 397n, 492n

succession at,

5:482n

research interests,

2:135, 173

research of,

1:62, 73–76, 197n, 235, 305

See also Black-body radiation: Weber’s semi-empirical law for and Weber’s work on; Solid bodies, specific heat of: Weber’s experiments on

Weber, Rudolf H. (1874–1920),

9:74–75; 10:390, 456

Weber, Wilhelm (1804–1891),

1:207, 224, 236; 7:104, 349n

Webster, David L.,

9:22

Wecker-Heilbronn, Ernst,

9:602c

Wednesday physics colloquium, Berlin,

8:37n, 218n, 289, 361, 388, 589, 814; 10:273

Weggis (Canton Lucerne),

10:111–112, 121, 127

Wegscheider, Rudolf (1859–1935),

9:366–367, 369, 393, 396, 412, 440, 462n; 10:323n

on Ehrenhaft’s candidacy for professorship at University of Vienna,

9:398–400

requests AE’s opinion on Ehrenhaft,

9:400

Wehberg, Hans,

9:571c

Wehrli, Max,

9:153n

Weidner, General Major,

9:195n

Weigert, Charlotte,

8:760, 761; 9:350, 604c

on AE’s pacifism,

9:351

on AE’s Zionism,

9:351

on Danish press coverage of AE,

9:350

Weigert, Fritz (1876–1947),

3:578; 10:572c, 573c;

requests KWIP funds for photochemical research,

9:601c;

granted,

613c

Weight function for phase space

parameter-dependent,

8:20, 23–27, 28, 556n

temperature-dependent,

8:21, 26

Weight of tensor.

See Tensor: weight of

Weil, Paula,

10:97

Weimar,

10:119

Weimar coalition,

10:xlii

Weimar Republic

AE’s support for,

9:xlii–xlv

image of abroad, AE on,

9:474–475

weakness of,

9:498

Weinberg, Jehiel J.,

9:590c

Weinstein, Alexander (1897–?),

9:192

Weinstein, Max,

8:236n, 275

Weisbach, Werner (1873–1953),

8:341n, 532, 636; 9:35n

convenes meeting of Vereinigung Gleichgesinnter,

8:342n

Weishut, Fritz (1890–?),

8:120

Weiss, Edmund,

3:509, 509n; 5:290, 291n, 322n; 9:7n

criticizes Ehrenhaft’s experiments on electronic charge,

5:291n

Weiss, Josef (1889–1953),

5:165n

application of Boltzmann principle,

5:166n

on energy of electromagnetic waves,

5:163–165

Weiss, Pierre (1865–1940),

3:7, 217, 222, 224, 226, 245n, 518n, 547n, 574, 599; 4:272, 284, 601; 5:123, 124n, 125, 217, 286, 291n, 332, 333n, 352, 353n, 368n, 398, 408n, 428n, 445, 452n, 476, 478, 500n, 509, 535, 547; 8:148, 152, 477, 561, 667, 853, 1006c; 9:141, 171, 225; 10:xlvi, 25, 26n, 36, 125, 126, 207, 366, 368, 373, 404, 472

directs students with AE,

5:538n, 632c, 634c

Ehrenfest’s Habilitation attempts, role in,

5:427, 451, 461, 464n, 476, 478n

interference experiment of,

5:261

participates in “Magnet-Woche,”

10:xlvi, 468, 469, 475

theory of ferromagnetism of,

3:222, 224–225, 245n; 6:159, 170n, 180, 189n, 191;

AE on,

6:170n, 189n

Solvay Congress, Third, invited to,

10:303

H. F. Weber, eulogy of,

5:478

Weissgerber, Andreas (1900–1941),

10:266

Weiss-Rances, Jane (?–1919),

10:207

Weizmann, Chaim (1874–1952),

7:231, 233–235, 435–436n, 447n–448n; 9:xlv, 17n, 181n, 198n, 223n, 249n, 327n

Hebrew University

involvement of in plans for,

9:353n, 364

on language of education at,

9:153n

lays foundation stone for,

9:254

Weizmann, Vera (1882–1966),

7:234

Welch, William (1850–1934),

10:546

Weltsch, Robert (1891–1982),

7:235, 292n

Wende, Erich (1884–1966),

10:453

Wendorff, Hugo (1864–1945),

9:281n

Wendt, Georg,

9:570c, 571c, 575c, 577c, 578c, 579c

requests KWIP funds for research on influence of electric field on spectral lines,

9:558c;

granted

560c, 568c

Wermuth, Adolf (1855–1927),

10:570c

Werner, Alfred (1866–1919),

8:75, 921

Werner, Cossmann (1854–1918),

1:351

Wertheim, ?,

3:577

Wertheimer, Max (1880–1943),

7:99n, 478n; 8:825, 835, 839, 944n; 9:206, 533n; 10:268, 289n

advises AE not to participate in Als-Ob conference,

10:xlv, 260–261

Wesleyan University,

8:471n

Wessel, Peter Hubert (1866–?),

5:559n

West, revitalization of by Eastern cultures,

8:504, 561–562

West, Andrew Fleming (1853–1943), on AE’s financial demands for his U.S. lecture tour,

10:523n

West Prussia, cession of to Poland,

9:60

Westerdijk, Johanna (1883–1961), AE visits,

10:224

Westphal, Wilhelm (1882–1978),

3:599–600; 9:47, 297n, 310n, 568c

radiometer, on theory of,

9:175–176

requests KWIP funds for research on theory of radiometer,

9:559c;

granted,

560c, 568c

Wettstein, Richard (1863–1931),

9:427, 440; 10:323n

requests AE’s opinion on Ehrenhaft,

9:427–428

Weyl, Helene (1893–1948),

7:80n; 9:6n, 581c; 10:197, 279n

Weyl, Hermann (1885–1955),

4:6; 6:129n; 7:27n, 49n, 72, 101, 410n, 412–414, 546, 575n; 8:305, 350n, 352, 670n, 699n, 802n, 816n, 837n, 839n, 848, 853, 877, 880n, 915, 956n, 959; 9:6n, 37n, 40n, 47n, 92, 113n, 115, 158n, 192, 217, 302n, 329, 387, 389n, 432, 520; 10:67, 202, 203, 207, 276, 317, 346, 354, 481, 540, 541, 587c, 591c

abilities and character of, AE on,

8:815, 838, 849, 859, 893

AE on,

9:80

and anti-relativists,

7:111

book of, AE on,

6:535n

dispute of with AE,

9:8n, 552c

elliptic versus spherical space, discussion with AE on,

8:767, 776–777

and extending general relativity, AE on,

9:80, 118, 403, 452

financial difficulties of,

9:79–80

gauge-invariance, discussion with AE on,

8:954–956, 967

GDNÄ meeting in Bad Nauheim

attendance of,

7:352, 355, 357n

planned lecture at,

10:305

report on,

7:109

geodesic and trajectory of point mass, discussion with AE on,

8:824, 878, 967, 971

geometry

inspired by physics in work on,

8:966

on local,

8:721n

and physics, lecture on,

8:815

on relation to Riemannian geometry,

8:767

on Riemannian as geodesy,

8:871

Hamiltonian of, AE on,

10:62

health problems of,

9:452, 512

ill with: asthma,

10:198;

tuberculosis,

8:879

mass horizon, discussion with AE on,

8:355, 724, 728, 741, 757, 765–767, 776, 786–787

on new foundations of mathematical analysis,

8:966

on parallel transport,

7:157, 177n, 179n, 544

philosophical views,

7:80n

on point electron,

8:372–373;

discussion with AE on,

365–366, 379–380

Raum–Zeit–Materie,

7:xxxii, 79–80n; 8:663, 669, 698, 720, 724, 739, 824, 827, 838, 848, 949, 966; 9:453, 530

AE on French edition of,

9:536

redshift and theory of,

10:346

on Schwarzschild solution,

7:170, 183n, 559, 575n

significance of line element, discussion with AE on,

8:726–727, 878, 893, 956, 967

unified field theory of

(see Weyl’s unified field theory)

University of Berlin, invited by,

10:284;

AE on,

10:278

University of Breslau, accepts invitation to,

8:710;

declines position at,

722, 879

University of Göttingen, invited by, AE on,

10:279

University of Göttingen, plans lectures at,

9:87–88

University of Halle, considered for position at,

9:97

University of Zurich

decision to stay at, AE on,

8:894

leaves,

10:154

weight of tensor, introduces,

8:711n

Weyl (conformal) scalar,

7:414, 416n

Weyl (conformal) tensor,

7:414–415

Weyl’s unified field theory,

7:xxvii, 61, 131, 139n, 320, 351–352, 357n, 412–414, 416n, 562, 572n; 8:664n, 670, 710, 711, 712, 716, 801, 824, 879, 938; 9:xxxviii, 111–112, 263; 10:39, 161, 293

AE on,

9:39, 80, 89, 118, 267–268, 293, 305, 403, 452; 10:161, 347–348

AE’s measuring-rod objection to,

9:89, 118, 305; 10:294n, 347–348

Dällenbach on,

10:591c

AE’s objections to,

7:xxvii, 61–62n, 80n, 139n, 280n, 352, 404n, 413, 416n, 574n

as alternative to general relativity,

9:xxxviii

Besso on,

10:540–54

discussion with AE on,

8:712, 720–721, 724–725, 726–727, 728, 741, 742, 757, 765–767, 776–777, 824, 878–879, 893, 948, 954–956, 966–967, 971; 9:8n, 552c

Eddington on,

9:263

energy-momentum conservation in,

8:878

field equations in,

8:379, 859, 878, 879, 893

Fokker on,

9:111–112

fundamental ideas of,

7:412–413

geodesic and trajectory of point mass in,

8:804

invariant line element in,

8:951–952

manuscript on,

8:663

mathematical foundations of,

8:878

paper on,

8:709, 710

Pauli on,

9:267–268

plan of further development of,

8:801

and redshift,

10:346

requests to present papers on,

8:711, 712, 716, 719, 720, 722, 726–727, 741, 742, 744, 757, 767, 948

static solutions with nonzero electric potentials missing in,

9:268, 293

Weyland, Paul (1888–1972),

7:105–111, 345–346, 348n; 10:xxxviii–xli, 400, 401n, 408, 419n, 419, 427, 436n, 449, 449n, 452, 460

approaches, for anti-relativity lecture

Ehrenhaft,

10:422, 423n

Julius,

10:406–407, 424

Wolf,

10:400

at Berlin Philharmonic Hall,

10:383n, 386n, 389, 395n, 461n, 593c

first attack of on AE,

10:589c

Weyssenhoff, Johann (Jan) V. (1889–1972),

8:173n, 174, 915; 9:192

Wheatstone bridge,

1:35, 186–187, 192; 3:369, 383, 399n

Whitehead, Alfred N. (1861–1947),

7:xxi

Whyte, W. J. Arnold,

9:588c

Wichmann, Ottomar (1890–1973),

10:260

Widmer, Eugen,

1:217n

Wiechert, Emil (1861–1928),

2:256; 4:550n; 5:59, 62n, 66n, 71n, 85, 86n; 8:373, 625; 10:62

abilities of,

8:617

electrodynamics of,

5:61, 64

Geodetic Institute, candidate for directorship of,

8:596–597, 617, 717, 718n, 796n

paper by cited by AE,

5:58

perihelion motion of Mercury, paper on ether theory of,

8:374

on superluminal velocity,

5:57

Wiedemann, Eilhard (1852–1928),

5:200n

Wiedemann, Gustav (1826–1899),

1:267n; 5:479n

Wiedemann-Franz law,

1:236–237; 5:319, 320n

Wiedemann’s Annalen.

See Annalen der Physik

Wieleitner, Heinrich (1874–1931),

1:lx n

Wien, Max (1866–1938),

9:21, 127

DPG, declines chairmanship of,

8:759, 764, 781

distant sound detection, works on,

8:760n

Wien, Wilhelm (1864–1928),

2:147; 3:249, 423n, 555, 558; 4:111, 123, 124, 552n, 562, 621n; 5:62n, 73n, 95, 95n, 119, 120n, 121, 132n, 185, 261, 300, 420n; 6:70n, 338n, 382; 7:104, 111, 113, 321n; 8:7n, 143n, 157n, 198n, 274, 344, 460n, 569n, 634n, 694n; 9:21–22, 149n, 208, 217, 308–310, 349; 10:xxxix, 18n, 40n, 427n, 428n, 435n, 471

AE compares with Lenard and Moszkowski,

10:468

AE

criticizes note by,

5:156

influence on,

2:xxi

meeting with in Salzburg,

5:227

nominates for Nobel Prize,

5:629c, 632c

AE on,

5:189

AE writes to,

1:224, 233–234

on AE’s and Laub’s ponderomotive force,

5:122, 253

AE’s reading of,

1:xl, 224, 234; 2:259, 260, 306n

Annalen der Physik, co-editor of,

2:505, 540n; 5:257n; 8:266

Appeal of,

8:77n

Columbia University, lectures at,

5:397n

on constancy of speed of light,

2:307n

controversy with, on AE’s and Laub’s work,

2:505, 506, 507, 527, 528n

DPG

on new statutes of,

8:33–35

opposes new journals of,

9:297

proposed as chairman of,

8:32

directed radiation processes, discussion with AE on,

8:461–464

on displacement law,

2:135, 157, 168n

on entropy of radiation,

2:155–156, 168n

electromagnetic worldview of

(see Worldview: electromagnetic)

equivalence of energy and gravitational mass, abandons,

5:484

GDNÄ meeting in Merano, lecture at,

5:57

general relativity, learns,

8:35

Institut international de physique, dismissed from scientific committee of

9:115n

Laub on,

5:184

Laue, collaboration with,

8:472n

Manifesto of the 93, signs,

8:78n

manifesto on refusing publications in British journals,

8:151n

Michelson-Morley experiment, discussion of,

1:224, 234n

participates in Bürgerwehr,

9:60

and photoelectric experiment of Laub,

5:130

on polarization of X-rays,

9:61

radiation theory, discussion with Abraham on,

5:57, 59, 448n

on reply of AE to Mirimanoff,

8:6

studies of radiation from sinusoidal currents,

1:259n

superluminal velocity,

5:106

correspondence with AE on,

5:56–59, 85

discussion with Sommerfeld on,

5:59

participates in Dresden GDNÄ discussion on,

5:59, 75n, 86n

Wilson’s experiment, discussion with Laub on,

5:121

See also Black-body radiation: Wien displacement law for and Wien distribution law for

Wien displacement law.

See Black-body radiation: Wien displacement law for

Wien radiation law.

See Black-body radiation: Wien distribution law for

Wiener Akademischer Monistenbund, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:597c

Wiener Bank-Verein,

9:555c

Wiener Freiheitliche Studentenschaft, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:597c

Wiener, Otto H. (1862–1927),

10:456

Wiener-Khinchin theorem,

4:602n

Wietikon,

3:576

Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich von (1848–1931),

7:283n; 9:350n, 511, 612c; 10:395

leads campaign against pacifists,

9:385n

meets with AE,

9:511

political differences of with AE,

9:511

Wildbolz, Eduard (1858–1932),

9:162n

Wildbolz, Georg (1893–1951),

9:162n

Wildbolz affair,

9:160

Wildhaber, Jacques, Diplom examination of,

5:632c

Wildhagen, Max (1888–1960),

9:122–123

Wilhelm, Crown Prince (1882–1955), abdicates,

8:965n

Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1859–1941),

7:xxi; 8:87n, 135n, 571n

abdicates,

8:869n, 930n, 932n, 944n, 964

confirms AE’s membership in PAW,

5:635c

Easter message of,

8:506n; 10:97n

Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1880–1962), confirms AE as corresponding member of Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences,

10:xlv, 268n, 600c

Wilkens, Alexander (1881–?),

8:658

Wille, Ulrich,

9:162n

William of Orange,

9:418n

Willigens, Charles,

10:421

Willstätter, Richard (1872–1942),

5:511, 514n

nominated for membership of PAW,

8:991c

terms of appointment at University of Berlin,

5:514n

Willy, Rudolf,

8:495n

Wilouner, ?,

9:226

Wilson, Harold Albert (1874–1964),

7:88

Wilson, Woodrow (1856–1924),

8:918, 930n; 9:xlv, 17n, 144n, 205n; 10:347

supports Balfour Declaration,

9:17n

supports League of Nations,

9:119n, 143

Wilson effect,

2:505, 513–517, 517n, 539; 8:6. See also Material medium: dielectric

Wilson’s experiment on polarization,

4:17, 27; 6:48, 67n

AE and Laub on,

5:122n

discussion between Wien and Laub on,

5:121

Winchester, George,

10:595c

Wind, Cornelis (1867–1911),

5:312n; 7:53n; 8:873

death of,

5:311

succession of, AE’s possible candidacy for,

5:311

See also University of Utrecht: vacant chair at

Wing, lifting power of,

6:400, 401

Winkelmann, Adolf (1848–1910),

3:9

Winteler, Anna.

See Besso-Winteler, Anna

Winteler, Fridolin (1873–1953),

1:267

Winteler, Jost (1846–1929),

1:xxxvi, lxv, 12, 233n, 282n, 287, 385; 5:47n; 8:10n, 201, 223n, 667n; 9:307n, 340n

AE invites to Zurich,

5:531

asked by AE for recommendation for position at Burgdorf Technical School,

1:307, 308n, 309, 315

biography,

1:388

death of wife and son of,

5:45n;

AE’s condolences on,

44

Winteler, Jost, son of Jost and Pauline Winteler,

1:388

Winteler, Julius,

1:388

Winteler, Marie.

See Müller-Winteler, Marie

Winteler, Matt, expresses sympathy for AE,

10:401

Winteler, Matthias (1878–1934),

1:388

Winteler, Paul (1882–1952),

1:380, 388; 5:161, 161n, 181n, 438n, 531; 8:285, 446, 495, 497, 884, 945; 9:xxx, 3n, 48n, 105, 129–131, 147, 171, 219, 530, 551c; 10:xxxii, xxxiv, 62, 110, 123, 144, 147–148, 153n, 169–170, 182, 185n, 187, 196, 215, 224, 267, 402

AE

on food package for,

10:188

offers advice in financial matters,

10:507–509

proposes Swiss lakes to for sailing,

10:170

AE feels comfortable with,

10:112

AE praises,

10:121

disappointed by AE’s cancellation of visit to Lucerne,

10:170

Einstein, Pauline

on estate of,

10:266–267

on financing move to Berlin of,

10:234–235

opposes move to Berlin of,

10:235

hobbies of,

10:216

on leaving Lucerne,

10:507

marital problems of,

9:294, 342;

denies rumors of,

10:231

on publication of Einstein 1917a with better financial conditions,

10:508

on quarrel between AE and Besso-Winteler,

10:171

retires,

10:507, 510

and SAG shares,

10:216, 231, 234, 507, 510, 567c

tours with Hans Albert Einstein in the Alps,

10:110, 111

Winteler-Einstein

on birthday of

10:182

defends character of,

10:266–267

Winteler, Pauline (neé Eckert) (1845–1906),

1:385; 5:3n; 9:52n

biography,

1:388

death of,

5:45n;

AE’s condolences on,

5:44

Winteler, Peter (1886–1963),

10:168

Winteler, Rosa.

See Bandi-Winteler, Rosa

Winteler family,

1:305, 306, 388, 389

AE’s relationship with,

1:xxxvi, xxxix, lxv, 219, 372

Winteler-Einstein’s relationship with,

1:234

Winteler-Einstein, Maja (1881–1951),

1:249, 280, 300, 306; 2:43, 266; 3:5, 574; 5:115n, 141n, 161, 438n, 586; 7:292n; 8:85n, 167, 167n, 169, 189, 287, 446, 452, 454, 477, 497, 503, 566, 666, 819, 884, 989c; 9:29, 48n, 65n, 69n, 92n, 93n, 105, 119, 129–131, 138, 147, 170–172, 201, 219, 290n, 304n, 307n, 340n, 442, 487, 492n, 530, 572c, 582c; 10:xxxi, xxxiv–xxxv, 41, 83, 84, 90, 99, 107, 110, 130n, 144, 146, 147, 151n, 153n, 168, 171, 215, 218, 229, 231, 267, 281, 507, 540

AE

biographical memoir of,

1:xxxv, xlviii–lxvi, 239

suggests mountain air to,

8:580

visits,

8:282, 10:130

AE enjoys staying with,

8:168, 497

AE feels comfortable with,

10:111, 112

AE visits,

5:329n; 8:284, 503; 10:99

on AE’s and Elsa Einstein’s children,

10:169

AE’s holidays with,

1:219, 231, 286n, 288, 303–328, 376

AE’s impressions of,

1:221, 280, 288, 330

on AE’s popularity,

10:230

AE’s travels with,

1:374

arrives in Berlin,

9:339, 592c

at Filzbach primary school,

10:168–169, 186

Besso-Winteler, feelings about,

10:152

biography,

1:389

birthday of,

8:945; 10:182

character of, Vero Besso on,

10:152

disappointed by AE’s cancellation of visit to Lucerne,

10:169

education,

1:234n, 238n, 389

Einstein, Pauline

on hiring nurse for move to Berlin of,

10:229–230

and inheritance of,

10:266

on last months of,

10:511

proposes moving to Berlin,

10:218

takes care of,

10:195–196, 224

Einstein-Marić

attitude toward AE’s relationship with,

1:305, 314, 317, 336

bad relationship with, AE on,

5:457

financial problems of,

5:10, 12, 16n

marital problems of,

9:294, 342

marriage of,

5:181

plays piano,

10:123

praised by AE for hospitality,

10:114

press campaign against,

10:402

as prospective host for Hans Albert Einstein,

10:81, 90, 147, 149

reads Einstein 1917a,

10:230

on rumors about AE leaving Berlin,

10:402

sends food package for AE,

10:169, 187

stay in Paris,

5:181

tutors Bice Besso,

5:12n

Winteler, Paul

life with, as model of harmonious life,

10:100, 117, 119, 121

on retirement of,

10:510

Winternitz, Josef (1896–1952),

10:332, 341

Winterthur, Canton of Zurich

AE’s stay at,

1:xxxvii, 297–317 passim, 376.

See also Rebstein, Jakob; Technikum Winterthur; Wohlwend, Hans

Winzer, M. J.,

8:1020c

Wirtinger, Wilhelm (1865–1945),

7:413–414, 416n; 9:400; 10:38

Wirtschaftshilfe der deutschen Studentenschaft, Amerika-Werkstudenten-Dienst, solicits letter of recommendation to American companies,

10:595c

Wirz, ?,

1:271

Wisconsin, University of

(see University of Wisconsin)

Wise, Stephen (1874–1949),

7:234

Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Luftfahrt

general meeting of,

8:708

invites AE to join,

8:709

Prandtl lectures to,

8:709

Witches’ sabbath,

5:337, 343

Witkowski, Georg,

9:481

Witte, Hans,

5:225

Wittelsbacherstraße.

See Berlin: residences of AE in

Wittfeld, Gustav (1855–1923), proposes test of Lense-Thirring precession,

9:250

Wittich, Karl (1868–1939),

5:518n

Wittig, Hans,

9:520

dedicates dissertation to AE,

9:521

extends concept of energy conservation to psychology,

9:520

space and time in psychology, writes book on,

10:245

Witting, Alexander (1861–1946),

5:523n

Wohlfahrt, Theodor,

1:353

Wöhlisch, Edgar (1890–1960),

10:467, 482

Wohlwend, Clara (1880–1958),

5:7n

Wohlwend, Hans (1878–1962),

1:299; 5:7n, 46; 8:58, 84, 392

AE invites,

5:6

AE plays music with,

1:21, 307n, 309n

teaches AE English,

5:589, 589n

visits Wintelers,

1:305, 307n

Wintelers complain about AE’s lifestyle to,

1:306

works in Karachi,

5:46n

Wohlwend, Karl (1881–1944),

5:7n

Wohlwend, Max (1888–1944),

5:7n

Wohlwend, Mrs. Max,

10:528

Wohlwend-Battaglia, Maria (1879–1980),

8:58; 10:167

Wohlwend-Rupp, Lina (1855–1910),

5:7n

Wolf, Max (1863–1932),

10:427

approached by Weyland for anti-relativity lecture,

10:400

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:400

on Weyland’s misusing his name,

10:400, 408

Wolfer, Alfred (1854–1931),

1:367, 369; 9:8n, 315, 383n

Bernoulli and Briner, requests opinions on,

9:589c

Wolff, Cornelia,

9:597c

Wolff, Heinrich (1875–1949),

10:260

Wolff, Theodor (1868–1943),

7:297n; 9:28n, 29n

Wolffsohn, David (1856–1914),

9:255n

Wolfinger, Max,

1:360, 361

Wolfke, Mieczyslaw,

9:192;

Habilitationsschrift of,

5:633c

Wolfromm, Wilhelm,

7:195n

Wolfskehl Foundation,

8:142n, 146n, 292n

Wolfskehl lectures

of AE,

8:142n, 143n, 145, 154

of Debye,

8:24, 27n

of Mie,

8:291, 461n, 462, 569, 571–572, 577–578, 587, 649, 650, 750, 752

of Planck,

8:701, 715, 740n, 762, 765, 774

of Smoluchowski,

8:291, 293

Wolfskehl meeting (Göttingen)

AE declines invitation for,

5:502, 505

Debye’s invitation for,

5:506n

Wollermann, E., on unified theory of matter,

8:1024c

Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.

See Internationale Frauenliga für Frieden und Freiheit

Wood, Robert (1868–1955),

3:580; 5:212, 214n

Work,

1:83–92, 111, 116; 3:30, 32, 42, 68–69, 84–86, 119, 127n, 293, 321, 332, 336, 339

electric,

3:334

and electric forces,

3:348

and energy increase,

3:375

and gravity,

3:348

and magnetic fields,

3:350

mechanical,

3:334, 554

ponderomotive,

3:370

virtual,

3:85–86

Workers’ and soldiers’ councils,

8:947n, 964

Workers’ Welfare Bureau of Jewish Organizations.

See Arbeiterfürsorgeamt der jüdischen Organisationen

World line,

4:68; 6:122, 488; 7:134, 140n, 315;

not time-orientable,

8:779–780

World-matter.

See Relativity, general theory of: world-matter in

World point,

4:68; 7:263

World’s Fair International Congress of Electricians, Chicago 1893,

1:191n

Worldview

classical,

2:xxvii

electromagnetic,

2:xxvii, 269, 561

electromechanical,

2:415

energeticist,

2:xxvii, 207

mechanical,

2:72

relativistic,

2:xxv, 415

World War I,

6:28n, 69–70, 281, 282n, 570n, 578

AE’s opinion on,

6:211–213

Allied blockade,

8:961n

Armistice, hope for,

8:935

Austria-Hungary

declares war on Serbia,

8:719n

peace negotiations of,

8:872n

Belgium

atrocities to German prisoners-of-war in, refutation of,

8:63

German atrocities in,

8:347n, 702n

military actions in,

6:71n

provocations by population of,

8:929

Bulgaria, sues for peace,

8:892n

Finland,

8:370n

civil war in,

8:626n

gains independence,

8:620n, 626

German deportation of Belgian workers during,

7:239, 241n

German military conduct in Belgium and Poland during,

7:295

German wartime atrocities during, examined,

7:241n

Germany

Allies, armistice with,

8:930n, 932n, 944n, 961n

France, declares war on,

8:53n

gas warfare by,

8:452n, 620n, 717

military position of,

8:170, 589, 892n

rail transport in,

8:635n

Russia: armistice with,

8:589n;

invades,

53n;

peace talks with,

629n;

peace treaty with,

746n

submarine warfare by,

8:413n, 505

Italy

declares war on Austria-Hungary,

8:125n, 130

leaves Triple Alliance,

8:125n

political position of,

8:120n, 130

outbreak of,

10:25n

Versailles.

See Versailles Peace Treaty

Russia

(see World War I: Germany)

Serbia, Austria-Hungary declares war on,

8:719n

Turkey, defeated in Palestine,

8:892n

United States

opposition to war in,

8:91

relationship to hostilities in Europe,

8:206n

See also Einstein, Albert: Politics

Wostok publishing house.

See Publishers

Wright, Joseph (1878–1910),

8:436

Wüchner, Hans,

1:351

Wüest, Conrad (1849–1904),

1:219n, 227, 233

Wundt, Wilhelm (1832–1920),

9:350n, 481, 518

Württemberg,

1:xlviii, 20, 54, 245, 372;

war with Bavaria,

6:211

Würzburg, University of.

See University of Würzburg

Wyczalkowski, Jan,

5:243

Wyss, Heinrich,

1:240, 241

Wyss, Konrad,

9:94n

Wyss, Rudolf (furniture store),

5:139

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

X

X-ray diffraction,

4:552n, 554, 554n; 7:53n

alternative theories of,

5:519

Bragg’s lecture on at Second Solvay Congress,

5:562

Bragg’s theory of,

5:519n

influence of temperature on, Debye’s work on,

5:562

Laue’s discovery of,

5:480;

AE on,

482, 483

Laue’s theory of,

519n

Stark’s theory of,

5:519n

X-ray photo, bright rim on,

8:873

X-ray polarization

Seemann on,

9:22, 61

Wien on,

9:61

X-ray spectra,

8:561, 783, 784n

X-ray spectroscopy, funded by KWIP,

9:560c, 562c, 567c

X-rays,

3:249, 515, 515n, 540, 543; 4:292, 562; 7:xxix, 53n

absorption by metals,

2:145

deflection of,

8:873

diffraction of

(see X-ray diffraction)

energy quanta in,

2:145, 586

experiments on absorption of,

3:547n

investigation of crystal structure by,

8:576

nature of, polemic between Sommerfeld and Stark on,

5:233n

production of, by cathode rays,

2:552n, 573–574;

AE on,

5:427

pulse theory of,

5:230n, 233n

reflection and refraction of,

7:51–52

spatial distribution of energy of

AE on,

5:228–229

Sommerfeld’s paper on,

5:228

Stark’s application of light quantum hypothesis to,

5:203n

Stark’s experiments on,

2:145

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Y

Yerkes Observatory,

8:470

York-Steiner, H.,

9:583c

Young, Thomas (1773–1829),

2:171; 6:197

Back to top.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Z

Zabel, Walter,

3:7, 128n

Zagreb (Agram),

1:294, 380

Zahn, H. (1877–1952),

9:74

Zametzer, Josef,

1:350

AE’s mathematics classes with,

5:38n

congratulates AE on doctorate,

5:38

thanks AE for sending papers,

5:38

Zangger, Gertrud (1907–1918),

5:340, 341n; 8:659n; 10:145n, 154

death of,

8:730n, 815n, 852n

ill with: measles,

8:572, 574;

pneumonia,

8:666n

Zangger, Gina (1911–2005),

5:346, 347n, 422n; 10:xxix

birth of,

5:341n;

AE’s congratulations on,

340

Zangger, Heinrich (1874–1957),

2:217; 3:175n, 409; 5:32n, 149n, 289n, 294, 304, 340n, 396n, 402n; 7:53n, 334n; 8:7n, 45n, 47n–48n, 76n, 93, 103, 116, 119n, 130n, 144, 146n, 154n, 164, 172–173, 186n, 189n, 190, 198, 220n, 281n, 283, 287, 317, 318n, 320, 330n, 339–340, 348, 366n–367n, 390n, 409, 442, 445n, 449n, 453, 458n, 498n, 504, 515n, 568, 580, 615n, 636n, 659n, 666, 669n, 678n, 729, 738n, 789n, 813, 817n, 855n, 911, 916n, 939; 9:xxx, xl, xlv, 3n, 7n, 11, 12n–13n, 36n, 48n, 69n, 78–79, 92–93, 99n, 139n, 172n, 192, 197n, 203n, 269n, 270, 271n, 288n, 299n, 302n–303n, 305, 325, 330n, 340n, 345n, 345, 373n, 378n, 406n, 428, 451n, 487, 489n, 499n, 513n, 517; 10:xxix–xxxvii, 12, 20–22, 24, 28, 31, 33–35, 37, 39, 42, 44–45, 47–50, 54–55, 57, 64, 66, 68, 71, 78–80, 83–84, 86–89, 91, 97–98, 103, 112, 116, 119, 125, 129, 133, 135–137, 140, 143, 145, 148, 151n, 158, 160, 164, 170n, 178–179, 190, 196n, 196, 201–202, 218, 229, 278, 317

AE

on cosmological model of,

8:574

diagnoses: with duodenitis,

8:485n, 496n, 497n; 10:108;

high blood pressure,

102

dissuades visit to Switzerland of,

8:320n

empathy with research efforts of,

8:574

encourages visit to Switzerland of,

8:219

examines,

10:99, 100, 103

hints at move to Zurich of,

8:454

joint professorship in Zurich, discussion with,

8:455n, 849, 851, 852–853, 855, 856, 858, 870, 872, 894

keeps informed about sons of,

8:134

on neglect of sons by,

10:90

on popular book on relativity of,

8:455;

promises special food to,

10:68

proposes drinking cure for,

10:70

proposes stay in Tarasp to,

8:446

on resentment from,

8:665

sends bill to,

8:598

sends food packages to,

8:400, 406, 407, 455; 10:68, 70, 73–74, 76, 93

as teacher, comment on,

5:332

AE apologizes to,

10:145

AE asks to help Adler,

8:409

AE dislikes boarding with,

10:100

AE expects help from in obtaining rights to visit sons,

8:168, 169

AE invites,

8:185

to Prague,

5:421; 10:16;

Heller’s suggestion for,

5:415

AE on modesty of,

10:92

AE praises,

8:210

AE on qualities and position of,

5:278

AE requests help from in obtaining visa,

8:172–173

AE on sensitivity of,

10:24

AE thanks

for hospitality,

8:173

for taking care of sons,

8:153, 173

AE’s ETH appointment, role in,

5:371, 378; 8:455n, 852n; 10:xxxiii, 317

AE’s sons, takes care of,

9:487

AE’s Swiss family, helps,

10:142

appointment to full professor,

10:16

at the Riviera,

10:238

on Born 1920a, 1922c,

10:513

Brownian motion

discussed with AE,

5:32n, 118n

experiments with Böhi on,

5:296–298

character of,

8:210

on conditional sentencing,

10:318

considers position in Paris,

5:279n, 290, 354n, 372

Debye’s ETH appointment, role in,

9:304n; 10:317

depressed,

10:19

Einstein, Eduard

on health condition of,

8:618

pays expenses for sanatorium stay of,

8:581, 590; 10:126

praises,

8:851

takes care of,

10:56;

AE on burden of,

90

Einstein, Elsa, on cause of illness of,

10:191

Einstein, Hans Albert

opens home to,

8:443, 658, 665; 9:303, 306, 326, 338, 451, 487n, 10:236

praises,

8:454

takes care of,

10:56, 79, 81, 85;

AE on burden of,

90

Einstein, Pauline

examines,

10:201, 209, 215

on transport of,

9:214

uncertain about cancer of,

10:207–208

Einstein-Marić,

10:102

angry with,

8:219

on condition of spinal cord of,

8:573–574

diagnoses with brain tuberculosis,

8:330, 331

on illness of,

8:372, 885n

medical advice to,

8:316

England, lacks sympathy for,

8:171n

European morals, on decline of,

8:574

expert opinion, work on,

8:444

on Freundlich 1916a,

10:513

GDNÄ meeting in Karlsruhe, attends,

5:326n

handwriting, illegibility of,

10:27, 75, 107, 279;

AE on,

8:129, 561

Heller, on state of mind of,

5:414

hopes for position in Paris,

10:17

ill with

heart disease,

8:204

influenza, pleuritis, and pneumonia,

8:873n, 940

periostitis,

8:444, 451, 495; 10:79

intermediary between AE and Einstein-Marić,

8:321

Kammerer, helps,

9:512

manuscripts of,

8:118, 134, 145, 185

medical confidentiality, paper on,

8:134

medicine and law, book on,

8:444, 495

Nicolai

expert opinion on,

8:572

psychological assessment of,

9:484n

organizes conference on probability,

10:xxxiii

Perrin, meets with,

8:561

probability, manuscript on,

10:161–162

problems with colleagues,

10:83, 85

raises funds for guest lecturers,

10:513

reflects on life,

5:397

relativity, works on personal account of,

8:411n, 455

report on conditions in office of,

5:596n

sick leave of,

5:596n, 602n

on Sommerfeld 1919,

10:513

Switzerland, on economic situation in,

8:408, 410

takes drinking cure in Tarasp,

10:114;

invites AE to visit,

119

University of Zurich

activities at,

5:279n

promotion at,

5:468n

quarters at,

5:333n

on use of spectrography in forensic medicine,

10:317–318

visits

AE in Lucerne,

10:107

AE in Prague,

5:314n, 325n; 10:17

Einstein, Pauline,

9:81, 92, 105

Forrer with AE,

5:332

patients in Prague,

5:395n; 10:17

Rolland, Romain, with AE,

8:998c

Weyl

intervenes on behalf of,

10:317

reads book on continuum by,

8:940

takes care of treatment for tuberculosis of,

10:512

workload of,

5:398n;

complains about,

397

Zangger-Mayenfisch, Mathilde (1883–1981),

5:326n, 346, 347n, 422n; 8:173; 9:339, 513, 609c; 10:12n, 86, 100

Zangger-Müller, Rosine,

10:25n

Zangwill, Israel (1864–1926), novels on Jewish ghetto life,

9:415

Zeeman, Pieter (1865–1943),

4:4; 6:536n; 9:145, 150, 247, 296, 416n, 422n, 502; 10:xlv, 268n, 275n, 277, 475

as curator of AE’s Leyden professorship,

10:366, 374

on directional dependence of gravitational lines of force,

8:608n

on directional orientation of gravitational mass of crystals,

8:602

on measurements with Eötvös torsion balance,

8:602

Nobel Prize, nominates AE for,

9:418n, 597c

speed of light in moving media, experiments on,

6:452, 536n; 8:608, 161; 9:209, 296

Solvay Congress, Third, invited to,

10:303

Zeeman effect,

4:4, 15; 8:783;

in solar atmosphere,

5:355, 567

Zehden, Alfred (1876–1948),

8:588

Zeipel, Hugo von (1873–1959),

7:424n

Zeiss optical works,

2:559n; 8:470

Zeitler’s Studienhaus-Zusatz-Stiftung, invites AE to attend session,

10:603c

Zeitschrift für Physik,

9:297, 309, 470n

Zemplén, Gyözö (1879–1916),

4:508, 510n

Zenneck, Jonathan (1871–1959),

8:373, 815n

Zentralkomitee für das ärztliche Fortbildungswesen in Preußen, invites AE to lecture,

10:599c

Zermelo, Ernst (1871–1953),

4:586; 5:242n, 314, 449n; 9:192

AE invites,

5:242, 502

Göttingen, position in,

5:449n

University of Zurich

candidacy for chair at,

5:449

leaves of absence due to ill health from,

5:449n

Zerner, Fritz (1895–1951),

10:295

Zernike, Frits (1888–1966),

3:285, 311n; 9:247; 10:53n

Zero-point

degrees of freedom at,

6:254–255

entropy at,

6:38, 264, 256–257

molecular magnetic moment at,

6:146

state of system at,

6:37–38

Zero-point energy,

3:281n; 4:552n, 553; 5:562; 6:33, 39n, 146, 148, 152, 170n, 173, 189n, 191; 8:20, 38, 41, 42n, 91, 246; 10:17, 499

AE’s and Stern’s paper on,

4:270–273, 275–284, 552n; 5:395n;

AE’s objections to,

4:270, 273, 553n, 553; 5:564

for rotational motion,

10:356n, 443

Haber on,

5:539

Keesom’s work on,

5:564n

in Planck’s theory,

5:466n

Zeuner, Gustav Anton (1828–1907),

2:126, 126n, 326, 326n

Ziegler, Hans,

2:586

Zimmerli, Jakob (1860–1918),

5:525n

Zimmermann, Heinrich (1877–1961),

5:396n;

investigation against,

5:396

Zinglé, Alfred (1884–?),

5:507n

Zionist Association of Germany.

See Zionistische Vereinigung für Deutschland

Zionist conference of 1920, program of,

9:241n

Zionist meeting, AE attends,

9:223n, 550c

Zionist movement,

1:lx; 7:428, 629

AE to aid cause of,

9:180, 267

AE’s American tour on behalf of,

7:439, 623–627

debate about cultural or political nature of,

7:233, 435n

devotion to,

7:229–236

Ehrenfest on,

9:248

importance of cultural aspect,

7:439

See also Einstein, Albert: Jewish matters

Zionist Organization (German),

8:774n

Zionist Organization (international),

7:227, 231, 234, 436n, 443n; 9:334n

Annual Conference of,

7:235

Education Department of,

7:230, 447n

and Hebrew University,

9:153n;

funding for,

364–365

University Advisory Committee,

7:436n

World Congress of

Eleventh,

7:231; 9:213n, 249n, 254

Fifth,

447n

Zionist Executive of,

7:234

See also Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Zionist Organization of America,

7:231, 234, 436n

dispute with Zionist Organization,

233–234

Zionist Society at the University of Chicago,

9:423n

Zionist Student Association of Eastern Galicia

on AE and Hebrew University,

10:463

expresses sympathy for AE,

10:xl, 463

Zionistische Vereinigung für Deutschland,

7:225, 229, 232, 234, 240n, 293n; 8:772, 963, 970;9:181n

AE approaches,

8:773

AE attends meeting of,

9:567c

Program of Zionism,

7:232

proposed congress of,

7:224

tension with Central-Verein,

7:225, 297n

Zloscisti, Theodor,

9:327n

Zoff, Otto,

9:323n

Zofingen, Canton of Aargau,

1:231

Zopf, Elisabeth,

10:593c

Zsigmondy, Richard A. (1865–1929),

2:209, 219, 345n; 8:291

Zug, Canton of,

1:225, 314

Zugersee, Switzerland,

10:41

Zuiderzee, The Netherlands, AE’s and Lorentz’s walk along,

10:52

Zuoz (Canton Grisons),

10:164;

AE in,

9:4

Zürcher, Emil, Jr. (1877–1937),

8:312, 321, 409n, 635, 678, 679n, 718, 731, 755, 884, 959, 1027c, 1030c, 1033c; 9:8, 35, 345, 496; 10:xxxvi, 37, 45, 49, 141, 155, 156n, 157–160, 164–165, 179, 181, 217, 229, 497–498

AE praises,

10:44

and divorce contract of AE and Einstein-Marić,

10:147, 150

manages AE’s financial support for Swiss family,

9:214, 270, 338, 345

solicits photo from AE,

10:445

Zürcher, Emil, Sr. (1850–1926),

5:278n; 8:409n

Zürcher, Richard (1911–1982),

8:227, 407, 735; 10:345

Zürcher and Furrer printing firm,

5:305

Zürcher Heilstätte bei Aegeri,

9:340n

Zürcher-Siebel, Johanna (1873–1939),

8:312; 9:345, 496; 10:45–46, 49

AE praises,

10:44

Einstein-Marić

helps,

8:316; 9:36n

on household of,

8:372

intermediary between AE and,

8:321n, 409n

Zurhellen, Walther (1880–1916),

8:469

Zurich,

3:xix, xxii, 281n, 310, 310n, 315, 315n, 316, 396n, 417, 418n, 420, 421n, 422, 458

AE compares with Berlin,

10:496

AE returns to,

3:xviii

AE visits in 1917,

10:xxxiv

AE’s feeling of loneliness in,

10:497

county court in,

9:556c

free air in, AE on,

10:19

Hans Albert Einstein’s school in,

8:114n

heating shortages in,

9:3n, 6n

influenza in,

8:940

poor treatment of scientists in,

9:498

riots in,

9:94n, 307n

strike in,

8:940n, 942n

student procession in,

5:393n

tense situation in,

8:941

University of

(see University of Zurich)

vacancy at Gymnasium in, AE’s application for,

5:91, 92

Zurich, Canton of, AE’s stay in,

1:60–298 passim, 373–375

Zurich Kantonsschule,

8:226n, 442n; 10:157n, 167n, 194n, 228n

Zurich Municipal Naturalization Commission

AE’s citizenship applicant’s questionnaire,

1:269–270

minutes of,

1:271–272

Zurich Physical Society.

See Physikalische Gesellschaft Zürich

Zurich Physics Colloquium,

9:196, 200;

congratulates AE,

192

Züricher Obersee,

1:225

Zweig, Arnold and Beatrice,

9:581c

Zweig, Stefan (1881–1942),

9:322, 323n, 392; 10:xxxix

expresses sympathy for AE,

392–393, 434

Back to top.