626 INDEX
Atoms
(cont.)
ular
dimensions; Molecules;
Solid
bodies,
specific
heats of
Available
energy.
See
Energy,
free
Avenarius,
Richard
(1840-1917),
xxv
Avogadro's number
(constant),
46, 53,
108n,
136, 171,
176-177,
179, 180, 182, 212,
221,
396n. See also
Loschmidt's
number
Axioms, xxiii,
255.
See
also
Principles,
of
physics;
Theories
of
principle
Bancelin,
Jacques,
170,
180-182
Battelli, Angelo
(1863-1916),
AE's
review
of,
114,
114n. See
also
Equation
of
state
Battelli's
equation.
See
Equation
of
state,
Bat-
telli's
Bavarian
Academy
of
Sciences,
271
Beiblätter
zu
den Annalen
der
Physik:
AE's
re-
views
for, xix,
109-111;
Ehrenfest's
reviews
for,
109-110;
founding of, 109; reviewing
procedures
of,
109-110
Belluzzo,
Giuseppe,
AE's
review
of,
112-114
Berlin, University of,
41, 377n
Bern,
University
of, 41,
505
Berthelot. See Thomsen-Berthelot rule
Bertrand,
Joseph
(1822-1900),
119
Besso,
Michele (1873-1955),
178,
264,
306,
309n, 310n, 408n;
correspondence
with AE:
41,
47, letters from
AE,
xxiv,
6, 7, 43, 51,
52,
95n-96n, 148, 175, 178-179,
205n,
211,
261,
309n, 396n,
letters
to AE, 6, 43,
47, 178,
213, 309n
Bestelmeyer,
Adolf
(1875-?), 272. See
also
Beta-rays, experiments
on mass
of
electrons
in
Beta-rays, 586; deflectability of,
270,
305-306,
368, 372n, 458;
experiments on mass
of
electrons
in, 267,
272,
458;
generating po-
tential
of,
458-459; kinetic
energy
of elec-
trons in,
458
Biot-Savart's
law,
523
Birven, Heinrich,
AE's
review
of,
316-317,
317n
Black
body,
134,
167n
Black-body
radiation, 106, 134, 151, 152,
155,
163, 167n,
180, 350,
472,
543,
576-582;
AE's
early study of, xx, 135; application
of
statistical mechanics
to, 99, 105-107;
energy
of,
mean square
fluctuations
in, 105, 139,
214;
energy density of, 375; energy spectrum
of,
108n,
134,
135, 375, 377n, 379;
entropy
of,
155-157,
160,
375-376,
575
(see
also
Planck's
law);
experimental
studies
of, 144,
167n, 168n, 173,
551n;
fluctuations
of, 106,
138-139,
146, 213, 214-215, 545-548,
552n
(see
also
Fluctuations);
momentum of,
mean square
fluctuations
in, 547, 552n;
moving,
436;
Planck's
derivation
of,
134-
137, 146, 180,
351-352,
486n-487n;
Planck's
law of,
xx,
134, 136-137,
138,
139, 141, 144,
146, 154, 167n, 168n,
172,
180, 182, 218,
338,
345n,
351,
357n,
358n,
376,
382, 390n, 545-549,
575, 577, 581,
582;
Planck's
theory
of,
xxi,
99, 135-136,
143,
145,
153-154,
167n, 180,
350-354,
379-383, 404-405,
501n, 502n, 543, 550,
575-577,
583n; Rayleigh-Jeans's
law
of, 46,
137-138,
144, 167n,
377n, 381, 390n,
543,
546, 549, 550, 551n, 552n;
theory
of, 99;
Weber's
semi-empirical
law
of, 108n, 135;
Wien's
distribution, law
of, 54, 136, 140,
157, 161, 163, 168n, 350, 354, 375, 545,
549, 551n, 552n,
580
(see
also
Displacement
law,
Wien's). See
also
Stefan-Boltzmann
law
Blumenthal,
Otto (1876-?), 254
Böhi, Paul,
217
Bohlin,
Karl (1860-1939),
AE's
review
of,
320-322, 322n
Boltzmann,
Ludwig
(1844-1906),
xxiv, xxv–
xxvi,
4, 40n,
42, 43, 44, 46, 142, 207,
217,
252, 252n, 376, 379;
AE committed
to
his
approach,
46,
99,
102-103,
107n, 158,
207-
208,
376;
AE
criticizes,
48-49,
52, 175,
207-208, 217, 543-544; AE
improves upon,
47,
158, 545;
AE's
interest in his
work, 46,
211;
and canonical ensemble, 48-49; and
en-
tropy definition,
44,
110
(see
also Boltzmann
principle);
and
equipartition
theorem,
45-46,
49,
108n;
and
ergodicity,
49;
Festschrift
(Meyer,
S.
1904),
44,
110, 121, 123, 128;
and
gas
diffusion,
252, 252n;
Gastheorie,
AE
reading
of, 4, 43,
44, 48,
67, 207,
211,
336, 376;
and kinetic
theory
of
gases,
48,
57,
73n-74n, 102, 136, 175,
336, 543,
575
(see
also
Kinetic
theory
of
gases,
Maxwell-
Boltzmann
tradition);
terminology
of,
75n,
96n;
and Van der
Waals's
theory
of
fluids,
4.
See
also
Complexions;
Einstein, Albert,
reading of; Entropy;
Stefan-Boltzmann law
Boltzmann's constant, 53-54, 75n,
108n,
167n, 344n, 390n;
AE's
interpretation
of,
xix;
AE's
value
for, 108n;
definition
of,
136
Boltzmann distribution,
167n,
216.
See also
Maxwell-Boltzmann
distribution
Boltzmann
equation, 393
Boltzmann
principle,
xx,
xxvi,
41,
107n, 137,
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