INDEX 627
158,
235n;
AE's
definition
of
probability
in,
214;
AE's
inversion
of,
138-139;
AE's
nam-
ing
of, 159, 168n;
AE's
use
of,
xx,
54, 146,
159-161,
214, 235n; definition, 136,
158;
energy
fluctuations
and, 139;
universal valid-
ity
of,
146. See
also
Probability
Bonnin,
-,
326,
326n
Born,
Max (1882-1970),
427n,
504. See
also
Rigid
motion, relativistic
Boundary
conditions, 512, 532,
535n. See
also
Electromagnetic
fields
Bousfield,
William Robert (1854-1943),
178,
179
Boyle-Gay-Lussac
law, 160,
168n. See
also
Gay-Lussac's
law;
Mariotte's
law
Brown,
Robert (1773-1858),
208
Brownian
motion,
xvii, 42, 172,
211,
224,
416, 491, 551n;
AE's
comments
on experi-
mental studies
of,
219-222;
AE's
derivation
of
laws
of, xix-xx, xxviii, 139,
206-222,
224-235, 334-344, 497-500; in colloidal
so-
lutions, 181,
209-210, 399-400; in conduc-
tors, 206,
343, 491; experimental study
of,
41, 206,
211,
236n,
334,
396, 400n, 557-
558, 559n;
fundamental
role
of
dissipation
in, 210;
influence
of
elastic force
on,
337-
338, 345n;
kinetic
theory of,
217-218;
of
mirror in radiation
field, 139, 146, 215,
546-
547, 552n;
related electrical
phenomena,
214,
221-222,
343, 396;
reprint
edition
of
AE's
papers
on, 206, 207; rotational, 334,
342-343; theoretical
study
of,
208-210,
398-400,
496-500.
See
also
Smoluchowski,
M.;
Svedberg,
T.
Brownian motion
of
suspended particles,
xix–
xx,
224-235;
AE's
displacement
formula
for,
234, 342;
mean square
displacement in, 342,
345n, 408; mean square rotation, 334,
342-
343,
345n;
photographs
of, 557-558, 559n;
temperature dependence
of,
339, 341,
498;
translational, 334, 344;
viscosity dependence
of,
408
Bryan, George Hartley
(1864-1928),
AE's
re-
view
of,
120-121, 121n
Bucherer,
Alfred Heinrich (1863-1927),
254;
AE
cites, 307n,
310n,
461;
correspondence
with
AE, 272;
supports
Lorentz-Einstein
equation, 254,
272.
See
also
Beta-rays, ex-
periments on mass
of
electrons
in; Electron,
Bucherer's
model of
and
variation of
mass
with
velocity
Buckingham,
Edgar
(1867-1940),
AE's
review
of,
247-249
Burkhard,
-,
198
Burkhardt, Heinrich
(1861-1914), 176, 184,
203n
Canal
rays,
252, 252n,
402-403, 444
Canonical distribution. See
Distribution, canon-
ical
Canonical ensemble. See
Ensemble,
canonical
Capillarity, xviii, 10, 208;
AE's
equation, 6,
11, 20n;
AE's
work
on,
3-6,
10-20,
171;
Laplace's
theory
of,
3-4,
5-6,
20n,
21n,
178;
Minkowski review
article, 4;
molecular
theories of,
3-4,
171;
Schiff's
law,
19;
ther-
modynamic theory
of,
319
Capillary
forces. See
Force,
capillary
Carnot principle,
17,
73.
See
also
Thermody-
namics, second law
of
Cathode
rays,
252, 486n;
deflectability
of, 368,
459;
emission of,
163-165, 505, 572-573;
experiments on mass
of
electrons
in,
272,
368-371,
372n,
458-461,
486n;
generating
x-rays,
552n
Cavity, 136,
578. See
also
Black-body
radia-
tion
Center of
gravity, principle
of
conservation
of
motion, 360, 362-366, 399, 414,
462
Center of
mass.
See Center
of
gravity
Change
of
state:
adiabatic, 86, 94, 95n,
100;
cyclic, 10, 23, 94, 102, 114, 246, 246n,
317n, 361, 473;
endothermic,
116; energy
change during,
119, 119n; entropy change
during, 246; exothermic,
116;
of
fluids, 113;
graphic description
of, 113-114; irreversible,
114, 119, 246,
543-544, 555
(see
also
Ther-
modynamics,
second law
of); isobaric, 27;
isopycnic,
86,
96n,
100, 107n; reversible,
114, 119, 119n,
246,
332, 383, 473-474,
475
Charge
density, transformation
law
of,
257-
258, 302, 308n, 505,
507
Charge
invariance,
302,
308n
Charges.
See Electric
charges
Chaudesaigues,
-,
221
Chemistry:
colloidal,
181, 209; molar, 104;
physical, xix, 129,
132-133, 383-389,
399-
400;
of
solutions, 23-39,
177,
182,
198-
201;
See
also
Atoms;
Molecules
Chwolson, Orest D. See Khvolson
Classical
physics,
xvii. See
also
Mechanics,
classical;
Thermodynamics
Clausius,
Rudolf
(1822-1888):
appointment
to
ETH, 173;
theory
of
heat, 42;
H.
F.
Weber
as successor to,
173
Clausius's
approximation
method,
use
of, 252,
252n