534
DOC. 20 THEORETICAL ATOMISM
Published
in
Die Kultur der
Gegenwart.
Ihre
Entwicklung
und ihre
Ziele. Paul
Hinneberg,
ed.
Part
3,
sec.
3,
vol.
1,
Physik.
Emil
Warburg,
ed.
Leipzig:
Teubner,
1915,
pp.
251-263. Dated
before
21
October
1913
(see B.
G.
Teubner
Publishing
House
to
Pieter
Zeeman,
21
October
1913,
NeHR,
Archief
P. Zeeman, in
which
it is
mentioned
that the
last
manuscript
for
the
volume
has
just
been received
by
the
publisher).
[1]For
a
general
overview of the
development
of
ideas
on
energy
conservation
in the nine-
teenth
century,
see
Harman
1982.
[2]See Helmholtz
1847,
p.
6.
[3] See
Brush
1976
for
a
history
of the kinetic
theory
of
matter
in the nineteenth
century. See
also
Einstein's
own
exposition
of kinetic
theory
in his
lecture
notes
for
a course on
the kinetic
theory
of heat
at the
University
of
Zurich,
summer
semester 1910
(Vol.
3,
Doc.
4).
[4]For
a
historical discussion of Rudolf Clausius's
work,
see
Brush
1976, chap.
4.
[5]
Article
11
in the
physics
volume of
Die
Kultur der
Gegenwart
is
Dorn
1915,
which deals
with
experimental
atomism.
P.
233
discusses Rudolf Clausius's theoretical result that the
vis-
cosity
coefficient of
gases
is
independent
of
the
density.
[6]
See the
preceding note.
[7]See
Loschmidt
1865.
[8]
For
a
historical discussion of Einstein's earlier interest
in the
determination of molecular
dimensions,
see
Vol.
2,
the
editorial
note,
"Einstein's Dissertation
on
the
Determination of
Molecular
Dimensions,"
pp.
170-182.
[9]
See
Knudsen
1910a.
Knudsen's work
on
dilute
gases is
discussed
by
Einstein
in
his lecture
notes
for
a course on
the
kinetic
theory
of heat
at
the
University
of
Zurich,
summer
semester
1910
(Vol. 3,
Doc.
4).
[10]
See Van
der Waals
1873.
[11]See
Riecke 1898 and
Drude
1900a,
1900b.
Article
20 in the
physics
volume of
Die
Kultur
der
Gegenwart
is
Starke
1915,
which
has
electrical
conductivity
as
its
subject.
For Einstein's
earlier interest
in the
electron
theory
of
metals,
see
Vol.
1,
the
editorial
note,
"Einstein
on
Thermal, Electrical, and
Radiation
Phenomena,"
pp.
235-237.
[12]For
a
contemporary
review of
the
kinetic
theory
of
magnetism,
see
Langevin 1912;
see
also Einstein's
treatment
of
this
subject
in his
lecture
notes
for
a course on
the
kinetic
theory
of heat
at
the
University
of
Zurich,
summer
semester
1910
(Vol. 3,
Doc.
4).
[13]For
a
historical discussion of Boltzmann's contributions
to
kinetic
gas
theory,
see
Brush
1976, chap. 6.
[14] For
a
brief
overview of
the
history
of Brownian motion
and its
theoretical
explanation
by
Einstein,
see
Vol.
2,
the
editorial
note,
"Einstein
on
Brownian
Motion,"
pp.
206-222.
P.
242 of
article
11
in the
physics
volume of Die Kultur der
Gegenwart (Dorn
1915) gives
a
historical review of
measurements
of Brownian motion.
[15]
See
note 13.
[16]For
a
discussion of
the
role of
this
theorem
in
Einstein's work
on
statistical
mechanics,
see
Vol.
2,
the
editorial
note,
"Einstein
on
the
Foundations of Statistical
Physics,"
p.
53.
[17]
Article
32 in the
physics
volume of Die Kultur der
Gegenwart
is
Hasenöhrl
1915,
which
discusses conservation of
energy
and
entropy
increase.
[18]The
use
of Boltzmann's
principle
as a
heuristic device
was
introduced
by
Einstein
in
Einstein
1905i
(Vol.
2,
Doc.
14).
For
a
historical
discussion,
see
Klein, M.
1974.
[19]See
Einstein 1907a
(Vol. 2,
Doc.
38)
for
a
discussion of
this
relationship.
[20]For
a
similar characterization of
the
consensus
of
the
scientific
community
on
this
point,
see
Einstein's "Comment
on a
Fundamental
Difficulty
in
Theoretical
Physics,"
dated 2
January
1911
(Vol.
3,
Doc.
16).
[21]
Article
10
in the
physics
volume of Die Kultur der
Gegenwart
is Wien
1915,
which deals
with heat radiation. For
a
comprehensive
discussion of Planck's radiation
theory
and its
recep-
tion
by
contemporary physicists, including
Einstein,
see
Kuhn 1978.
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