3 0 0 D O C . 3 7 9 T R A V E L D I A R Y O C T O B E R 1 9 2 2 distinct borders. Oblong spots clearly leaving the disk edgewise. At night, naked with fan. Not troublesome. 15th. In Red Sea under overcast skies without view to the shore. Lightly cloudy skies. Brief rain shower in the morning. Greenhouse temperature. At noon passed by two small flat coral islands. 16th. Saw two sharks next to steamer with huge dorsal and tail fins. Flying fishes, too. Temperature rising but very bearable. Wonderful sunset. Reflection in the east with reddish surface of the sea. Eastern sky blue-gray, reddish further up. Venus sparkles beautifully and is mirrored in the sea. 17th. In evening, mighty distant storm on the Arabian side under bright sky. A stroke of lightning of small angular area almost every second. Thereupon a strong wind rose with swelling seas. 18th. Reached the exit of the Red Sea in rough waters. Arabian mountain range visible lone-standing mountains looming out of the sea, glowing red in the morn- ing sun. 19th. Enteritis with ghastly hemorrhoids. Japanese professor comes to the rescue.[14] 20th. More or less shipshape again. Steamed past the Somali coast (cape).[15] Splendidly illuminated mountains in the afternoon sun. Brisk breeze with moderate swell. 25th. Passed by coral islands with palm groves. At night, tropical rain. Now, ½ past 9, distant tropical rain visible (with variably cloudy skies). On approaching the equator, clouds from the Arabian Gulf gathered. In October the most illuminated layer part of the Earth’s surface lies at the equator. There moisture-saturated air rises, thereby precipitating water. Air flows in afterwards from both (north and south) sides (winds of the subtropical zone, diverted by the Earth’s rotation). Seasons shift the zone of maximum warming and hence the entire complex of phenomena northward or southward. Additionally, land intensifies the temperature maximum as opposed to the sea, because it heats up to a greater degree. The strong rising currents of air also encourage storminess. We often saw sheet lightning without any or with only weak cloud formation. [p. 5] [p. 5v]