E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D x c i Authors’ emendations are silently inserted into the flow of the text where place- ment is significant, or where the emendation serves as a comment on the text but does not fit seamlessly, it is noted in endnotes. Words or sentences marked by the author for insertion, but physically placed elsewhere on the page, are silently in- serted in the text, unless it is believed that significant information is lost. Passages not clearly marked for insertion are placed at the end of the document, with a note indicating original placement. Facsimiles of diagrams are placed as close to the original arrangement as layout of the page allows. Text omissions are indicated by ellipses in square brackets. In typed documents, typographical errors are retained, except for overstrikes, where the letter spacing is conventionalized. In the dateline of outgoing letters, Einstein’s Berlin street address is omitted. Towns and cities underlined in addresses at the head of documents and on enve- lopes and postcards are rendered in roman font. Underscored words are italicized. All-capitalized words are rendered with first-letter capitalization. When two parallel dashes (short “equal sign”) are used to indicate a hyphen, they are rendered as a hyphen. Einstein often used a handwritten abbreviation symbol for the conjunction “and,” which is transcribed as an ampersand. The double consonants “mm” and “nn” abbreviated by placing a bar over the single consonant, as well the abbreviated endings “ung” and “ungen,” are tran- scribed in full. The use of “J” for “I” in typed originals or transcriptions is rendered in its modern usage “I.” As Einstein does not differentiate between a Latin “I” and a Gothic “I,” both are rendered in Latin, except where otherwise indicated in scien- tific notation. When combinations of Gothic and Roman “s” are used to indicate “ß,” they are transcribed as “ß.” However, when they are used to indicate both “ß” and “ss” (e.g., by Maja Winteler-Einstein), they are transcribed as “ss.” The older convention of writing an adjectival indicator of a proper name sepa- rately from the name itself is modernized (e.g., “Tetrode’sche” is rendered “Te- trodesche”). Where lack of punctuation might prove confusing in understanding a passage, an extra space is inserted in the text. Quotation marks are transcribed according to conventional usage in each language.