5 1 4 D O C . 3 4 2 C H E M I C A L & B I O L O G I C A L W A R F A R E APPENDICES D E C L A R A T IO N (For signature by scientific men and women.) Science and technical skill are daily increasing the power of men to inflict injury on one another. By an automatic process, apparently beyond any partial regulation, scientific development has been used from its very beginning to perfect the art of killing. The Great War witnessed new methods of destruction, and, in the event of a new catastrophe, unprecedented horrors are involved by the perfection of chemical and bacteriological weapons. This danger to civilization and the human race may very well throw doubt upon the moral value of scientific progress in the minds of people who were not revolted by the prospect of another war on the old lines. The undersigned consider it their urgent duty emphatically to denounce the frightful danger threatening the whole of humanity, and in particular the more civilized nations, through these pre- parations for a new scientific warfare. As there can be no idea of limiting the development of science, the only alternative is to put a stop to war itself. It is indeed impossible to check the adaptation of thought to deed that life and a profound instinct impose increasingly upon us. Those who have devoted their lives to scientific research are grieved to see the results of their labours used for forwarding policies of violence: they, then, must be the first to fight against the danger that in spite of themselves they have helped to create. Experience has shown that all international conventions that aim at limiting the application of science are inoperative: they introduce arbitrary distinctions, they do not go to the root of the evil and nothing will prevent a nation from using all the resources that nature and science have put at its disposal. The only efficacious action is to work for the suppression of war, to denounce the futility of seeking security in armaments, to proclaim with the utmost energy our conviction that the speedy establishment of international justice is a question of life and death for the human race. Public opinion must be convinced by organization and propaganda that peace and justice rest upon the common will of the peoples. Constant pressure must be exercised on the Governments to create by agreements the necessary machinery. 83