3 0 V O L . 1 5 , 5 8 a O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L I T Y O F S C I E N C E Published in Einstein 1929a, p. 13. An ADS in French with minor textual variations is also available. [28 002]. The title “Verlorenes Paradies” was added to the ADS in Rudolf Kayser’s hand. Also pub- lished in French under the title “Verlorenes Paradies” in Einstein 1934b, p. 36. English translation in- cluded in Emil Lengyel, “Einstein Sees Science and Art Allied,” New York Times Magazine, 14 September 1930, p. 9. For the published German version, see the next document. [1] Dated on the assumption that this document was written between ca. 1 September 1925—when Einstein expressed similar criticism of the political opinions of scholars and similar praise for the views of politicians and businessmen—and 30 March 1926, when he returned to Berlin from meet- ings of the ICIC in Paris. He may have been asked to write this statement during one of his visits to Paris in mid-January or late March 1926 (see Einstein to Robert A. Millikan, 1 September 1925 [Vol. 15, Doc. 58] Vol. 15, Chronology, entry for 13 January 1926 and Einstein to Elsa Einstein, 28 March 1926 [Vol. 15, Doc. 236]). [2] “17. siecle les savants et les artistes de toute l’Europe avaient été si etroitement unis par un lien ideal commun, que leur cooperation était a paine influencée par les évenements politiques.” in the ADS. In his recent article on Pan-Europeanism, Einstein had expressed a similar view that scientists and artists had not concerned themselves with the political borders of Europe “throughout the centuries” (“in den verschiedenen Jahrhunderten” see “Pan-Europe,” 24 March and April 1925 [Vol. 14, Doc. 463]). The international scholarly community Einstein is referring to was the “Republic of Letters” of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The first recorded instance of the Latin phrase res- publica litterarum appeared in a 1415 letter written by a Venetian humanist. The phrase became widely used in the age of Erasmus of Rotterdam, who became the center of a network of correspon- dents. The Republic of Letters was at its peak in the period from 1680 to 1720, when a series of mo- mentous political events took place in Europe. During this tumultuous time, in which travel and the exchange of books and journals were rendered more difficult because of political and religious restric- tions, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and his scholarly contemporaries felt obliged to express the unity of European learning across national borders and denominational differences by communicating with each other through letters. The language in which the scholars of this period exchanged their ideas was Latin. During this period, the first scientific academies were established, and their openness to scholars from other nations was expressed in the provisions for foreign or “corresponding” members (see Utlee 1987, pp. 96–97 and 106 Fumaroli 1988, pp. 144–145 Daston 1991, pp. 372, 376 Burke 2012, pp. 395–396 and Olechnicka et al. 2019, p. 31). [3] For a similar instance in which Einstein criticized what he perceived as the negative impact of nationalism on the international scholarly community, see “Statement on the Inauguration of the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation,” before 16 January 1926 (Vol. 15, Doc. 165). [4] “devenu les représentants les plus forts des traditions nationales out perdu leur communauté.” in the ADS. For a previous instance in which Einstein had expressed himself negatively on the political role of scholars, see Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, 20 November 1925 (Vol. 15, Doc. 114). [5] “representants” in the ADS. Einstein expressed similar praise for politicians and businessmen in September 1925 (see Einstein to Robert A. Millikan, 1 September 1925 (Vol. 15, Doc. 58)). [6] Einstein added his signature “A. Einstein” in the ADS.