I N T R O D U C T I O N T O V O L U M E 1 5 l x v i i Nevertheless, the Swiss, led by Edgar Meyer, selected Georg Joos for the Miller experiment on the Jungfraujoch. Joos diplomatically enlisted Tomaschek as a part- ner, proposing that he would do the interferometry and Tomaschek would perform a Trouton-Noble experiment in the new research station (Tomaschek had already performed just such an experiment on the mountain, inside a wooden construction perched high up under a cliff wall). Joos enlisted the Zeiss company of Jena for his optics. He did not believe in Miller’s results and doubted the need for replication but, like Piccard, saw the opportunity to acquire funding and new equipment, given the publicity surrounding the Miller affair (Doc. 280). Though Tomaschek did con- tinue his work on the Jungfraujoch, Joos never did bring his instrument up the mountain and instead performed the experiment in Jena. As he put it, echoing Ein- stein’s concern at throwing money away uselessly, “one may rightly ask whether… in view of the financial calamity of German science the expenses for such an expe- dition could still be justified” (Mehra and Rechenberg 1987, p. 458). He pointed out that Miller had eventually rescinded his claim that his effect was in any way connected with the altitude of the Mount Wilson Observatory. Joos eventually placed an upper limit of 1.5 km/s on the ether wind at Jena (Joos 1930). As we have seen, at the outset of the controversy Einstein felt unable to publicly air his skepticism of Miller’s findings. Gradually, however, he was encouraged by events to express his doubts more freely. He was even quoted in the press advising the public not to bet on confirmation of Miller’s results (Doc. 161). At the end of 1926, and also of the present volume, he took a public stance on the matter. In a short paper in a popular scientific journal, he first summarized the improvements Kennedy and Piccard had made to their instruments compared to Michelson’s orig- inal one. Even though they could not eliminate completely the disturbing effect of environmental temperature, Kennedy’s and Piccard’s results disproved Miller’s main statement, namely, that there is a drag of the ether by the Earth that changes with altitude. Einstein concluded with a chivalrous funeral oration for the initiator of the debate: “No doubt, it was Prof. Miller’s outstanding merit that he initiated a meticulous reexamination of Michelson’s important experiment” (Doc. 478). VI. German Politics and European Rapprochement Germany continued to face considerable political turmoil during the period of this volume. Its foreign affairs were dominated, first, by the Locarno Treaties of Octo- ber 1925 that had been negotiated on Germany’s behalf by foreign minister Gustav Stresemann and which guaranteed nonaggression and normalization of relations with Allied Powers in the postwar era.[31] The ongoing negotiations on Germany’s